I find Rusyn interesting how it's isolated from other East Slavic languages (except in Ukraine). I wonder how they got to having two different communities though?

@@AvrahamYairStern I need to look into it myself

@@CheLanguages people migrated to Panninain plain at ~1740 to repopulate the are, which was devastated by the recent war, so lots of other ethnicities are also ended up there. The modern-day Vojvodina has Romanian, Slovak, Rusyn, Hungarian communities living in nearby villages because of that.

@@myhal-k I found a similar explanation when I looked it up myself. It explains why a lot of these populations seem "mixed-up" for lack of a better term

@@CzasowAnton what does that have to do with anything? I just said I find Rusyn interesting

Wait for part two, coming this Friday...

@@CheLanguages Will be expecting it

Sorb is an ethnicity, Lusatian is the language.

@@Judah132 not necessarily..

*Yes*

Ooo that's an interesting way of preserving the language. I'm glad Kashubian gets the protection it does, hopefully the same for Silesian will happen someday

@@CheLanguages Silesian here. Would be cool to see that, but it looks like we're too fragmented in our abundance of Silesian dialects. We can barely even agree how to write our language, let alone work out a common ground for standardization. It's gonna die out in the next century. Nowadays the capital of Silesia, Katowice, is becoming more and more Polish by the day. To see real Silesia you gotta go to places like Radzionków or Bytom.

@@adamhorzowski5867 unless a significant revival movement picks up, you're right. But it will only die out if you keep that attitude, instead you could encourage those around you to speak it, teach it to your children, encourage a standard to be developed etc.

@@CheLanguages Oh, believe me, I am speaking the language and encouraging people around me to speak it as well. It’s just that I’m just observing the reality here, which is looking bleak. Add to that the fact that unlike in western countries, speaking a dialect, which is how Silesian is treated, means you’re uneducated. The social stigma, if it exists in western countries, is faaaaar less present than here.

@@adamhorzowski5867 yes, similar stigmas have existed in the past. What is important is to try and break those stigmas, usually they happen when it is almost too late sadly

I agree, a lot of Slavic people in general have nice flags

it is pretty much a flag of Gagauzia with Zakarpattia bear put on it

Yea

@@CheLanguages true

@@CheLanguages I love the Slovakian flag especially

You might be right, I've heard Ukraine's government see it as one of their own dialects. They have bigger things to worry about right now I guess

yes, unfortunately, the idea that the Carpatho-Ruthenian language is indeed a language is not popular among the Ukrainian population and is rather a triggering topic. there will be a lot, i hope you'll manage to read it: i, personally, consider this language as a language. and i think it is a great part of our cultural heritage. an indigenous nation to Ukraine, same as Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars, and Karaïms. Carpatho-Ruthenian is still very similar to Ukrainian. but Belarusian also is, sometimes even more, and it is a different language. i understand Carpatho-Ruthenian well, except for some really vernacular words, but i wouldn't be able to produce a speech in it. Carpatho-Ruthenian has similar phonetics to Ukrainian, but has some specific features, and some of these features distinctly show the connection with Slovak. the thing is, the history of the region is complicated, and the identity of the people there is complex as well. first of all, Zakarpattia (Subcarpathian Ruthenia/Carpatho-Ukraine) is a multicultural region, where, apart from Ukrainians and Carpatho-Ruthenians, other ethnic groups such as Hungarians, Romanians, Romani, Slovaks, and Germans live. it is the most ethnically diverse region in Ukraine, maybe only Budzhak (South Bessarabia) could compete. secondly, there are really different opinions about the identity of the local Slavs, whether they are Ukrainians or Carpatho-Ruthenians, or both. most of them consider themselves Ukrainians but with a strong local identity. and there is the question, how much is such a perception influenced by the fact they were always subordinate to some state and how much is it a free choice. in fact, Ruthenians was used as an ethnonym for Ukrainians by Ukrainians until 20th century. this is confusing as well, because we are all Ruthenians, but we may well be distinct ethnic groups. the thing is, if i say "but we are really so close, just some historical separation created this presumably false division", it really resembles russian propaganda to me. well, it is not really correct to put equals between the two situations, we were never a coloniser and an imperialist, but there are some similarities if we say "no, you are not yourself, you are part of us, someone is just dividing us, your language is not your language". i don't want my nation and my country to diminish some unique identity. that's my position: it may be somehow harmful, but we have to respect the distinct features of the region and its history. i want people not to be ashamed of their regional varieties, if that's indeed the case that their culture is perceived as "just a regional variety of Ukrainian, some strange dialect, which is ours, but at the same time somehow harmful". the problem is, we think it will provoke the issue of separatism. the perception of "political Carpatho-Ruthenianism", as it is sometimes called, is bad in Ukraine. why? because there are some noticeable russian-paid self-declared "leaders" of Carpatho-Ruthenians, who represent this ethnic group as russophile separatists. and it may well be right to be aware of implications, but at the same time it is what russian propaganda wants us to think: "look, Carpatho-Ruthenians, Ukrainians oppress you. look, Ukrainians, those Carpatho-Ruthenians are all separatists". this creates antagonism and may provoke tension. unfortunately, such people spoil the impression of Carpatho-Ruthenians and their identity question. the people there should feel freer to express their identity. whether they want to regard themselves as ethnic Ukrainians or a distinct ethnic group, they are still Ukrainians, Ukrainian citizens with the same rights, freedoms, and obligations to common well-being. anyway, they were never and never will be the same threat to our identity and territorial integrity as russia and russians. i just don't want us to be similar to them in terms of denying someone's identity. what i want is for Carpatho-Ruthenian is to be recognised as a language, an inseparable cultural heritage of Ukraine, one of our treasures, and to have legal protection. i am not calling for some territorial autonomy because that is indeed bad in our context. but culturally their culture and its uniqueness should be protected as much as any regional variety of ethnic Ukrainian culture, or any other unique variety of other ethnicities' culture in Ukraine. you may understand, we have a veeeeery strong reaction when our territorial integrity is questioned. we fought for long to get our independence and our borders. due to foreign claims on our land, mostly historical people react immediately, when we are threatened. in fact, no neighbour other than russia has official claims on our lands or even talks about it, except... currently, Hungary's actions and statements are raising these concerns. not that we think that they are capable of attacking us. just the fact they use the Hungarian minority to destabilise the situation in the region and even block some international initiatives of cooperation in Ukraine. i know Ukraine is not perfect in terms of minority language protection, and it does not sound entirely democratic if you look from the outside. but the reason for that is that we are protecting what is ours from these historical aspirations. when Hungary openly shares their grievances about the territory it once controlled, it provokes a reaction from Ukraine. the reaction may be presumed unfair from others' perspective, and then we get blamed. yet, our context is important to understand. we should be treated with respect in this case. i don't think we have any hostility towards our neighbours. and if there is no reason given, we would not be that 'protective' and 'blocking' my ideas may be naïve, and they for sure will trigger someone in Ukraine. but anyway, now it is really not the time to raise this issue, unfortunately for enthusiasts of the Carpatho-Ruthenian identity. now it would be really harmful for my state to raise this question and destabilise. i know that people from Zakarpattia are fighting right now in the East for independent and democratic Ukraine, and they don't want this question to be raised now either. i hope we will succeed. and later it will be rewarded, i believe. and Carpatho-Ruthenian will be recognised and protected in, as you said, a strong, free, and pluralistic Ukraine.

