13 lessons in, still can't believe this is free. Do not change that fact ever.

It's good to have Sapolsky back.

Its amazing how lectures at a world class university like Stanford is different than ur average Uni: the professor actually teaches you and talks to you, not just reading from powerpoint.

Anyone here during the Pandemic, marking ten years post this course and is still so relevant!

I love how he speaks without a hitch, or glitch, or pause. He KNOwS HIS STUFF! Could listen all day!

He's being so careful and clear to distinguish between state (or even simple state change) and process -- this is beautiful, lucid teaching about the regulatory mechanisms. Highly recommended for lecturers as well as students.

Viewers--please understand that much research has been done in this field in the eight years since this lecture. Sapolsky was lecturing on the "state-of-the-science" at the time. Research changes our understanding of the world and this process is happening at an exponential rate these days! I love Sapolsky and this series is fantastic. You will learn a massive amount about human behavior, neurology, etc, but when it gets down to details not well understood at the time of his lecture, one would have to search academic journals for what is known now.

I'm a graphic designer. I watch these lectures to extend my understanding. I love this man and his ability to make the complex accessible. I suddenly feel out of my depth...

Today is April 28th, 2019. These lectures are still incredible even nine years later. I'd kill to see what new information has come to light since then.

I have absolutely no background or previous interest in any of this stuff, but these lectures are brilliant & I'm hooked! :D

Finally, back to the good doctor Sapolsky. God I missed him.

Sapolsky’s voice is so damn calming omg. It’s like listening to voice of reason in times where you lack your own...

The TAs all did lovely work with their presentations. In addition, they helped me appreciate Sapolsky even more

Around 35th minute (ending around 40th minute) there is the best explanation of how antidepressants work I've ever heard. Spend 5 minutes and you will know everything we know to that point about how they work. Remarkable.

So bummed that they didn't include the class laughter at the break. I laughed alone

Sapolsky is a great lecturer. He makes complicated things easy to understand. Simply excellent videos. (I could never study this myself because I'm too dumb to even get in to any decent university out there....). I'm very grateful that Stanford University wants to share these videos. A BIG thank you to both Robert Sapolsky and Standord Unviersity for sharing and helping people (in situations like myself) to learn exciting things without the ability to attend universities.

I love this guy ... everything I've seen, heard or read of his is brilliant, human and to the point - of everything that is wrong with this planet and its dominant species. How did a Robert Sapolsky even come to exist or get such prominence in a world that pretty much goes against everything he says, i.e. proves? I really appreciate Stanford for making these lectures available, and I just wish there were more books and videos available from Dr. Sapolsky. We all need to hear this stuff.

I'm taking a behavioral neuroscience course for neurofeedback certification, all I got was a textbook and PowerPoints. Luckily, this lecture series covers pretty much everything in the textbook in a way I can actually remember because of how good of a lecturer he is. I wish more universities did this. Getting credit for the course should cost money but knowledge should be free for the good of humanity.

"Go to your deathbed remembering that acronym... because... it will make you... happy & fulfilled." lmao the world needs more Sapolskys.

Robert Sapolsky is funny, interesting, passionate, and simply put - Stanford's gem. I, not unlike many of the viewers here, did not major in any of the life sciences, but after watching this amazing hirsute (I mean this in a good way - I think he looks cool !!!) professor teach and lecture about what other laypeople may deem as dull i.e. limbic system seem like the greatest show on earth, I don't think I'm crazy by saying that this lecture series has changed my life. I'm hooked !!!

Summary In fact there is much more room for variability in the nervous system than explained before: - The 2 laws of Dale are wrong: @4:30 1) If the presynaptic neuron is activated, the following neuron will too. @17:28 and @1:05:00 For example, Gaba (NT inhibitor) don't block the synapses of a neuron, they impide the propagation of one of the pre synaptic signals (IF neuron A fire, THEN block signal in neuron A so that neuron B is not influenced) 2) Each neuron releases only one type of neurotransmitters from its axion terminal. For example, sometimes one neuron releases 2 types NT that have effects working at 2 different timeframes. - Regulation of the glucocorticoid system @9:56 We've seen before the chain: Hypothalamus neuron --CRH--> pituitary gland --ACTH--> adrenal cortex --> cortisol production --> feedback regulation. Another hormone (e.g. oxytocine) sentir to the anterior pituitary will lead to the release of another hormone to a distant gland. In fact, it's more complex than that: a) @11:54 Various neurotransmitters can release the same hormone (e.g. ACTH) but with disctinct shapes of secretory curve b) @21:54 Cells in the pituitary gland aren't grouped by produced hormones. It's more like a mosaic --> modulation of sensitiveness due to neighborhood c) @25:00 Negative feedback is not the only system used to regulate hormones levels, neurons also have their own auto-regulation (pre-synaptic receptor) d) @30:40 Regulation can be done by checking that the hormone levels have reached the desired threshold but also by measuring the rate of change of these levels @36:00 Regulation is as important as the effect of the hormones. A ill-regulation can lead to adult onset diabetes: the pancreas produces insuline to stare glucose from blood into fat cells. Fat cells become less sensitive to insuline because they're already full. Pancreas produces more insuline. Fat cells become even less sensitive. And so on and so on. @49:40 neurotransmitters are complex of proteins: a) they're codes by various genes --> variations b) other hormone can bind onto them and modulate the effect of the neurotransmitter e.g. benzodiazepines

