thx man

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Hi mate, love your videos... I'm trying to find a 220v to 30kv + step up transformer. Do you know where to source? It's just for a project

@@ahmdabdallah5811 wtf

Why is this better than building one multiplier double the length?

Each one only has to deal with the original voltage but by having one be positive voltage and the other one at a negative voltage you get twice the voltage without much more engineering difficulty

Fusion 360 can be had free for personal use and it's great...intuitive and has satisfied all of my part geometry needs. Wonderful tutorials here on UT, you'll be making simple .stl extrusions in a day and can go from there to sweeps and lofted shapes. Fun stuff!

Yeah i think you're right about that. However, my real goal with the super high voltage is to experiment with powerful electrostatic effects, so i think I'll eventually mount a big metal sphere on the top to spread the charge over a big area, similar to a van de graaf generator

Would have to wind the primary myself...sorry forgot to add this.

Looks to be 3D printed?

Yes, but 1.) It would have to be a very large toroid to have the same saturation current as the core used in the video, and 2.) it would be more difficult to wind because you can't take it apart in two pieces like a flyback core

@@HyperspacePirate thank you

if i recall this runs at about 25 kHz. The frequency is based on the inductance of the primary coil on the transformer and size of the capacitor. Smaller capacitor or smaller number of turns on the coil = high frequency and vice versa

Assuming no leakage, the multiplication ratio is the number of capacitor-diode stages in the ladder. That's for an open circuit condition.

@@HyperspacePirate the capacity of the capacitors you have to worry about？

@@vicentecarrasco3653 Larger capacitors will present a lower impedance to the alternating current, but I think the power supply feeding the voltage multiplier will become a limiting factor long before the capacitor impedance does. Having said that, I use 1 nF / 20kV caps, but values as small as 50-100 pF would probably work the same on this circuit

@@HyperspacePirate aaaaah，largest capacitors in the output the voltage will reduce.

I can measure the input voltage with a resistor divider, and then multiply that by the number of stages in the multiplier circuit. Of course, there are conduction losses, diode losses, etc., but when you're making big arcs, the difference between 120,000 volts and 117,500 volts, for example, is imperceptible

@@HyperspacePirate Good. But the diode drop is negligible, even for high voltage diodes. The capacitors in my experience are more likely to cause some meaningful drop, about 2 kilo-ohms impedance per capacitor at 80 kHz. If I counted right, you have 12 capacitors (as well as 12 diodes) in seres. That means some 23 kilo-ohms total impedance. The voltage drop of course depends on current as well as the impedance, so I don't try to estimate that. Nor do I know the AWG36 winding length, but you have there about 1.3 ohms per meter, just for pure resistance. On 50 or 60 Hz AC between 0.5 meter spheres and 1 cm gap, you are supposed to get sparking to start at 30 kV RMS. In the old days that was actually used as a measuring device. Anyway, the spark initiation voltage depends on the electrode size and between a point and plane or two points, you get considerably lower initiation voltages. You notice, how close you bring the ground side wire end before the arc starts. After the start, maintaining even very long arcs is easy due to existing ionization. All this is why I am curious about your actual voltage. Once, when Heathkit was still around, I built their 40 kV probe and quite recently I built two DMM voltage extenders, 10 : 1 dividers with 1% high voltage (15 kV rated) resistors. I also contemplated buying some vintage electrostatic HV meters offered at eBay, but ended up not going that way. Well, good luck in the future with your experiments!

I haven't, but that sounds like a good idea for a future video

Yeah, but the impedance of the multiplier would be higher due to the lower operating frequency of the ignition coil compared to the flyback transformer in this video.

@@HyperspacePirateWhat type of capacitors and diodes did you use?

@@60hz120vac 1 nF / 20kV caps and 100 mA / 20 kV diodes. Links are in the description.

If I used a a 29.5kv flyback would it work stock?

@@60hz120vac if it was built after the 60's, it probably has an internal voltage multiplier which also rectifies the AC to DC. If you want to use it with your own multiplier you'll have to remove the potting compound and remove that element first

No major difference from the one i built in the video. The big thing would just be making sure you have the right ratings on your HV components and space them far enough apart to avoid arcing. If your caps are 50 kV, for example, you dont want more than 25 KVAC of input because the caps in the ladder end up being 2*VCC

1MV is quite difficult. Things start to get tricky when you get into hundreds of kilovolts. Starting with a low voltage and using many multiplier stages makes no sense. You would be better off starting with something like a 150kV transformer. Those things can get big and expensive quickly. 1MV is probably more doable with Tesla transformers or static generators.

No. Because it's DC it'll go straight through your body. The reason you see people touching tesla coils without getting hurt is because they're usually really high frequency AC (hundreds of khz) so the current only travels on the very outer layer of your skin

I think mineral oil, it is a great insulator.

There are many types of oils. As a hobbyist just use some mineral oil you got on hand. It's usually not worth it to buy special insulation oil like Shell Diala. You can use silicone fluids and even ricinus oil (not recommended for hobbyist). There are also insulation oils derived from seed oils. High Performance oils can be made from natural gas (gas to liquid). Beware of old transformer oil. It can be highly toxic.