@@vposviatenko Great to see your thoughts. I lived a little bit in UKR around 2015, and loved the country's spirit and diversity. Many countries go through these one-language, one-nation paradigms but they end up regretting it decades or centuries later, or it even ends up creating more antagonism than it was meant to resolve. I think of France, Spain, Czechoslovakia, countless others, including the USSR itself in many ways. Going back to UKR, even the Russian speakers should be respected, because as we have seen, and what the imperialist fascists in Russia ignore is that so many native Russian speakers in UKR are Ukrainians above all in their sense of patriotism. I make a big distinction between patriotism and nationalism, and generally find patriotism inclusive and nationalism exclusive. For now, of course, the objective is clear to rid UKR of those forces trying to destroy it, and those should not be confused with those wishing to preserve its diversity. The RUS imperialists, were, for the most part, often bent on destroying Ukraine's diversity, trying to submit every type of East Slavic language into a single-Moscow based Russian language as the lead roof language that would eventually even erode disglossia. It was horrible, either de jure, de facto, or both, with perhaps only a few exceptional years across decades or centuries. It would be sad, ironic and paradoxical if this sense of Ukrainian nationalism eventually intends to do the same, especially after Ukrainians of all types, Jews, Christians, Muslims, from Tatars, ethnic Bulgars, Russian speakers, Caucasus immigrants, gays, and the list is long, have demonstrated such passion and drive to defend UKR and its precious democracy. I trust that this diversity will be preserved, strengthened, because it further the democratic spirit of freedom of this amazing land, and make it truly a stronger, more prosperous country.

@@vposviatenko о, дякую, що ви це сказали, я такої же думки. Ви так правильно розклали це по поличкам, мені б це не вдалося 😅

im Germany so many people speak Bavarian, Schwabian or even Leipzisch(!), but nevertheless there are only very different and difficult dialects of German language...

Thank you for this perspective, it's interesting that a distinction be made between the written and spoken language

@@CheLanguages Ah, that was not my point. I meant that this ,,pure" Silesian language is more often visible in the written form - because there are many non-Silesians in Silesia itself, most of the time the social groups are mixed so Silesians usually use Polish or this mixed dialect in order to be understood fully, and whilst the language itself is the same in the spoken form, it's just harder to find it because most Silesians only really speak it when they're with other Silesians (especially the older generations since back in the day kids used to be severely punished in schools for using Silesian instead of Polish so they learned not to use it when talking to Poles)

Glad to see you here, Silcord admin.

so kinda like English, Scottish English and Scots?

@@enderman_666 that's potentially a good comparison

It seems to be a real melting pot of languages. There was (is?) a dialect of German also known as Silesian that was spoken widely in the region before the war.

​@@CheLanguages Unfortunately these other languages are so small the chance of them surviving is pretty slim. On the other hand there are many Ukrainians in Lower Silesia, they learn Polish very fast (especially if they speak Ukrainian and not Russian). I'm looking forward to seeing Polish and Ukrainian influence each other in the future.

@@jakubbartczuk3956 they could potentially influence each other, but due to dialect leveling, it's more likely they'll all just learn Modern Standard Polish

@@CheLanguages Almost all natives were moved from Lower Silesia to Germany after WWII by Soviets. There were only few very Germanized speakers in these areas. Prussia was perfuming very active Germanization. Current Lower Silesia residents are Polish moved from Podole and other parts of today Ukraine.

This video shows a cluster of Ruthenians-Lemkos in Lower Silesia, who consider themselves the Carpatorusins.

Woohoo to your dad! I'm glad Kashubian is now considered a language indeed, it has lead to it being taken seriously and thus being better preserved. I liked your anecdote, thank you for your comment!

@@CheLanguages There is also Kashubian Radio in Poland. Also streaming on the internet.

@@pawelzielinski1398 ah that's good. Another commenter told me that there is a video game being made that will be solely in the Kashubian language too

Well yes, it seems there are lots of dialects and subdialects of Silesian. How someone speaks in a city is always different to someone from a village due to mixing in a larger continuüm of languages. Interesting anecdote you gave me there, thank you for your comment!

​​​​​@@CheLanguages Polish got unified geatly due to internal migrations caused by XX cent wars and changes of borders, migration from villages to big cities. In XIX th century the differencies between dialects were sometimes stronger, than between today's standard Polish and Silesian dialect. Righ now Polish is very homogenous. Besides, there was strong geemanisation pressure, influencing on vocabulary. Silesia was cut off from Poland since XIV century, but till XVII Century diverges into small duchies, governed by Princes deriving from Piasts, first Polish ruling dynasty. They got gradually germanized, but simple people have spoken their dialect of Polish.

@@rafasekowski321 yes, I've read similar explanations elsewhere. I hope the languages and dialects will persist

Oh interesting. I've gotten a lot of similar comments too

"Laughing in Czechoslovak"

Thank you man, I appreciate it! I hope you find my other videos interesting and informative. Have a great day!

@@CheLanguages And pronunciation is very correct.

@@robertab929 really? I had some commenters complain about my pronunciation (despite me making it clear I'm not an expert on Slavic languages, only having dabbled in a bit of Croatian, Polish and Ukrainian in the past)

@@CheLanguages Now you try to read in Polish: Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz W Szczebrzeszynie chrząszcz brzmi w trzcinie and in Czech: krk :)

@@robertab929 HAHAHA I know that reference!

Thanks for the support!!!

Yea, silesian sounds like if your ol' uncle from village would talk to you Lmao, i love to hear it spoken, especially with that heavy accent

It's good to hear actual Polish natives telling me their views on Silesian. I've had a couple of people say they understand it and one saythey don't, it could be to do with the dialect of Polish the people in my commens speak maybe?

@@CheLanguages Probably, although I think that being a bookworm nerd with humanistic education (and therefore slightly broader than average vocabulary) is what helps in my case. Also, it seems to me that Silesian is more distinctive in writing (depending on which of the proposed standards of spelling is it using) than in speech. And knowing a tiny bit of German also helps a lot in understanding Silesian.

