24V 10A 240W power supply - schematic & halfbridge explained

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24V 10A 240W power supply - schematic & halfbridge explained

Рет қаралды 78,772

Күн бұрын

In this video I explain in detail how does a half-bridge switching power supply work. I use my 24V 10A 240W SMPS for demonstration, but most AT and ATX computer power supplies and many other high-powered power supplies work the same way.
The first part:
• 24V 10A 240W power sup...
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Пікірлер: 394

@TazkoHoZabit 5 жыл бұрын

Your channel has the potential to teach people more than the university.

@BillAnt 5 жыл бұрын

And also a magically appearing 26Khz above the transformer at 6:11 ;)

@thewld2 5 жыл бұрын

It does already. I’m 4 classes away from my EE degree and already have a CE degree. Have not learn this much practical material at the university, only on my own and videos like this

@BillAnt 5 жыл бұрын

@Thewld < Formal learning will teach you the necessary theories which are very important, while these videos provide you practical experience. In my opinion both are equally important to become a knowledgeable engineer. ;)

@nikiamz6501 5 жыл бұрын

You explain everything very easy, so it's very easy to learn from you!👍😀

@Basement-Science 5 жыл бұрын

Very good explanation! Especially about the feedback circuitry. It´s by far the most complex part of these power supplies. When I started learning about switching converters, I originally wanted to build one with all _discrete_ circuitry. Then I learned about the insanity called feedback circuits.

@sovietrepublic38 5 жыл бұрын

Feedback circuits are really unfathomable. Those people who designed them are genius.

@BogdanSerban 5 жыл бұрын

Feedback itself is quite easy to understand and quite fun to design also, but compensation is simply insane.

@craign8ca Жыл бұрын

This is the best in-depth explanation of a switching power supply that I've seen. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.

@RedmiNote-nd6hm 3 жыл бұрын

Výborný kanál o "component level" elektronice, díky za tu práci a gratuluju k úspěchu videí.

@cagmito76 5 жыл бұрын

im 5 mins in and never have a learned so much off one video and hes only just warming up

@savinogiovannimuscio2953 3 жыл бұрын

This is one of the best explenation on the HB converter that i saw, congratulation

@nevilleborg5031 5 жыл бұрын

Calling it excellent is an understatement. Amazing explaination.

@Hellenios 5 жыл бұрын

Wow, looking forward to the upgrades... One of the best videos on this topic which I have ever seen...

@KGE64 2 жыл бұрын

The startup circuit is especially clever. And they save an optocoupler and still have isolation between primary and secondary. It also makes troubleshooting easier because you connect the oscilloscope to the isolated part.

@DrHouse-zs9eb 5 жыл бұрын

This scematic-drawing is quite genius! How the hell you know so much about power supplys?

@electroniquepassion 5 жыл бұрын

Dr. House Dr House !!! Super Docteur en France !!

@cristonysolomon9439 5 жыл бұрын

Probobly he is an electronic entusiast and lovingly dedicated to electronics

@electroniquepassion 5 жыл бұрын

cristony solomon I think yes

@krisu9127 5 жыл бұрын

Jeżeli jest geniuszem to ty jesteś debilem

@ekuvie 4 жыл бұрын

Can one draw a schematic just by looking at a circuit. If yes how do I learn.

@electroniquepassion 5 жыл бұрын

you have a very beautiful cat !!!

@Zebra_Paw 3 жыл бұрын

Hey Electronic Passion! Love your channel, and continue watching DiodeGoneWild, he has a very good electronic knowledge! French: salut Electronic Passion, j'aime beaucoup ta ghaîne, continue de regarder DiodeGoneWild, il a un savoir incroyable en électronique

@AlexanderBukh 5 жыл бұрын

Mega video. So much information. Obsolete scheme or not, it provides so much insight. Thanks a bunch! I will rewatch it several times in coming weeks.

