A-Level Biology- Structure of the NEPHRON. Ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption in the kidney

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Learn the structures of the nephron - renal capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct. Learn how and where ultrafiltration occurs, selective reabsorption and how urine is formed.
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Пікірлер: 150

@abigailrwankineza6712 3 жыл бұрын

i'm not even done with the video yet, but this already makes much more sense thank you for helping me

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you Abigail :D Really pleased it helped you

@e_g822 Ай бұрын

took my teacher like 3 lessons to teach this and i still didn't understand it, after watching this 15 minute video it makes so much more sense lmao

@niamhcharnley-kershaw1930 2 жыл бұрын

Going over this the night before my paper 2 exam and it finally makes sense! Thankyou Miss Estruch!!

@florencerogers1957 Жыл бұрын

is it just me that still finds this so confusing i'm having to watch it like 4 times

@xenne. Жыл бұрын

@ainaahmad9193 8 ай бұрын

Frl i have my first year 13 bio exam tomorrow AND STILL DONT UNDERSTAND THIS TOPIC

@shushhhhh1983 8 ай бұрын

@@ainaahmad9193same

@conceptok534 8 ай бұрын

@@ainaahmad9193 same

@lilyjones8447 2 жыл бұрын

I have my first A level biology exam in 2 weeks, and you have really saved my life with these videos. Thankyou! You are amazing.

@jasminea6740 2 жыл бұрын

Me too! I use Miss Estruch's videos for all the topics I'm unsure of. Good luck on the exam!

@lorettakurtz1731 2 жыл бұрын

Me too! Unfortunately I only found Miss Estruchs channel about a week ago so now I am binge-watching her videos on all the subjects I am unsure of! 😀

@elliesmith7518 2 жыл бұрын

Good luck on paper 2

@elliesmith7518 2 жыл бұрын

@@lorettakurtz1731 good luck for paper 2 x

@asiaarr4966 Жыл бұрын

How was it?

@KaveeshaDewmi-mr3oj 5 ай бұрын

You are such an incredible teacher.i understood all the lessons just by watching your vedios .Thank you very much.

@MissEstruchBiology 5 ай бұрын

Thank you 😊 I am so pleased they have helped you

@catrionadowner8361 2 жыл бұрын

I missed the lesson on this so I was so confused but this video really, really helped. Thank you so much!

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

ah that is a tough lesson to miss and catch up on. So pleased my video helped you 😊

@zeylasacli1641 2 жыл бұрын

Same😅

@Jack-ur4in Жыл бұрын

Such a marvellous teacher… I know she would be my top favourite class room subject teacher if I was back at school !

@MissEstruchBiology Жыл бұрын

Thank you!!

@CupCakeBug 3 ай бұрын

Amazing! Helped me during A-levels and now during my pharmacy degree. Thank you so much! 😊❤

@MissEstruchBiology 3 ай бұрын

love that!

@seanearly2434 Жыл бұрын

Your videos are amazing! They've been a life saver during my access course this year - THANKS!

@toffeefawn5177 Жыл бұрын

thank you so much for these, i’m at uni now but your videos still help me grasp the topic better 😊

@MissEstruchBiology Жыл бұрын

ah wow, that's great they are still helpful!

@leoweicker9253 Жыл бұрын

I am afraid there is a mistake at 13:00min. It should say very dilute due to active transport of Na out of the ascending loop of Henle. Not the PCT.

@luciaminy-giani3305 Жыл бұрын

This makes so much more sense than what’s in the textbook!

@MissEstruchBiology Жыл бұрын

😃😃 so pleased it was helpful!

@monicaogunbowale4359 2 жыл бұрын

This was amazing! Very clearly explained :)

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!!+ Really pleased you liked it

@Soljardel Жыл бұрын

Wow. Excellent. 16 minutes of pure gold!!!!!!!!!!!

@MissEstruchBiology Жыл бұрын

awww thank you!!

@diamondjelyninja7135 2 жыл бұрын

omg this makes so much more sense now!!

@tabishiqbal7851 3 жыл бұрын

such an amazing and helpful video!