@@Artur_M. Yes, in a similar sense there are dialects of English I can understand due to my education and knowledge of Germanic origins of the language (I can also read Middle English, it's part of a module at my University) whereas an average speaker might struggle to understand something like "Ik ken dat thi a-walkt al the way hirr by thisen" spoken in a thick country accent

@@Artur_M. Silesia is just retarded Polish, nothing else.

Thanks for the correction! It was hard to find any detailed maps without searching on niche websites.

@@CheLanguages my friends are now telling me that the map on wiki is also not precise enough, but sadly seems like the more realistic map is just not on the internet yet. Anyway, what we need to know here, is that the actual republic was quite tiny, and the map you stiched to the vid could mislead people.

@@myhal-k thank you for the clarification. But I wouldn't worry about misleading people as this is a channel about languages, not a quick mention of a short-lived republic in the Carpathian mountains. I talk about languages and that's the main focus here. Thank you for pointing it out though!

​@@myhal-k Yes, this map covers entire powiats that were at least partly inhabited by Lemkos. F.e. although there were only 2 Rusyn villages in powiat nowotarski, (I'm not even sure if they had any control over them), the whole is marked.

У всіх місцях, в яких згадується русинська мова Мигаль пише комментар, це вже традиція ;)

I didn't find anything about that in my research, could you provide me some link or something where I can read more about it?

@@Tsinilas thank you, though I will have to translate the article

​@@CheLanguages Greetings, I'm a Siberiak who also speaks the Slavic Siberian language, natively known as sibirskoj govor. There's actually a video on it on English KZfaq: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/hNJ2qLp1rZ-9gGg.html My channel contains Siberian covers on different songs. There's also a huge video on it by Jaroslav Zolotariov (our Siberian linguist/philologist), but it's fully in Russian (you don't speak any Slavic languages, as you said in the video). I can help you out with providing you more information on our minority language. Just ignore the anti-Siberian pro-Kremlin propaganda that claims our language to be a «conlang» while we clearly codify it using actual Siberian dialect dictionaries.

@@siberiancovers8966 are you the guy who joined the server? Thank you for providing me this link

@@CheLanguages Yes, I am, and no problem 😁

An interesting take without politics. The important thing is to preserve these tongues, whether languages or dialects of their own.

As a Goral i agree. My Polish teacher used to even say that she can tell which village we come from based on our pronounciation of vowels.

@@etnogor Interesting

It was the political isolation, and hence cultural isolation that created the Silesian and Kashubian languages, after all, the Silesian Piasts did not speak Silesian. In addition, in those regions of Silesia that returned to Poland after Poland regained the status of the Kingdom, I mean the Duchy of Oswiecim, Zator, Toszek, Polish and Czech were still used, to the extent that it was an office language, unlike the rest Kingdom of Poland, in which the official language, i.e. the office language at that time, was Latin.

​@@CheLanguages separation between a language and a dialect is definetly a political issue. Look at differencies between German "dialects" vs Slovak/Czech differencies, or "differencies" between Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian.

That's a lot! Thank you for your comment!

Yeah, Silesian is a tough puzzle to solve. I think there's a greater factor of historical sovereignty of Silesia that has to be taken into account to truly understand not only why the modern (lets say, mutually compelled by both Polish and German as complete) Silesian is the way it is. I say it is likely that a lot of historical records were lost and the region has been recognized throughout the history as more or less independant depending on the politics of the particular moment, but it solely is a speculstion of mine. I'd be placing my bet on Silesians being the descendants of the Nurs or Nuric tribes. Nurowie, and later on joined the coalition of other Western tribes of Sarmatia

Yes, Serbia are doing a good job of preserving it. By "forgotten", I mean languages that are often ignored within the Slavic branch to the outside world

Actually, it is Russian, not Rusyn

@@kimrizo1938 I don't get it.. What is Russian ? Rusyn is Russian?

@@beyondrecall9446 yes, they are, they lived in RUS (Russian Kingdom as a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( now Belarus)and they used the adjective Ruskiy, Ruska, later the most part of them were renamed to Ukrainians, and the less part remained Rusins, but their language was renamed to Rusynski.

I don't get the logic of what you're saying... Are (were) Prissians Russians , too, cos that's where their name comes from, and they were a Balt-Slavic tribe.. ? I mean, they arent even in same branch I'studying both on college since I study Russian in Serbia but don't get what you're saying, really

Do you know which dialect of Silesian you speak? Also this video is really just a sequel to my Forgotten Romance languages series, I recommend those to you

@@CheLanguages Literally idk wich dialect im speaking, but it's most likely the one from nearby Chorzów. You can also make a video about forgotten Germanic languages, in wich you can tell people about languages like Wymysorys/Vilamovian (Wymysiöeryś) wich is currently in a proces of revitalization. Or about Alzenau/Halcnovian (aljznerisch/altsnerisch) dialect wich is currently dying (in 2016 there were 8 elderly speakers of this tongue. The oldest one was 90 years old and the youngest one 75 years old).

@@Kapix320 I've lots more videos planned, I'm in the process of making part two for this video as we speak

@@Kapix320 You speak gliwicki subdialect of Silesian dialect contnuum of Polish language. Professor Miodek calls it industrial Silesian dialect :)

Kashubian definitely needs more love

Good

Gazoontight once again hath spoketh, Thus a sequel will not meet it's death, By splitting the video into halves, There'll be more to know about the Slavs...

@@CheLanguages I render mine gratitude unto thee, O Student of Language!

Thank you for your comment! This is really interesting!

Is that an archeopteryx in your coat of arms? :) (no offence, by the way, I had a good friend from Cieszyn)

@@pawelwysocki1581 Hhh it's the Teschin Eagle, maybe it does look like it though

@@ekstraworszt6792 I'll keep that in mind for the future :) "Teschin" - brings to mind the adjective "Czeski", that's no coincidence, I presume. Matejko was originally Czech, although he and his sons considered themselves Poles and were very patriotic.

@@pawelwysocki1581 The name is from German actually. Teschen is the German name of the capital city, so I use "Teschin" as an adjective. Teschenian sounds weird

I'm glad you liked the video! Also, we seem to be named after the same Ché LOL. It's my middle name, my father is a communist bruh

@@CheLanguages Lol fair enough, Ché is a great name though to be fair regardless of political views but yeah keep up the good work, mate. I've subscribed.

@@npche9865 Thank you!