This lecture has so much complex info, I'm listening a 2nd time. I want to understand all of these processes in such a way that to do so, I think ill have to go back to school & pursue a scientific degree like my bio 101 professor urged me to do when I went to community college. I hung on every lesson. I can't get enough. Listening to these lectures (and some great podcasts) makes my mind numbing manufacturing job tolerable.

Could you please upload a new bunch of this series? Since its already 5 years ago and many things have changed by now!

That ladies question at 45:18 is the most important question asked during the entire lecture and I wish students asked more questions like this. I hope science provides us answers to these questions

a neuroscience professor at my college didn't know that it was possible for a neuron to use more than one transmitter, and denied that it was possible, when i pointed it out to him. the next lecture he admitted that he had been wrong, and said he didn't know about it, because it was "cutting edge research"... mildly embarrassing, makes me wish i had a sapolsky-like lecturer at my college.

Love the attitude mate, Sapolsky is boss, and the fact he increases interests into these subjects is good for philosophy and appreciation of eachother and how the world works. Biology and its branching diciplines ftw :)

Deeply in love with this great teacher and the way he explain insulin resistance is absolutely amazing

Today is April 28, 2015. Happy birthday, lecture!

listening to these lectures, is probably the only useful thing that will get imprinted into my next generations.

this is one of my favorites lectures of the whole course.

Sapolsky rocks. He's the real deal, given his life for the betterment of all, and has a gift for hooking any curious mind on fascinating subject matter with added humor and wit! Not a day passes now that something doesn't happen that mirrors something I've learned from him.

Fast mind slows down with age... surprisingly everyone has their own mind. Timing is essential... with experience we gain knowledge and information that slows us down gradually.

This whole lecture made me feel both a deep fear and peace at the same time for some reason

I'm an artist and love this prof. His idea is to make some important science accessible to a larger public. A lot of the more technical or hard science he elaborates I don't expect myself to follow but am getting the general idea and I love his concept of jumping from one bucket to another. The suspense builds. Where will we find ourselves eventually? Don't sweat it, just enjoy. He's a great communicator and teacher. His enthusiasm is catching. I think scientists are just as creative as artists.

this was my favourite lecture so far! great information and extraordinary explaining

Excellent explanation of how GABA works in CNS near end of lecture.

You’ve added so much to my education in nursing, and I wasn’t even in class with you. You’re first you tube video came up after I watched one for developmental psychology. I’m hooked and now am watching you to help prepare for my entrance exam for an RN program. Thank you so much.

Oh man finally. It felt like he was gone forever. I'm so glad it's him again 😭 I could barely get through the TAs presentations and had to rewind a million times.

Sapolsky is my best story teller. Such intellectually engaging as always

I'll start first year of med school in like 2 months, and I love the fact that I can keep learning while enjoying vacations, truly a series of videos that are making these weeks so AMAZING, I've never been so fascinated with the functioning of such a complex systems. Thanks for showing us the beauty of nature♥

Pure Poetry...absolutely awesome and extremely well appreciated.

I love that he destroys each in a way that makes for folks to pave their own way and discover more without being convinced we already know everything about everything

you gotta give him that he has a nice flow

Great talk on some very interesting subjects. Thank you for sharing this.

As of Jan 5, 2020, this is a great lecture.

Biology gets really fascinating.. with the mind blowing intelligence within these systems. I fall in awe. For me this is not complicated stuff but marvels. Of life.

Truly life-changing lecture!