@Electester 5 жыл бұрын

Superior explanation... that is really how it is... It’s worth to mention that half-bridge and full-bridge SMPS are more efficient, more powerful derivatives from push-pull conception - 2 alternately switching transistors, divided windings, 2 diodes which means double the power charging the coil which is collecting energy. Best wishes from Poland.

@MegaSunRise3 5 жыл бұрын

I'm currently learning on how to use the TL494 and I want to try to build my own power supply with it. This is very useful, thank you.

@1pcfred 5 жыл бұрын

To make it worthwhile I don't think the complicated design of this one is particularly useful for me to try to make in small quantities. YMMV

@CliveChamberlain946 5 жыл бұрын

Don't forget its twin - the KA7500 is pin compatible and runs up to 300kHz

@kapsabet3 3 жыл бұрын

I am new to Circuits but your explanation though complex is very captivating. I will watch again and again it awesome how you put it all together. Thank YOU Thank YOU so much

@stevenyamada70 5 жыл бұрын

These are my favorite youtube video's. The schematics with an explanation. They really help to understand the way the circuits work. THANKYOU!

@PeterMilanovski 4 жыл бұрын

Anything is possible when you understand the operation of something and what all the components do in the circuit. I would definitely love to see you convert a SMPS into a bench top power supply! Especially if there's two of them to get both positive and negative rails. A retail dual rail power supply is way to expensive but it's a necessary tool for electronic work...

@alejandroperezkeogan8281 2 жыл бұрын

It's the best explanation of an SMPS that I ever heard, Congratulations 👏👏👏👏👏. No matter the language I understood everything. Very good 💯💯💯

@carldavis8228 5 жыл бұрын

Fantastic review of the circuit. Best in-depth explanation I have ever heard. I can't believe you remember all the information without reference material. I guess that is why you have so many subscribers.

@richardnanis 5 жыл бұрын

Thanks for this great review and in detail explanation of switching power supplies in half-bridge configuration! This is probably one of the most in-depth explanations i have come across yet! Looking really forward to your modification to a lab bench power supply! There are so many powerfull server PSUs out there very well worth beeing converted to bench PSUs :-) Some of them reach several kW of power and can deliver well over 100 Amps at 50 V e.g. But they are even much more complicated than this example ;-)

@beatrute2677 11 ай бұрын

This is one of your best videos man, if not the best

@AmitabhAnkur 5 жыл бұрын

Please do a QNA on 100k subscribers.

@FaysalKhalashi 5 жыл бұрын

103k now..

@aakasoto 5 жыл бұрын

@@FaysalKhalashi 104k now...

@cisarvialpando7412 4 жыл бұрын

@@aakasoto 154k now

@barnabasnagy9595 3 жыл бұрын

That's a good idea

@Tom-90210 3 жыл бұрын

165k

@gordonwedman3179 5 жыл бұрын

Just came across your videos recently and I think they are very informative and well produced. This was probably the most complete description of a fairly complex SMPS that I have seen and I have never seen anyone describe the feedback mechanisms in such detail. Really appreciate that.

@kapegede 5 жыл бұрын

Well explained. At the first moment, I thought I'll never understand that. But now it's better. I'm an educated electonics specialist, but it was 30 years ago, so my knowledge is a bit rusty now. Thanks for brushing it up!