I've become familiar with the word gwara due to many comments I got here. Maybe the Silesian language could once again spread into Lower Silesia

Silesian was never spoken in Lower Silesia

@@newagpesa8711 i wouldn't say never, but it was mostly spoken in Upper Silesia

It is sad. Which dialect of Silesian do you speak?

@@CheLanguages Teschin, I told you in another comment :)

@@ekstraworszt6792 ah yes I remember now, it's really cool that some Silesian speakers actually found this video and decided to comment

That's great to have Silesians here! There have been a few in my comments. Do you know which dialect you speak?

@@CheLanguages Yeah but there had been "recognised" a new dialect by many Silesian regionalist organisatoons It is Gorzycan Silesian.

@@nasion420 very cool

Glad to hear it! Have a great day my friend!

I talk about it in one of my forgotten Romance Languages videos, you can find it there

I thought so originally until I looked up pronunciation which told me a 'tch' sound

@@myhal-k I didn't check Wiktionary, I should have done. I checked the article of Lechitic languages which gave an IPA transcription for the English name, so technically I am using the English pronunciation not the authentic one

I was already wondering, if there are any. It must be an interesting mix of accents.

I'll probably dedicate a video of its own to Kna'anic as part of my Jewish languages series

@@thomasruhm1677 I've never actually heard of Kna'anic. As pointed out here, it's extinct sadly

@@CheLanguages If you revive Kna’anic, I will mention it here and there.

@@thomasruhm1677 So I'm almost done making a part 2 to this video. Basically, we don't know enough about Kna'anic to even revive a full sentence, never mind the entire language. Maybe future research will allow us to find more samples of the language, but for now, no revival is in our sights. However, another extinct Slavic language called Polabian is currently undergoing efforts of revival!

Watch my part 2

Glad to hear you found it interesting! Always nice hearing from you!

The Ukrainian government sees is as a West Ukrainian dialect. It is descended from this but is now distinct enough, but you will find many comments disputing this

I wonder what it's called in Silesian?

@@CheLanguages Dżabl/džabl ;-) I grew up not far from there and loved it how different the Silesian language/dialect was depending on where exactly you were. And also if you think of Cieszyn/Český Těšín then the Silesian language is totally different. I have also tried to use the Silesian language with people either from Poland or Czech Republic that have never been exposed to it and sometimes they could understand the basics or the general idea but sometimes they couldn't understand at all. It makes me think I kind of know one more language ;-)

@@user-fi4yd2kf6g oh how interesting. So at some point the /j/ in Jablunkov was originally a dj? It's awesome to have someone who speaks Silesian here, what did you think of the video?

@@user-fi4yd2kf6g I live very close to the place and I have never heard that name, that doesn't even sound like Silesian. Jabłónków is the name here, but I am not sure. Polish and Czech governments changed the original names after the split of the Dutchy, so I can't be sure

It was (maybe still is?) used by young people only. Never heard an older person calling it this way.

There is a part two, check my channel and let me know what you think of it!

There's already a part two, check it out on my channel and let me know what you think!

Thank you for telling me about this, I didn't actually know about it!

Albanian isn't Slavic though...

@@CheLanguages hahahaha, jebo si mu majku 🤣🤣🤣, pozdrav iz srbije

Of course yes

That's awesome! Have a great day!

I mentioned Sorbian spoken in Texas in part 2, but I didn't think Silesian existed in Texas

That's why I mention that they're only spoken in the Southeast if you listen carefully

@@CheLanguagesYeah, I noticed when I watched 2nd time :) But please listen to the first sentence about Silesian. It is misleading. Later you explain that it is only part of Silesia, but you should say in the first sentence that Silesian is spoken only in the East part of Silesia. German media (like Deutsche Welle) are using this map to show the range of Silesian "language". But they tend to forget that Prussia and Germany killed Silesian dialect and Polish in Lower Silesia. Silesian dialect in Upper Silesia was next to disappear; it was saved by the fact that Prussia did not have enough time to kill it.

It's probably absorbed features from being present in Serbia all this time. All Slavic languages are much more mutually intelligible than say Germanic languages or Romance languages, so that's another explanation. Thank you for your comment and have a great day!

Maybe I'll include the Friesian languages in my Germanic video

Go and watch part 2, more languages are talked about there

I am aware, they just see them as West Ukrainians

I might have far more to talk about in the future dw

@@CheLanguages Nice. By the way. I have noticed that this video has (or will have soon) more views that all other videos on your channel taken together. Congratulations!

@@robertab929 Thank you! And I noticed you keep coming back here to comment, it's nice to see you so involved with our community. You might have contributed to 1,000 of the views HAHA. But in all seriousness, this video has given me the motivation to make videos again and come back to KZfaq for good. Be sure to check out my other content and tell any of your friends or family who might also like my content about my channel

I'm glad to say you now have it! I hope you enjoyed Pyetier Groiffen of Quahog, Rhode Island!

You're right yes, though the difference orthography would indicate that they were not allophones of the same phoneme to me

I know! It's crazy how similar they are, it definitely shows how Interslavic is such a successful conlang, because the Slavic languages are so close together!

And also, it's great to have another Polish viewer! Uczę się polskiego! 🇮🇱💪🏼🇵🇱

What for the next video coming out on Friday

I'll look into it, thank you for the information, I'd not heard about it before.

So by your definition is Silesian a dialect or a language?

Also interesting to know that it's similar to Greater Poland's dialect! Thank you for this comment

@@CheLanguages both. It's dialect of polish language and it's language. By my definition dialect can be called "sublanguage", analogically to "subset" or "subsystem". If some people put more stress on calling it language or dialect is a resulat of political sympathies. Movement of Autonomy of Silesia emphasizes language notion, the rest - rather dialect. But in general polish dialects are very similar to each other and it's matter of sectonds to adjust to someone speech. Some particular words may be unknown to people from other regions and sometimes some people have strong local accent (like highlanders or eastern borderland people) but you can always ask for repeating this or that. Silesian have more german borrowings, resembling this way creole (or pidgin?) but it's not so different to be completely unintelligible. Kashubian can be treated as different language without bigger controversies but it's when you don't take in account some local intermediate variations similar to polish dialects. It is continuum. As to silesian dialect we can mention also "gwary laskie" - lachs' dialects. It is variation on czech side resembling more czech or some mix of czech and polish dialects. It's different from silesian in Poland. It's worth to mention that polish dialects are vanishing and are preserved in some regions and villages or towns. It causes that young people don't know how it really looked not so long time ago when it comes to dialectical variation in Poland so it can be easier to convince someone that that silesian is different language from polish and not "sublanguage". There was some kind of ostracism due to speaking local dialects so people from countryside were ashamed and switched to general polish.

Even some which aren't extinct. If you, the viewers, want me to make a part two, all that is needed is to ask...