Understanding the brain and neurons feels like trying to understand how the entirety of the US works, by looking at what a few individuals are doing in some major cities, and observing how they interact whith one another. It is a massive undertaking Still I cant but marvel at the ingenuity and beauty of what has been discovered about neurons. Nature's 4 billion years of experience in making living things are shining through

April 2021! THIS IS PURE GOLD FOR FREE

at the end, Dr. Sapolsky broke the 4th wall. this class was amazing

Thank you for uploading these incredible lectures!🥰

Wow this guy is good. The link between neurology and endocrinolgy is well explained

Amazing lecture

Thanks KZfaq for your powerful, persuasive and perverted A.I. which suggested this program lecture.

Spalosky is one great professor! Such an interesting man, and great teacher!

If only more professors were as dynamic and skilled as Sapolsky

Those were the times that we could cough with no fear … I Love dr.Sapolsky’s literature.

funny how i keep feeling stupider the more i learn! this lecture has been so eye-opening that its almost silly! the added complexity potential(compared to my models before this update) is mind-bogglingly vast to me! 90 thousand million-ish neurons times the average number of connections per neuron with all the endocrine regulation just explained here is mind-blowing! i would recon that there is enough processing potential in a human to build (a) soul(s) just as a by-product!... THANK YOU Robert, Stanford and everybody who chipped in to make it possible for me to watch lecture series!!

I love that he keeps saying "Flatbread" even though he knows what it's supposed to be. I crack a smile every time

Things have surely evolved since this lecture now 12 years old. And there's no chance that our Incredibly Learned Professor would ever edit his cycle of 27 lectures given at Stanford Un. to incorporate new findings. In a similar vein, Prof. Sapolsky's famous book on Stress, WHY ZEBRAS DON'T GET ULCERS (3d. ed. 2004), left many points of detail quite open. Now, in 2022, nearly 20 years later, many of those points and notes could receive more advanced and complete answers. Couldn’t Prof. Sapolsky reasonably consider tackling the huge, vastly important project of a 4th edition of this vital ZEBRAS book, and have it also labeled with the new name of SAPOLSKY'S BIOLOGY OF STRESS? At this stage in life, our Incredibly Learned Professor's reputation is made. He’s already produced the magnum opus that consecrates his top scholarly standing in the academic community - the huge encyclopedic BEHAVE brick. He is now retired from active teaching, and has the time to focus on this project. He knows the open issues intimately and can pick up their thread pretty easily. He also has at his disposal a large team of bright assistants who would be eager to do all the preparatory research necessary for his writing a revised, updated and enlarged 4th edition, far superior to the 3d edition of 2004. Such a 4th edition of a revised ZEBRAS certainly would have a wide reception from a market of modern readers constantly harassed by psychological stressors every day of their lives. There is no doubt that such a 4th edition of ZEBRAS would be of more immediate value to any ordinary reader among the millions of modern humans seeking their balance in our complex industrial and scientific world with its fragmented and disruptive social structure. And to whoever is animated by a personal desire to improve the lot of mankind, this 4th edition would be much more meaningful, and have much more of an effective impact than any other project, grand as it might be, that Prof. Sapolsky could still envisage. In the same manner that GRAY'S ANATOMY won its place as a landmark of knowledge, perhaps one may think that a complete treatise on stress, regularly revised and updated, would find its place in the library of science as SAPOLSKY'S BIOLOGY OF STRESS.

Flatbread. This guy is so freaking funny 😂😂😂 Still not over "Plant IQ" 😂😂😂

I love his using the toilet bowl filling as a familiar example of a negative feedback system!

He's great I'll be going to school soon for my bachelor's and I want to go onto to practice for endocrinology I'm 23 right now and can't wait

When I started watching this series at the beginning, I thought I was going to learn about behavioral evolution, but somehow this evolved into extensive lectures on neurology and endocrinology and for the life of me I am struggling to make the connection. I am sure it is there somewhere. Besides, I can't stop/won't stop watching because I love the Prof.

I love how he introduced the break

Oh damn, I'm not able to understand the high school level of this but this university way just fits to me.

Dr. Daley and Dr. Lazar from Harvard explained this a bit different in their courses about stem cell research. According to their information in a very simplified explanation the hormones are produced by the specialized, differentiated somatic cells based on chemical info received from the hippocampus pituitary axis and are thereafter regulated over positive and negative feedback loops. This version would have the advantage of fewer transmitters having a higher functional diversity through somatic proteomic determination . Granted this is a very complex regulatory metabolism with an overwhelming amount of new studies on the PubMed site and the medical biochemistry site to fill in the gaps since 2010.

Human behavior is very complex relatively & every action reflects new thoughts.

02.40 so true, nothing much was taught about the limbic system in med school

Aula fantástica!!

