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Development of Gut: Embryology 🌟
The development of the gut begins during the fourth week of embryonic life when the embryo undergoes cephalocaudal and lateral folding, forming the primitive gut tube. This tube is derived from the endoderm and is divided into three regions: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Each region gives rise to specific structures within the gastrointestinal tract. The foregut forms the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and the upper duodenum. The midgut extends from the lower duodenum to the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon, and the hindgut forms the distal third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper anal canal. Vascular supply is provided by the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery for the foregut, midgut, and hindgut respectively. The gut tube undergoes extensive growth, rotation, and differentiation to form the mature digestive system, with critical interactions between the endodermal lining and surrounding mesoderm. Understanding these embryological processes is crucial for diagnosing and managing congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. 📚🧬
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