@CliveChamberlain946 5 жыл бұрын

Yansi (at EEVblog forum) made some observations that may help mods for the conversion to a bench supply): ".. A diode is probably missing in the center tap of the NPN driving transformer. Without it, the current can get partially shunted back to the power supply. Not sure if mistake when the schematic was drawn or intention to shave every cent possible from the BOM (bill of materials - production terminology). I see two more mistakes (either be it schematic drawing, or the Chinese designer guy was on drugs): The base-to-ground resistors of the C1815 driving transistors are connected a bit weird and the auxiliary power winding should in fact be referenced with the center tap AFTER the current sense shunt. The schematic also contains some other interesting circuit nuances I'd consider at least strange and not much reason for them (for example the parallel RC in the pin 16 of the TL494)." As for circuit review: ".. explanation of the current limit feedback loop I find kind of strange ... The current is not sensed by pin 16, that's just GND reference. In fact, it is sensed in the node on the pin 15, where the reference current (5V ref divided by the 100k resistor) should equalize the node voltage to that of GND potential with the current flowing out of the node through the 1k resistor, towards the shunt - yes, the current is sensed as a negative voltage with respect to circuit GND. (That is because this way the burden voltage is compensated for in the voltage feedback loop, as the 5V reference is referenced to control circuit GND, which happens to be the output V- terminal). " ".. very well executed explanation, at least for beginners or those who are looking for more circuit specifics of these power supplies"

@DiodeGoneWild 5 жыл бұрын

The diode in the centre tap is really not there. (I know that this diode is present in AT/ATX power supplies, but they also use the auxiliary transformer for current sensing.) But it works anyway. The current from the auxiliary transformer probably backfeeds into the auxiliary power supply, but it doesn't seem to be a problem. It may actually help to power the chip. ... The base to ground resistors of the C1815s are really connected this way (each of them a different way), no matter how odd it looks. It's not my drawing mistake. I was also surprised by this and I tripple checked it. Maybe this gives the circuit a starting position on power up. ... The current sensing shunt drops only less than 50mV, so it's not that important where the control circuitry ground is connected. But you're right, the ripple of the shunt goes into the auxiliary power. I was also a bit surprised by this. Maybe it's done like this so the transformer has one pin less. The centre taps of the main and auxiliary secondaries are on the same pin. Maybe the auxiliary winding is actually not a winding, but only taps on the main secondary! This may be the explanation. ... The RC on the pin 16 is there for a good reason. Both inputs of an OpAmp should be connected via the same resistance (here it is 1k). This is a common practice with OpAmps. Using the same resistance in both inputs helps to cancel the voltage drop on the resistors caused by the leakage current of the inputs. Ideally the inputs draw or supply no current, but in real life there's always some tiny current. ... Where the current is sensed on the shunt, depends on the perspective :). It depends whether your reference point is before or after the shunt. You're in fact right, but it was easier to explain it saying that the voltage of the shunt is compared with a 50mV reference voltage. This is true if our reference point is before the shunt. Of course, the GND of the chip is connected after the shunt, but this doesn't change the behaviour of the OpAmp.

@rejvs 4 жыл бұрын

I could understand every bit of information effortlessly. You are the ideal teacher Sir. Please convey my regards to the cat too...

@Electester 4 жыл бұрын

Your explanation is superior... I can not get out of admiration.

@sm6fie 2 жыл бұрын

This video and explanations is very professional. Top ranked.

@6siqueira 5 жыл бұрын

I arrived to your channel by accident and I'm enjoying it a lot. Your videos are the best!

@bm830810 5 жыл бұрын

this was very very informative, I guess half-bridge is not black magic anymore thanks

@Kostanj42 5 жыл бұрын

very good explanation! i love the black magic that power supply is made of..

@gordonrobertson102 5 жыл бұрын

This was very interesting. I hadn't seen this topology before, was impressed with the start up arrangement. Your cat is very cool!

@grahampinkerton2091 5 жыл бұрын

Oh your english is such a great inspiration to others learning it!

@neteagle2k9 5 жыл бұрын

Very good video and explaining. The idea to convert it to a bench power supply is very good too !

@mortenlund1418 4 жыл бұрын

I just found your channel. This is very very informative. I have not as I remember seen any such detailed walk tru a complex diagram. Lucky me I found your channel. Thaks for your effort. Wish I knew just a fraction of what you know of engineering electronics.

@alparslanyakupoglu8421 5 жыл бұрын

As an engineer, i learned a lot from you. Thanks a lot.

@armunro 3 жыл бұрын

Fantastic. I fixed one of these yesterday. I thought it was complicated but not this complicated!