@@CheLanguages Sure why not. Btw, are you planning to do some etymology videos? I find etymologies interesting, also loan words and 'wandering words' (aka Wanderwort) fascinate me.

@@Keskitalo1 I had an etymology series, but it was really unpopular. I privated some of the videos and decided never to go there again, I struggled to pull over 100 views each for any of those videos (this was the same time I was getting an average of over 600 views per video, oh the Golden Age...). There wasn't much demand for it, people like my language profile videos. I could do one video with lots of interesting etymologies in though, as it's a really interesting subject in general and I love etymology!

* mad Polish goverment noises *

Yes, save Polish dialects from Upper Silesia, Podlasie, Podhale. And save Kashubian language!

Do you mean Cieszyn Silesian or Upper Silesian dialect? Or maybe other dialect :) These dialects are very different.

Please do highlight some of the differences between them using Slavic words only, that would be great. Any grammatical differences too would be appreciated

@@CheLanguages Grammarly (at least): 1. Vestigial old aorist - in past tenses Silesian use mostly ending -ch - instead of Polish -m. In some variances there is also an extra personal form "żech", that sounds similar to the polish "żem" (which is connected że (so that, that) and ending -m). Kevin Hannan in 'Analogical Change in West Slavic Be' tries to extend that idea. He mentioned dialects from Silesia, Little Poland, Moravia, and Slovakia that shaped the root respectfully to themselves. 2. Showing respect to an older person by using a plural form (classical T-V distinction) which is called 'dwojanie' (doubling) is 1 person plural, this is still used in some languages/dialects for ex. Lemko-Rusyn is called двоіти [dwoity]. In Silesian, there is also the use of 3 person plural - to show even more respect (and it's called 'trojanie'). However, this is slowly considered archaic. 3. Syntax is influenced by Germanic languages - in structure for ex. using infinitive form of the verb in sentences for ex. 'Ôna boła sam stŏć' (She was stand there) comparing to Polish: 'Ona tam stała'. But I don't think is only exclusive to Silesian. 4. In the Genitive case the feminine noun is changed differently (depending if the consonant is soft or hard) than in Polish. Phonologically (some only): 1. Depends on the dialect, but Silesian (as well as Masurian) keeps ř. EDIT: by that I mean that consonants: [ r̝ ] and [ r̝̊ ] END EDIT 2. There is also palatalization of the letter o at the beginning of the word - which in the proposed standard is written as "ô". However, this happened also in some Podhalan dialects/languages. 3. Softened clusters like 'trzi', 'czi' instead of "trzy", 'czy" Lexia is one of the most interesting aspects for me. As you mentioned there is Texas Silesian, and they use some vocabulary that is mostly based on old words and is understandable for ex famous 'airplane' they called it "furgocz' from verb "furgać" (fly in narrow sense), which -at least for me - fit perfectly. Now I'll write one thing in Silesian if there is any Polish person please wrote me what I mean. Prawie poradzã pisać po naszymu. Beztôż aże boła szkolorkã na prywantnyje lekcyje, mogã to ônaczyć. Skuli mie takiy cosik niy śmie być ino jako bery abo bojki, a na isto. Everything is using only Slavic vocabulary :)

@@Yuritsuki666 I thank you very much, this is helpful!

@@CheLanguagesYou welcome! I'm curious if You speak in some minority language :) Till then in Silesian: Chōw siã! Pyrsk! [Stay healthly! Bye!]

@@Yuritsuki666 I wish I spoke some minority language, but all the languages I speak are widely spoken. However, some of the languages I speak are not spoken by anyone else in my city, or very rarely, so I sometimes feel like this speaker of a minority language LOL, like when I speak Hebrew in public

I have been informed thusly. At least it shows the Rusyn land

Sorry, I don't understand what you wrote. Could you translate that?

@@CheLanguages Long live all our dear and beautiful Slavic people! Love to all of you from Serbia.

@@bobilaforce2056 Amen

Слов'янські народи - українська, білоруська, польська, чеська, словацька, словенська, сербська,хорватська, боснійська, болгарська, македонська. Більше немає слов'ян.

@@vitaliyryabchik русских забыл.

Shalom! Do you speak Silesian?

@@CheLanguages Yes I do, but I can't to write in Silesian.

I'm glad you gave me and example, that was useful. Thank you for your comment!

Thank you!

Wait for my next video.....

Officially, it's not a dead language, but even in Belarus' more then half of all people in Belarus' speaks Russian, not Belarusian

@@user-io1do3fl7v Wait for part 2, I go into a lot more detail about that...

Wait for my next video, coming out on Friday...

@@CheLanguages You can also mention about extinct Polabian language which was spoken East of Elbe river north of Lusatia/Łużyce. Polabian was close to Pomeranian language (Kashubian is part of Pomeranian). People in Lower Austria (Vienna, Linz) also spoke Slavic language. Even Czech was close to extinction. Germanization process was very intensive. You can look for German phrase "Drang nach Osten". Maybe helpful: kzfaq.info/sun/PLbGtNUME__2d_LgaN7glLvmX5u0V10YCn kzfaq.info/sun/PLe8_D1F40P31HqdvsGfBceH6_5G9NJXea kzfaq.info/get/bejne/jJuegZVmmsm8p30.html

@@robertab929 wait for my next video, you will see....

@Robert AB Polabian language belonged to the same group as Polish and Pomeranian- Kashubian, i.e. to the Lechite group,

That is correct yes

When I say forgotten in these videos, I mean to the outside world. In the Slavic world, they are well known, but the average person outside of Slavic Europe will have never heard of Rusyn or Silesian. If history had gone differently and Silesia was (still) and independent state, then it would probably be a well-known fact that it's state language is Silesian to outsiders, much like people know that Polish is the language of Poland, whereas if you showed them a map just over 100 years ago, the average person would assume that Russian is the main language spoken in Poland for instance.

Do you speak Silesian at all? Thank you for the comment

@@CheLanguages I speak Silesian at home and Polish too.

@@Piotrek1985PL interesting. Have a great day!

@@CheLanguages Thank you the same for you. Where are you from?

@@Piotrek1985PL I live in the UK, you might be able to tell from my accent

Bear in mind, Silesian language was suppressed and heavily Polonized after WWII to today

I'm sorry, I don't understand. I tried to translate it but it didn't make sense

I'm sure you could still learn it from conversation with native speakers. That's so cool that you live there!!

Glad to have you here!