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you 😊 So glad it helped

@binsaddiq9554 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much miss Estruch i honestly could not understand a thing from the Cambridge book so i stumbled upon your video which made me understand the entire lesson

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

So glad it's helped you to understand the topic! 😊😊 Found the channel just in time then!

@moonmoon-dh5jo 3 жыл бұрын

Omg!! thank you so much, I love you :) when I'm sat in a lesson, I cant concentrate, and I find it so difficult, but your videos are so helpful, thank you so much.

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

So pleased they are helping you with your studies 😊 Great to know they are supporting your learning when you find the classroom environment tough!

@Sam-yj5vv 2 жыл бұрын

Thank You very much. It is very helpful ❤️

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

So pleased you found it helpful 😀

@sanjeevagarwal1149 Жыл бұрын

Excellent video. Thanks very much

@MissEstruchBiology Жыл бұрын

Thank you!!!

@omardakwavis9063 2 жыл бұрын

miss estruch 2 the moon. saving my a levels🙏🏾

@aliabas2121 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much i have watched a lot of videos only yours helped me !

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Ah thank you. Really pleased to hear that you found it helpful.

@aliabas2121 3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology thank you so much

@sinevlubelwana809 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much mam I understand so much more, you are awesome!

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

aww amazing!

@meganedwards7859 2 жыл бұрын

Amazing and simple explanation 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!!

@ruthvickiyer6718 2 жыл бұрын

thank you very much my heartfelt gratitude

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

You're so welcome 😊

@TheRealD3Y Жыл бұрын

13:20 is this meant to say PCT or DCT. If it's PCT I'm very confused on where this came from and how it links to this section. Doesn't this part link to the ascending limb of the loop of henle?

@TheRealD3Y Жыл бұрын

Or is this part meant to say ascending limb

@saifo_bak1879 3 жыл бұрын

thanks a lot u really do know how to teach

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Aww that's so kind, thank you! Really glad you liked it 😊

@heba1328 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you!!

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

I hope it helped you 😊

@sinevlubelwana809 2 жыл бұрын

It really helped me

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

So pleased

@leahlester2620 4 жыл бұрын

Great Videos and clear explanations👍🏼 Could you do a video on inheritance and the cardiac cycle please!😊

@MissEstruchBiology 4 жыл бұрын

Hi Leah. Is there a particular part of inheritance? Glad you find the videos helpful :)

@leahlester2620 4 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiologyHi Ms, Autosomal Linkage, Co-dominance and knowing which cross to in an exam question.

@MissEstruchBiology 4 жыл бұрын

@leahlester I'll add it to the list and hopefully have it up within the next week!

@MissEstruchBiology 4 жыл бұрын

@@leahlester2620 I'll be loading an autosomal linkage video this week

@TS-fn3lb 3 жыл бұрын

Beautiful

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

thank you 😊

@ZAsym 2 жыл бұрын

this is great

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!!! So glad you like it.

@raegardens8339 5 ай бұрын

I hope to God this helps me

@aadarshkhimasia 2 жыл бұрын

Hi Miss (and people doing the exam today!) - for ultrafiltration at 5:24 when you said "capillary epithelium", you meant "capillary endothelium" right? Just because I've seen "endothelium" on AQA past paper markschemes, not "epithelium". Thanks!

@ksdogg 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for this, I am doing an online zoology diploma but the kidney/nephron diagram they have given me is hard to make sense of, but the one you have used is so easy to understand. 🙏

@uwotm8770 2 жыл бұрын

hello miss, do we need to know about the counter current multiplier mechanism?

@nerdycupcake7114 2 жыл бұрын

This topic is kind of similar to tissue fluid formation

@umairaali1952 Жыл бұрын

i didn’t realise selective reabsorption was just the sodium potassium pump😭😭

@elliefishman5696 Жыл бұрын

Hi Miss, do we need to know about the counter current multiplier of the collecting duct? My teacher was speaking about it?