@andymouse 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks to a great explanation I understand more than I thought I would, certainly more than basic operation but goodness no's how you guys design these from scratch !

@timh2870 5 жыл бұрын

Excellent video! Extremely informative and educational. Thank you and keep making more videos like this!

@henriksyvertsen3998 5 жыл бұрын

Fantastic video. Please keep making videos about SMPSs. Thank you very much!

@sathyapalreddy2157 3 жыл бұрын

I want that schematic Great explanation

@gnif 2 жыл бұрын

Awesome! Thanks, this helped me to identify the difference between the 12V and 24V model and alter mine into the 24V model. If anyone else want's to do this on the S-250-12 model, change R33 from 10K to 22K, and remove one of the two shunts to prevent over current at the higher voltage. Also if you just want to raise the voltage a bit, replace R33 with 12K and you then get 12V - 16.8V.

@zaprodk 5 жыл бұрын

I like seeing your pets in your videos. They are a good addition :)

@zolatanaffa87 5 жыл бұрын

What an explanation! a real marathon! congratulations very alive, although, I am convinced, without the help of your cat you would not have done for sure! Lol Replace the aluminum of the main inductor should not make changes if you keep the same section and number of turns: you could only raise the maximum current bearable by the inductor (not the ouput current) Differently, if you change the number of turns you open a world of possibilities .... but in this case, the teacher is you! To the next video!

@mannyp3237 5 жыл бұрын

exceptional intellectual or creative power or other natural ability- genius, now its 100k subs,good job bro

@blake301987 3 жыл бұрын

Great video, love the cat transitions.

@giubaca 4 жыл бұрын

Very keen to see your conversion into a power supply 😁

@mbender8653 5 жыл бұрын

You do great videos, you sound like you design switching power supplies for a living. Of course I noticed that all your videos receive a cat scan before they are released. That must be a great help!

@thekaiser4333 5 жыл бұрын

Exzellent, exzellent, exzellent! Zhis channel actually DOES, wat all zhe other elektronik channels like EEVblog etc. should do! I have zhis PSU and zhis iz exactly wat I vant to know! Very well done!

@sleepwalkerbg1 4 жыл бұрын

And that is pure knowledge with very much experience in background. I am really suprised with this wonderful and educational video. Great job and thank you !!!! Cheers

@anandgaurav1980 4 жыл бұрын

My salute to you. Genius you are

@weerobot 4 жыл бұрын

Your Reverse Engineering is Outstanding...

@recyclechannel1556 5 жыл бұрын

Your english is becaming better and better 👍👍👍

@ats89117 5 жыл бұрын

Great video. That's pretty strange with the output filter inductor. You say it may have been from a 12V supply. Maybe it was in a common mode choke configuration on the 12V supply? Then repurposed with the two sides paralleled to work with 5V, but if the inductor were being specified, it's not clear why they wouldn't just use one with a single winding... Anyway, your power supply knowledge is really impressive and it's amazing that you are making these videos rather than doing high-price consulting.

@mrjohhhnnnyyy5797 5 жыл бұрын

CM chokes use high-permeability cores, like ferrite. In normal operation the fields cancel each other and all you see is active resistance of the coil. But for CM noise it presents a high impedance, since then you have two inductors in series effectively and 4 times the inductance of the single winding.

@melplishka5978 3 жыл бұрын

Great Scott and you both e plain everything perfectly.

@kevinmills5293 4 жыл бұрын

Fantastic explanation.

@dedecekhribecek3049 5 жыл бұрын

Super video, perfect explanation of the controll loop stability.

@josifvissarionovich5320 5 жыл бұрын

Come on! Tell the truth (kápni božskou). Your cat is whispering most of that knowledge to you. LOL But for real nice and simple explanation. Half an hour video from you equals like 10 hours buried in books. Keep it up. Congrats to 100K!