🇺🇦❤️🖤🇸🇮🇭🇷🇸🇰🇧🇬🇧🇾🇨🇿🇵🇱🇷🇸🇲🇰🇲🇪🇺🇦🇧🇦

@@user-qz1hc7vs9v Россию забыл

@@user-qy1sv2re8j, а это нацизм чистой воды

❤🇷🇺🇺🇦🇸🇮🇷🇸🇧🇾🇸🇰🇵🇱🇨🇿🇧🇦🇧🇬🇭🇷🇲🇪🇲🇰❤

I'm glad to hear that you found this interesting. Do you speak any particular dialect of Russian yourself?

@@CheLanguages Hi , may be yes ,because I live inthe eastern part of Latvia. There are a lot of Russians here. I heard that we speak here faster than in Russia.

@@user-vn1bf1du6v в Сибири и на дальнем востоке тоже быстро говорят

@@dad1inside ого, не знал.

Russian is not Slavic language.

Bear in mind I am not a speaker of any of those languages (though I am currently trying to learn Polish), but the example I show later on is much better.

Is this related to Silesian?

@@CheLanguages I think so, although probably closer to Czech language.

@@jiritichy7967 possibly

It could certainly be a topic in the future, there's a lot to talk about

Khakhasian

uyghur soon to be forgotten Turkic language😂

Slava Ukrajini!

@@CheLanguages Heroyam Slava! What country r u from?

@@bettercallrealsaulgoodman UK

@@CheLanguages Im from Ukraine, thanks 4 supporting

@@bettercallrealsaulgoodman hang in there!

Thank you!

Watch my latest video and tell me what you think because I've been playing around with the audio in editing

Even Old Polish makes a separate dialect/language depending where you draw the line...

We Ukrainians have different dialects, of course such a large territory cannot have the same language or traditions, especially when this nation was divided between different states, but this does not change the fact that Transcarpathia belongs to Ukraine.

И это говорит человек искусственной нации, созданной Лениным. Интересно получается, русины - сепаратисты, а украинцы это отдельная нация. Забавно))))

@@TaxesTexas штучно створена нація та на мові якої розмовляєш ти так само як і контент, псевдо історики, вигадана мова, вкрадена назва держави тощо...бувай

Crimea is Ukraine!!! And Russians are NOT !!!! Slavs!!!, 140 different ethnicities live there...

Неко в Закарпатті не хоче нич такого. Чому тобі так мішавуть Русины? Чому я не можу людям казати шо я Українец та і Русин? No one in Zakarpattia wants anything to do with separatists. Why do you make up problems that dont exist? We are all Ukrainian, but also Rusyn. Why is it a problem to be both? Somehow Rusyns in Slovakia, Poland, and Serbia are ok but in Ukraine they cant exist, why is that? Finally, do you not see the hypocrisy of what you said about Rusyn when it is exact same argument Putin says about Ukrainian language?

I use a microphone now, maybe try headphones

Thank you for the context!

It's my honor! I know what it's like being an oppressed minority

Does this narrative exist anywhere outside your mind?

You should really swe your doctor.

At the end of the day, it becomes difficult to draw the line between what is a language and what is a dialect. Silesian appears to have historically (and still today as a matter of fact) be a dialect continuüm between the Poles and the Bohemians. Still today, the dialects across the border are easier for Czechs to understand and the dialects close to Katowice are easier for Poles to understand. However, I would personally call Silesian a language given that these 'subdialects' that form the continuüm all share similar features and draw a big line between the standard language spoken in Poland and Czechia. It's only an interpretation though, as the debate is heated. At least I got to talk about it in the video

@@CheLanguages Please, remember that Silesian dialects are in 2D space, so their diversity is 2-dimentional. 1st is variation in NS (north-south), which you are talking about. But there is also variation in WE. Cieszyn dialect have a lot of similarities to Żywiec dialect from Małopolska (Little Poland). It is very close. Have also in mind that industrial part of Upper Silesia (Katowice, Bytom, Chorzów, etc) were in Małopolska up to XIV c. Formation of border between them caused that Katowice, Bytom, Chorzów are in Upper Silesia now. Another thing to consider is where the border between Austria and Prussia/Germany was since XVIII c. Cieszyn was in Austria, Katowice and Opole in Prussia. Germanization process in Austria was much slower than in Prussia. So Cieszyn dialect is very easy to understand for me Cieszyn and Jabłonka dialects are not in Lach dialectal range, so it is 3rd Silesian language to consider :) (if you prefer language vs dialect). Katowice/Opole Silesian dialects were under strong Germanization pressure. Many people stopped using Slavic language and started speaking German. Remaining part started to use of plenty of German words. Linguist Professor Miodek (SIlesian) says that the are 500 words of German origin in Katowice Silesian dialect (and he think that is not enough to consider Silesian a separate language). Probably you read about Czech language, that it almost disappeared in XVIII c, but it was recovered by Czech linguists. They took language spoken in remove villages and replaced German words (20% of words) with Slavic words (mostly Polish, and from other Slavic languages). Now Czech has less German words than Polish. Slovak was also in trouble due to Hungarian efforts to replace Slovak with Hungarian; Slovak was also spoken in remove villages, although situation was not so bad as in the case of Czech. My understanding is that the same should be done with Katowice and Opole Silesian dialects. Words from other Silesian dialects not affected by Germanization so much (like Cieszyn dialect or Kluczbork dialect) or from neighboring Małopolska dialects (Zywiec and Oświęcim area) should be used for replacing excess German words.

@@CheLanguages Please note that there are other Polish dialect which are even further away from main Polish dialect than Silesian dialects. Read about gwara podlaska or gwara góralska. Gwara podlaska has a lot of influence from Belarusian language. kzfaq.info/get/bejne/naiVh7ql3d3eZok.html Gwara góralska (from Podhale) got some words from Slovak and Romanian languages, but the fact that people lived there in villages in high mountains caused a big language barrier. kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Z6d1i7yk1t2wmpc.html Borderland dialects are fascinating, but I think that they should be counted as part of one of main language which has higher effect. Otherwise, we will end-up with additional tens of Slavic languages :)

@@CheLanguages Other Polish dialects also form dialect continuüm. For example dialect in Małopolska is not identical everywhere. Gwara góralska and other type of subdialects in Karpaty Mtn are on border with Slovakia. Other subdialects are in the borders with other dialects and in Podkarpacie, where Ukrainian language has some input. I am from Sieradz region. Some linguists classify spoken language as part of Wielkopolska dialect, some as part of Małopolska dialect. In fact is transient zone between dialects. And nobody even think about Małopolska dialect or Wielkopolska dialect as separate languages because they are dialect continuüm or collection of many subdialects. Think about this that way. If in some cases they are differences in spoken languages between villages - should they be considered that people there speak different languages? Cieszyn dialect or gwara podlaska are characterized by that. Each village has each own way of communication. Would you consider that they speak different languages? :)