@jdv__ily 3 ай бұрын

12:34 I'm a bit lost here. I watched alevel biology help and they said that at the base of the hairpin the water potential is at its lowest? So how come it says the opposite here? (that the water potential is high (dilute)) So does the water potential between the ascending and descending limb increase as you go down the interstitial fluid? and will we need to know why for exams?

@tania-vq8di 2 жыл бұрын

at 13:16 is the area surrounding the collecting ducts and DCT concentrated with Na+?

@keke3897 4 жыл бұрын

is this for aqa? its so useful especially at the selective reabsorption stage which is where i tend to trip up

@MissEstruchBiology 4 жыл бұрын

Hello, Yes this covers the information needed for the A-level AQA specification. All my videos are AQA based. I'm really glad it has helped you :) Thank you for your feedback!

@xbadtzmarux 2 жыл бұрын

Do you need to know about basement membrane and podocytes?

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

hey, yes you do. Don't think it's in this vid

@lizziek4352 3 жыл бұрын

This video is so helpful thank you! But I have a question, why can protein be found in the urine of diabetics?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

With too a high blood glucose the water potential of the blood decreases, causing water from surrounding cells to move into the blood by osmosis. This increased blood volume increases the hydrostatic pressure. This can damage the kidney and cause over filtering so small proteins can filter out. Hope that helps

@lizziek4352 3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology thank you so much

@saad-bc1by 2 жыл бұрын

At 12:39 why is the water potential in the descending limb at the bottom showing it to decrease when water is moving out and na+ are moving in to descending limb

@PaulSt-Germain-c7u 3 жыл бұрын

Great video and explanation. Why do urine contain hormones?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Hello, Glad you liked it 😊 Hormones are soluble and transported in the blood. They are small enough to be filtered during ultrafiltration in the glomerular, so they are within the urine.

@PaulSt-Germain-c7u 3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology Hello, Thank you for your reply.

@Em-un8gw 4 ай бұрын

at 13:43 it says PCT so are the covoluted tubules above the loop of henle the PCT or DCT?

@sadeeakaleem 2 жыл бұрын

Can you please do the full topic of homeostasis ? thanks

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

Already made..Look up entire topic 6 ☺️

@user-tz5pz8ev7u 3 жыл бұрын

Hi miss, at 4:21 isn't the descending loop on henle the one on the left and the ascending limb the one of the right?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Hello, Not in this particular diagram. If you look closely, there is a twist at the top of the loop of Henle in this diagram.

@hollyhumberstone768 2 жыл бұрын

Hi Miss, for AQA, do we need to know about podocytes? thank you!

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

hey yes posocytes and basement membranes could come up

@LifeOfLeonLi 3 жыл бұрын

at 12:34 for stage 4 when you said that "Na+ transports by diffusion out the descending limb, because the solution is now dilute" Do you mean the interstitial fluid is dilute or the descending limb that is dilute? And does Na+ diffuse out because water has left the descending limb resulting in Na+ becoming more concentrated so increasing concentration gradient (high in descending limb and lower in interstitial fluid)?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Hello, I meant the interstitial fluid is dilute in comparison to the liquid in the descending limb and yes, the second part you described is also correct :D

@jmstuff6759 3 жыл бұрын

13:36 when you say very concentrated does that mean high sodium ion concentration at that section?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Hello, Yes, that's right 😊

@kujojotaro3035 Жыл бұрын

at 13:18 you said the water entering the DCT is very dilute, why is this true? i thought the the water is reabsorbed into the blood making the filtrate more concentrated

@dannycartwright579 Жыл бұрын

I love you

@g4rthy257 2 жыл бұрын

I love biology so much oh god oh oh

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

It is awesome!

@lorettakurtz1731 2 жыл бұрын

Me too this is super cool stuff and is definitely my favorite a level!

@jasminei4382 2 жыл бұрын

Good luck everyone let’s smash this paper 2 today :)

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

Hope it went well!@@

@shadymorgan3243 2 жыл бұрын

Hi, at around 3:50 mins. Is the diagram labelled correctly with the ascending and descending limb?