@sebastianfischer429 5 жыл бұрын

You also have a British Shorthair cat like me. They look very nice

@JanKowalski-ic6np 5 жыл бұрын

Standart type of cat in central and eastern europe :D

@sebastianfischer429 5 жыл бұрын

@@JanKowalski-ic6np Haha, everyone that I know that has cats, doesnt have British Short Hair Cats. (Germany, Saxony)

@JUANKERR2000 5 жыл бұрын

I'm puzzled, the cat is like you?

@JanKowalski-ic6np 5 жыл бұрын

@@sebastianfischer429 So what type of cat has got people near you? I don't know if it is British Shorthair cat, i thought that it was normal "roof" cat :)

@sebastianfischer429 5 жыл бұрын

@@JanKowalski-ic6np They have tabby cats, Eurpoean Shorthair and German Longhair.

@lkahfi 5 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for this explanation! It's help me to understand how it's work, especially the PID of the feedback system

@grigoreman7198 4 жыл бұрын

You are a very good teacher. Thanks.

@longrunner258 3 жыл бұрын

Regarding that arrangement error with the NTC thermistor, I think I've now seen the correct implementation of what they've apparently butchered-down: One of the old ATX power supplies I have, a Hipro HP-300SN (probably fairly "high-end" in 1998 when it was designed according to the PCB, though underwhelming by the standards of modern reviewers; now salvaged for parts), used a *pair* of NTC thermistors (each 2R5 nominal; it's common enough in other units to use just one such thermistor which I consider marginal on 230V) in the + and − terminals of the diode bridge; so that the 100~127V input range charges the capacitors through the 2.5Ω on their respective sides, while the 200~250V range charges the pair through the total 5Ω, thereby allowing a more forgiving compromise between maximum inrush and dissipation under load. So perhaps someone later copied such a design, then removed one thermistor without understanding the reason behind the arrangement.

@homemade83 5 жыл бұрын

amazing keep going we need the push pull topology too

@prathikprashanth2932 5 жыл бұрын

a phenomenal job by you and your cat! you guys never disappoint!

@paranoidandroid9511 4 жыл бұрын

Fantadtic video. Great job at explaining. Only thing i would like is to have pictures of the components on screen as you talk about them in the diagram. Thank you again.

@baylorx6436 4 жыл бұрын

You, sir, are the hero I need.

@adamlipsky8010 5 жыл бұрын

We want Q+A!!! 100k subscribers have been achieved!

@guilhemedemassenaladario 5 жыл бұрын

Another amazing video!

@electronic7979 5 жыл бұрын

Very useful video. Thank you so much

@sohail0275 4 жыл бұрын

Your videos are very informative, thanxforyourteaching

@jeffm2787 2 жыл бұрын

Great stuff. The US hasn't used 110 volts since the 80's. 120 volts is the spec these days. (120/120) 240 split phase for most residential homes. Sometimes 208 (120) three phase in some apartment buildings. Commercial buildings is almost always three phase. I see 122-123 volts most of the time at outlets, 245 split phase. Just a center tapped transformer with the neutral as the center tap. Not that any of this matters.

@TestTest-fs6eh 5 жыл бұрын

Congratulations. Good job.

@Flapjackbatter 5 жыл бұрын

Top notch video. Examples are crucual for effective and complete learning. I think.

@andrewsmith3081 5 жыл бұрын

Another brilliant walkthrough, thanks!

@mikeoliver3254 5 жыл бұрын

Can you mod it to a bench power supply and take us through how To do it? Great video man.

@DiodeGoneWild 5 жыл бұрын

Thanks :) I definitely plan to do so :)

@nikiamz6501 5 жыл бұрын

Good idea!

@teslakovalaborator 5 жыл бұрын

@@DiodeGoneWild Show us your 80's PSU with tracking. I found it really Interesting and efficient method of regulation.

@simontay4851 5 жыл бұрын

if this can be modded sucessfully, i will buy the same PSU and do the mod as well. A 0-30V, 0-10A bench PSU would be very useful.