@@CheLanguages Prominent / outstanding Polish linguist Profesor Miodek (from Silesia) talks about Silesian: ------------1----------- Anna Burek: Panie Profesorze, czy gwara śląska może zostać włączona do języka regionalnego? Czy może się ubiegać o status osobnego języka? Jakie jest Pana Profesora stanowisko w tej sprawie? Prof. Jan Miodek: Jednym z moich ulubionych cytatów jest zdanie króla Zygmunta Augusta: Nie będę, nie chcę być królem waszych sumień. Zachowując odpowiednie proporcje, nie awanturuję się nigdy o to czy rodowity Ślązak chce powiedzieć, że jest Ślązakiem i nic więcej, czy chce powiedzieć, że jest Polakiem-Ślązakiem czy Ślązakiem-Polakiem, a może czasem się czuje Ślązakiem-Niemcem, bo może też tak być. Nie walczę o takie czy inne określenie siebie etniczne, choć oczywiście wiem, że najwięcej Ślązaków mówi, że są Ślązakami-Polakami. Natomiast kwestia owej gwary: owych gwar śląskich, dialektu śląskiego - twierdzę i będę do śmierci twierdził, że dialekt śląski należy do polszczyzny. Jego wariantem literackim jest ogólna, standardowa polszczyzna, zwana też czasem polszczyzną literacką. Bój czy spór idzie o kodyfikację gwary śląskiej i tu się zaczyna problem moim zdaniem nie do przejścia. Niektórzy wypowiadają ekstremalnie naiwne zdanie: Trzeba wybrać to, co najlepsze z poszczególnych gwar śląskich i z tego stworzyć śląski język literacki… (source: Prof. Jan Miodek o statusie gwary śląskiej - IX) ------------2----------- Profesor Jan Miodek to wybitny językoznawca i popularyzator polszczyzny, nadal przekonuje Ślązaków, że ich mowa jest piękną, archaiczną mową polską. (...) Śląska ojczyzna polszczyzna Jan Miodek wręcz manifestuje swoje śląskie pochodzenie. A jednak na Górnym Śląsku ma wielu wrogów tylko dlatego, bo twierdzi, że śląszczyzna nie jest odrębnym językiem. Tego zaś domagają się niektóre środowiska. Chcą prawnego uznania mowy śląskiej za język regionalny, liczą na sojuszników, a nie na przeciwników swoich dążeń. Jednak w 2011 roku Rada Języka Polskiego przy Prezydium Polskiej Akademii Nauk wydała opinię, z której jasno wynika, że z punktu widzenia ściśle naukowego nie można powiedzieć, że śląszczyzna jest językiem innym niż polszczyzna. Dialekty śląskie wywodzą się z tego samego pnia, co inne dialekty polskie. Nie ma żadnych faktów językowych, które wskazywałyby na to, że język mieszkańców Śląska jest czymś innym niż gwary języka polskiego. O opinię na ten temat poprosił Radę Języka Polskiego minister spraw wewnętrznych i administracji. I choć pod dokumentem podpisało się spore grono polskich językoznawców, z przewodniczącym prof. Andrzejem Markowskim, to symbolem tego oporu został na Śląsku prof. Jan Miodek. Już wtedy w jednym z wywiadów mówił, że sama „dyskusja o śląskim języku w piśmie jest żenująca i (…) proszę ode mnie nie wymagać udowodnienia, że może śląszczyzna jest odrębnym językiem. Proszę ode mnie nie żądać jej kodyfikacji, bo to jest nonsens”. Nie wierzył w skuteczność kodyfikacji gwar śląskich i wątpił w kompetencje historyczno-językowe gotowych na wszystko kodyfikatorów. Uważał jednocześnie, że dopną swego i był ciekaw wyników ich pracy. Pytał wtedy i pyta dziś: - Jak pogodzą Śląsk Cieszyński ze Śląskiem Opolskim i Śląskiem przemysłowym? Co wygra? Mam powiedzieć: „widza ta krowa”, „widzą tą krową”, a może „widzym tym krowym”? Która z tych form będzie obowiązywać w Katowicach, Opolu, Cieszynie? Będzie „szyja” czy „syja” - po radzionkowsku i po opolsku? Nikomu nie zabraniam kodyfikować, życzę wszystkiego dobrego, ale nie zazdroszczę. Ja bym się tej pracy nie podjął, bo jestem realistą - mówi prof. Miodek. Ubolewa, że stosunek do śląszczyzny dzieli i skłóca. - Niepotrzebnie ludzie skaczą sobie do oczu z jej powodu. Chciałbym, żeby ta polszczyzna śląska, śląszczyzna była elementem scalającym, a nie jątrzącym - dodaje. - Przywołuję często zdanie Henryka Borka, rodowitego Ślązaka z Jędryska, to jest dziś część Kalet, który powiedział, że nie ma ani jednej cechy strukturalnej, która by różniła polszczyznę śląską od polszczyzny małopolskiej czy polszczyzny wielkopolskiej. Są różnice intonacyjne i moje ucho od razu wychwyci Poznaniaka, Krakusa i Ślązaka. Staram się patrzeć na to wszystko chłodnym okiem językoznawcy. Nie ja, ale ktoś inny pisze o tej zastygłej, średniowiecznej formie polszczyzny - jeśli chodzi o strukturę gramatyczną śląszczyzny. (source: Profesor Jan Miodek, Ślązak, fan Ruchu Chorzów i... godki. Co naprawdę profesor uważa o języku śląskim?) ------------N----------- kzfaq.info/get/bejne/edxpg8h9p7Osdmg.html

Thank you!

Exactly, I tried though. Some commenters said my pronunciation was impressive, but I know I can work on it still

Poland

@@CheLanguages 🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🤍🤍🤍🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱

@@grzegorzbrzeczyszczykiewicz991 least patriotic pole

XD

@@gregon_sk8640 HAHAHAHAHA

Had a lot of people not joking say this LOL

Yeah sorry about that, a few others complained too. I've gotten slightly better at graphic design since then, if you have seen any of my more recent videos

It seems that certain periods of time were different than others, some aimed to suppress these languages whilst others aimed to promote them once again. The last century seems to have been a bit of a rollercoaster for this, and it is indeed incredible that many of these still survive! On the other hand however, not all languages survived these movements, such as the Soviet Union being responsible for the death of languages such as Livonian (now revived as of 2022!) and the German Empire suppressing Polabian (currently attempting to be revived).

