in this video {530} Buck Regulator Explained With Theory and Practical. buck regulator is simple un-isolated dc to dc converter. buck converter produces lower average output voltage than the input voltage. In a buck converter, a switch is placed in series with the input voltage source VIN. The input source VIN feeds the output through the switch and a low-pass filter, implemented with an inductor and a capacitor. In a steady state of operation, when the switch is ON for a period of TON, the input provides energy to the output as well as to the inductor. During the TON period, the inductor current flows through the switch and the difference of voltages between VIN and VOUT is applied to the inductor in the forward direction. Therefore, the inductor current rises linearly from its present value During the TOFF period, when the switch is OFF, the inductor current continues to flow in the same direction, as the stored energy within the inductor continues to supply the load current. The diode completes the inductor current path during the transistor OFF period (TOFF), thus, it is called a freewheeling diode. During this TOFF period, the output voltage VOUT is applied across the inductor in the reverse direction, therefore, the inductor current decreases from its present value IL2 to IL1,
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