@felixcat4346 5 жыл бұрын

Don't mod this use a ATX power supply using this chip so thousands of discarded power supplies will be saved from the dump by your viewers. Include the extra parts to regulate the current.

@mehrdadrahaaei3068 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Great description Just two point: 1- I think two 1N4007 diodes (series with 10 ohm resistors) direction, is wrong. 2- Resistor 2.2 ohm in feedback path may protect TL494 from over voltage coming from positive rail, through 3.3nF ). But, for this reason 2.2 ohm is too low, may be it's value was higher, say 1K or 2.2K ohm.

@lightbulbgonewild3205 2 жыл бұрын

This schematic looks bloody complex but this is basically as simple a half bridge switching power supply can get.

@mcflapper7591 2 жыл бұрын

still eager to see the SMPS to Lab PS conversion ;-)

@rmjnm Жыл бұрын

Great explanation.

@omsingharjit 4 жыл бұрын

Your videos are extremely Knowledgeable and informative thanks :)

@damny0utoobe 4 жыл бұрын

I love the reverse engineering aspect you cover in your channel.

@Peltio 5 жыл бұрын

I'm watching this while drinking Becherovka and digesting a Medovnik honey cake I ate five weeks ago :-). Wonderful explanation, I wonder if you could also show the noise in the output in some other video...

@mixxxtahede6522 3 жыл бұрын

You are my master sir...thank you sir...👍👍👍

@andiyladdie3188 5 жыл бұрын

Outstanding explanations and schematic, very nice, try to explain in another video, boost pfc circuit.

@mostafashahwan9864 3 жыл бұрын

Wonderful and great work

@dardosordi 4 жыл бұрын

I love this videos, you make this hard topics very easy to understand. Please, change the color balance of your camera from 'auto' to a fixed (hopefully calibrated) value. Thanks!

@sumitmamoria 3 жыл бұрын

Awesome video. Am I the only one who thinks if a great video is already "half-hour" long, it should be extended by another "half-hour" ? :)

@anirbanchakraborty3081 5 жыл бұрын

Best explanation...

@AgentOffice 2 жыл бұрын

Beautiful ripple

@dipubiswas8520 2 жыл бұрын

very well explained

@vahidfahimi8373 2 жыл бұрын

It would be great if you explained the step by step when one transistor turns on and how energies the core and the polarity of the voltage in the windings and how randomly both transistor dont turn on at the same time i will be thankful if you explain that in another video you always explain flyback in complete details never done half bridge

@miquel9898 5 жыл бұрын

Congrats FOR 100K DANYK!! Please QnA / face reveal. btw your cat is cute :) and i like your handwritten font your videos are very educational and your website too so much good schematics in one place thanks for that.

@teslakovalaborator 5 жыл бұрын

Jako QnA bych taky ocenil. Odhalit nemá co, však se podívej na jeho webu. Doufejme, že to QnA nedopadne takto: danyk.cz/otazky.html :D

@franzliszt8576 3 жыл бұрын

He has already done a face reveal

@miquel9898 3 жыл бұрын

@@franzliszt8576 i did realized that already :)

@franzliszt8576 3 жыл бұрын

@@miquel9898 yes on his website ;)

@miquel9898 3 жыл бұрын

@@franzliszt8576 yep

@1fertube 5 жыл бұрын

Excellent explanation!

@kwazar6725 5 жыл бұрын

So cool. Just the way i like it!!!! Brings back memories!!! Now show us how to design the tl494 down to pn material. Please.

@kwazar6725 5 жыл бұрын

Qq where do i put current limit pot on pin 16? Vref vdiv low?

@ivannepomuceno4757 4 жыл бұрын

Waiting for part 3!

@supul32 4 жыл бұрын

Well explained. Love your cat and the dog

@manickn6819 5 жыл бұрын

I was just playing around with a free server power supply I got so right now I am all in on this topic. Thanks. I will put up the final "hack" on YT for anyone who happens to come across a similar supply. As it stands now i could not find any info on that particular power supply. Nothing even close actually.