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

hey, yes it is, its just showing you them twisted slightly

@shadymorgan3243 2 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology ohhh ok thanks

@NOTORIOUS_K.B 3 жыл бұрын

Why does the salt ions move out near the bottom of the ascending limb by diffusion if the salt ions move out by active transport near the top of the ascending limb?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

It's due to the different water potentials in the different sections of the medulla.

@zohatheunicornyt314 3 жыл бұрын

at 8:08 why are the sodium ions actively transported isn't concentration of sodium ions higher in the pct compared to inside of capillary so why not diffuse ( from pct to capillary)

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

hello, they are being actively transported into the medulla of the the kidney, not the capillary that's why. it is so that the ions are moved out even after equilibrium is reached and this ensures the water potential is lowered. Hope that helps 😊

@zohatheunicornyt314 3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology yes thankyou so much :)

@user-op4pg7bs6y Жыл бұрын

how does water get reabsorbed in the pct?

@saadkhan1244 2 жыл бұрын

do we have to say "lots of mitochondria to provide ATP for active transport" or is lots of mitochondria to provide energy fine?

@kianairanzad9614 2 жыл бұрын

AQA mark schemes tend to be inconsistent sometimes so id say 'lots of mitochondria to provide ATP and energy for active transport' just to cover all possible marking points (incase they specifically want atp this year) :)

@basmalaaiman9829 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you soo much for your effort 👌. I have a question please. The part in which sodium ions diffuse from lumen of proximal tubule into PCT cells, is it facilitated diffusion or diffusion cause it happened with help of Co transporter proteins?

@user-cz7lm1rb9i 2 жыл бұрын

Facilitated diffusion since glucose is large and lipid-insoluble it can't just diffuse through any lipid bilayer, so the protein channels help it move in :)

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

Hello, It is facilitated diffusion, ions are not lipid soluble so can never diffusion across a membrane without a protein (so always facilitated or active transport in against the concentration gradient). Hope that helps :D

@Thebobshop754 Ай бұрын

Do we need to know about podocytes?

@user-fh1rl9kr8x Ай бұрын

No not on spec

@MatT-vf7qo 3 жыл бұрын

at 13:27 you said that water diffuses out. doesnt water move by osmosis only?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Only water can move by osmosis, but water can move by osmosis and diffusion , but this is because osmosis is a special type of diffusion.

@brookelouise4347 2 жыл бұрын

Last minute studying for my midterm tests 😅

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

eeek good luck

@bellastarmartin4601 Жыл бұрын

In the exam can you use PCT or do you have to write the whole thing?

@faysalmohammed2821 Жыл бұрын

Probably whole thing to be safe

@bellastarmartin4601 Жыл бұрын

@@faysalmohammed2821 👍

@ta647 Жыл бұрын

u got to write the whole thing otherwise ur gonna lose the mark

@leahlester2620 3 жыл бұрын

What is the link between the collecting duct and loop of henle?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

What do you mean exactly by the link?

@leahlester2620 3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology in a lot of diagrams there is water moving from the collecting duct to ascending limb, so I wanted to know if that affects the reabsorption

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

ah this is indicating water leaving the collecting duct to then be reabsorbed back into the blood. It isn't going into the ascending limb, it might just look like that as its close to the collecting duct

@leahlester2620 3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology oh that makes sense😂 thank you!

@marieanneschroeder4894 Жыл бұрын

Does anyone know what part of the specification this is on?

@MissEstruchBiology Жыл бұрын

topic 6, homeostasis

@marieanneschroeder4894 Жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology thank you

@chu2000 7 ай бұрын

how come in topics other than kidney topic glucose is a large molecule and they have to be transported by facilitated diffusion but in here they can get forced out by high hydrostatic and is defined as a small molecule 5:52 'water and small molecules such as glucose and mineral ions'

@MissEstruchBiology 7 ай бұрын

glucose is too large to fit through phospholipids in a membrane, but here it is fitting through gaps between cells (a much larger space) so it is too big to fit through membranes, but small enough to fit through gaps between cells. hope that helps

@chu2000 7 ай бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology ohhh thank you!