@@CheLanguages I just been at the end of the response and somebody had dialed me it all went to trash. Ill make it short. There were two factors being balanced politically during the Commonwealth. Civil unrest by identity proclamation of native population of multicultural Commonwealth (cultural freedom leading to cultural independence claims) and foreign forces acting upon to cause the civil unrest, that is, foreign propaganda. While nationality werent an issue to the rulers of that period, granting independence rights also werent an option to the ruling class. The solution to this were the constitution, but it was already too late.

@@conceptofeverything8793 interesting, I don't know a whole lot about the PL Commonwealth tbh

@@CheLanguages Well dont take my words as historical facts, but yeah, it is definitive the second in world modern constitution was written in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth and aimed to repair a lot of political issues. Not that I know there were any word on nationalities or that it had been aimed to fix these issues I mentioned directly, but taken what was written in there, I believe these issues would have been lessened as a result in a relatively short period of time. Cheers there.

@@conceptofeverything8793 Very interesting, thank you for your comments!

Can you read the Silesian text in the video?

@@CheLanguages No, but it is still dialekt of Polish! 🇵🇱🇵🇱🤬🤬🤬🤬🤬🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🤬🇵🇱

@@grzegorzbrzeczyszczykiewicz991 point proven

The same with Rusin. It is a transitive linguistic area between Ukraine and Slovakia

@@user-cr5jw6pc2g not exactly, Rusyn and Ukrainian are both East Slavic, Slovakian is West Slavic, so they are pretty far apart

Debatable, but it's descended from Old Ukrainian which is a fact

Ruthenian is not Ukrainian! Ukrainians don't like Russians to say that Ukrainian is a dialect of Russian, so they should stop saying that Ruthenian is a dialect of Ukrainian. Because then they are no different from "evil Russians".

​@@eava708I live in Ukraine, I speak Ukrainian, I have been to Transcarpathia several times and I know how people in this region speak. Less than 1% of the inhabitants of Transcarpathia call themselves Rusyns. If you studied the history of Transcarpathia, you would know that political "Rusynism" appeared because of the evil Russians (the Lemko-Rusyn Republic, the Muscovite movement of Transcarpathia and some modern pro-Rusyn movement). But normal residents of Transcarpathia have always advocated oneness with Ukrainians (Transcarpathian Ukraine (Transcarpathian Rus), West Lemko Republic, etc.)

@@Rimour_yt I live in the Polish part of the Carpathians and have dealt with Lemkos (our Ruthenians). In Poland, they celebrate their different culture, language and tradition, in the Podkarpackie voivodeship there are even local radio stations in Ruthenian. It is a FACT that the Ruthenian language and the Ruthenians do EXIST, they have not been Ukrainianized and accept it.

@@Rimour_yt I understand where your aversion to their separateness comes from, Poles have the same approach to Silesians or Kashubians. The most important thing you have to do is accept the fact that Ukraine is made up of more nations than just Ukrainians and the existence of Ruthenians doesn't threaten your country.

Interesting, I didn't come across that name in my research. Thank you!

Interesting perspective

@@CheLanguages its polish german creole to large extent. Unlike kashubian

I agree with your first statement, but whether or not Russians are Slavs is an ethnic debate I'd rather not go into

@@CheLanguages you agree? 🤨

@@noname-pf8he no, I believe Russians are Slavs. This guy is disputing it. From what I've read, Russians not being Slavic is a racist theory amongst non-Russian Eastern Europeans

@@CheLanguages No, no, no, i'm about Crimea

@@noname-pf8he I'm split on Crimea myself because it's overwhelmingly ethnically Russian, so it makes sense to be owned by Russia. However, it's a really tactical place that is dangerous for Russia to own. Since 1991 it was Ukrainian territory illegally annexed in 2014, so in theory it should be Ukraine rn and not Russia. There's a third solution, have the Crimea as an independent buffer state, but wouldn't last long in a war plus it'd be a hugely politicized place on whether it's a Western country or a pro-Russian one

Croatian itself has three main dialects, chakavian dialect for example has many more Italian and Venetian loanword, Kajkavian has many German and some Hungarian loanwords, and Shtokavian is much closer to Serbian

@@CheLanguages Thanks for the update :) Have heard about Shtokavian before. The other dialects are unfamiliar to me.

@@level442FM Chakavian is spoken mainly in Istria and the islands, heavily influenced by Italian and Venetian over the centuries. Kajkavian is centered in the North of Croatia, heavily influenced by the Austro-Hungarian empire. The standard dialect, which is Shtokavian, is very similar to Serbian, Croatian and Montenegrin. The three dialects take their name from how you say the word "what" in the language, it is 'Shto' in most Serbo-Croatian dialects, but in the North of Croatia (and the same in Slovenian) it is 'Kaj'. Then finally, they say 'Cha' in the west. I watched a very good video about it yesterday from a small Croatian KZfaqr I actually discovered in the comment section of this video, his name is Cropnik and he makes lots of Balkan-related videos, I recommend you check him out.

@@CheLanguages Thanks mate. I'll check that video out.

@@CheLanguages sorry mán, thats the serbian dialects

Interesting, thank you!

Rusyn is a transitive linguistic continuum between Ukraine and Slovakia

@@user-cr5jw6pc2g This is possible, in any case at least a certain dialect of the Rusyn language is not only in sound but also in meaning very close to Czech. For example, the word "yes" is pronounced "ano" in Czech and "aino" in Rusyn. :-) Phonetically, Rusyn is harder than Slovak or Ukrainian, it is closer to the Czech language in sound. Also here in the video, you can see that a Czech often understands more than a Pole. kzfaq.info/get/bejne/arCZqc2LvrLHnHk.html

@@komacope Rusyn is much closer to standard Ukrainian than to Czech. It is actually Ukrainian, but the most western dialect. That's all

That's useful, thank you

@@CheLanguages And here is the sample of Upper Sorbian. kzfaq.info/get/bejne/oOCjqMWI0ZjGaZc.html Easier to understand than Kashubian. Upper Sorbian sound like a mix of Polish and Czech. German accent is present in younger generation. More: kzfaq.info/sun/PLQJ3IAEluGMjf6eO2qr2XTbA16V9U4p6q

Lusitania is Portugal. I believe you mean Lusatia. It's in my part 2, check it out

Part 2 will be out on Friday, look out for it then..m

That's interesting, what did you find with Livonians?

@@CheLanguages i was vising Baltic countries four Times but Only Once visiting Kurland region, and Livonians Villages pn the seashore. They are pretty small, as others on Latvian interior, inhabited from over a dozen to several dozen people.

@@PabloLu777 did any of them speak the revived Livonian language?

I couldn't Hear them speaking Livonian, Only saw their flags :(

@@PabloLu777 Yeah, there are not many speakers, watch my Uralic languages video if you would like to learn more about it