And that is so complicated in fact that it's essential that everybody stand up and go to the bathroom.

Thank you Professor!

Robert sir is amazing👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻

Specific level versus rate of change: Consider the following: We exist in an analogue universe that is interacting energy fields (those energy fields of which are probably just a singular force with three different modalities), of which those interacting 'gem' photons (gravity being a part of the currently recognized 'em' photon and acting 90 degrees to the 'em' fields, which of course act 90 degrees to each other, the pulsating, swirling 'gem' photon being the energy unit of this universe that makes up everything in existence in this universe), at times unite with other 'gem' photons in a string theory kind of way and create sub-atomic particles of which then would also eventually create atoms and molecules. The sub-atomic particles, atoms and molecules being the 'quantized' part of the interacting 'gem' photonic interactions. Hence, a system that can have minimum and maximum energy limits (whether by the overlapping energy fields of the modalities of the 'gem' photons and/or by the particles themselves) as well as a system that could have rate of change methods employed (depending upon the strengths of the energy fields and/or by the number of particles (sub-atomic or otherwise). Two systems in one.

Different cells in different neighborhoods will secrete different amounts of the same hormone from the same hypothalamic hormone. Communication going on in all the cells in neighborhood of pituitary

He is amazing

The king is back

I'm studying psychology at Virginia tech with a focus on neuropsychopharmacology. Ya, it's a real field. I dream of doing research with Stanford and teaching at schools like it. The brain is the most amazing thing on this planet. I will study it until the day I die.

58:38 There is a mistake GABA-receptors typically localize to dendritic shaft synapses and the somatic membrane, not to dendritic spines. Spine synapses are almost always excitatory. Other than that, this was a great lecture.

17:30 "Jerome Ysroael Lettvin, often known as Jerry Lettvin, was an American cognitive scientist, and Professor of Electrical and Bioengineering and Communications Physiology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology."

This is so valuable

Great audio work 👏

this guy is fascinating

I love this guy, If I could be half as great a teach I'd be great....

You can't blame the dude coughing, I would get teaked before this guys lecture for sure

It's an attractive lecture.....

excellent prof.

Today is April 28, 2016... happy birthday lecture

HUSTERON, PROTERON At 5:23 "And of course, it's irritating that we're doing number two before number one, but tough." Amazingly, ancient Greek has an expression for this reversal of mental order, dealing with second things first. And its name is: HUSTERON, PROTERON. That is, later things ("husteron" = later) are met first ("proteron" = earlier). This interesting linguistic reversal is frequent in Homer. It calls for some agility of mind from the reader or listener. In fact, ancient Greek, with its exceptional flexibility, versatility, and rich productivity, calls for agile, smart intellects not afraid of giving full firing exercise to those neurons of the pre-frontal cortex. We know too well that we're not going to get Prof. Sapolsky to change his feelings overnight, and start loving the ancient Greek language a little more. But this example of its remarkable flexibility may induce our learned Professor to show ancient Greek much more respect, and perhaps, at some later stage, even some reverence and affection as to a friend of the pre-frontal cortex, instead of a necessary nuisance. Because ancient Greek proves, once again, how immensely useful it is to neurobioloby, by providing this awfully complex science with an awfully complex vocabulary. It is thanks to ancient Greek that brain scientists are able to create all those long difficult new words that permit the precise transmission of their complex knowledge. Even if those new long words seem a major hassle to students who have to not only understand clearly their meaning but also learn them by heart.

Best 5 minute break announcement of my life

Depends on you, sometimes you make yourself.

Content aside, listening mainly to a continuous outpouring of information from the neuro-system of a brilliant brain within a body in constant motion. Out of the picture, a few coughs from learners with brains and butts fixed in seats. University lectures are the same after 50 years! Shoutout to the programmers that introduced the Pause button! Boo-es to the persons in the finance department of government institutions that introduced the corporate industrial model into education.

Very intellectual man.

This man has completely changed the way I think about people. I desperately want to watch a conversation between him and Dr. Joe Dispenza. How can we make this happen?!!!

I appreciate the fact that Stanford made these lectures public. So far, it has been very insightful to me. However, there is one thing that I need to get off my chest: it would be a lot better if Sapolski would finish his sentences. Now, he seems to be rambling on, and sometimes the coherency goes out of the window (at least, for me).

exams of course my friend (I'm not in the class, but he discusses midterm/final in some of these vids)

I don't know if I am understanding Advanced Neuroscience very easily or Sapolsky's speaking skills are just making this very easy to listen to.

Me too! It is very very interesting!

My mind has been blown.

I love Sapolsky