From colorless to pale pink colour

Either base should be able to be used as long as the correct weights and molar densities are used. Either ASTM test should be fine to determine acid number as long as they are followed correctly.

KOH is a superior catalyst for the reaction I believe

You may want to check out this TechNote, which has some tips and procedures for FFA pretreatment. biodieseleducation.org/Literature/TechNotes/TN33%20High%20FFA.pdf. You may find other helpful info on our website, www.biodieseleducation.org.

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We follow the ASTM Standards for testing our normality. Mixed solutions of bases can degrade over time and need to be replaced. The method of standardizing the potassium hydroxide solution is outlined in ASTM D974 under 7.7.1: "Standardize frequently enough to detect changes of 0.0005 N. On way to do this is as follows: Weigh, to the nearest 0.1 mg approximately 0.2 g of potassium hydroxide alcoholic solution to either of the following end points. (1) When the titration is electromagnetic, titrate to a well-defined inflection point at the voltage that corresponds to the voltage of the basic buffer solution, or (2) When titration is colorimetric, add six drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution and titrate to the appearance of a permanent pink color. Perform the blank titration on the water used to dissolve the potassium acid phthalate. Calculate the normality using the following equation: Normality = ((Wp / 204.23) x (1000/(V-Vb))) (1) where: Wp - weight of potassium acid phthalate, g, 204.23 = molecular weight of the potassium acid phthalate, V = volume of the titrant used to titrate the salt to a specific end point, mL, and Vb = volume of titrant used to titrate the blank, mL."

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This website does a good job breaking the calculation down: www.make-biodiesel.org/Biodiesel-Chemsitry/acid-number-to-ffa-conversions.html

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I would say its 1 to 5 where 1 is the alcohol and 5 the oil and also 35 grams of catalyst ( potasyum or sodium hidroxide ) to a liter to five liters

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Hello, thanks for reaching out to us! What is your acid value, and do you plan on using sulfuric acid for the entire reaction or only for converting the three fatty acid's to esters?

Hi, thanks for your reply! My acid value is about 20, I'm planning to use sulfuric acid as catalyst to reduce my feedstock's FFA and then proceed with transesterification.

With an acid value of 20 your % FFA will be approximately 10. It is determined based on the average molecular weight of the fatty acids that make up the oil or fat you are using but it is roughly half the AV. We don’t know how large of a batch you are making but the formula is as follows: For every gram of FFA add 2.2 grams of methanol and 0.05 grams of sulfuric acid Always add the acid to the methanol to avoid splatter and gently mix. Heat the oil to 60 C and add the alcohol/acid mixture and stir for 1 hour. Upon settling you should have a layer of alcohol acid and water floating on top. Water is generated during the esterification reaction. The trick is to drain off the pretreated oil/ester mixture without getting any of the top layer with it. Then measure the new acid value. If it is still too high you can perform another acid esterification using the new value to calculate methanol and acid. Here is an example: If you are starting with 500 g of oil with 10% FFA you would have 50 grams of FFA’s You would need 112.5 g of methanol and 2.5 g of sulfuric acid for the reaction. If you are making a large batch you can use lbs or Kg to calculate the amounts. Good luck!

How to calculate methanol and sodium methoxide for transesterifacion?

@@lakshayahissaria4823 methanol use a 6 mols methanol per mol oil; oil is about 876 g/mol. Use density of oil to calculate mass from volume. The catalyst values are reviewed in the video. 1% w/w for KOH and 0.25% w/w for Sodium Methoxide + the compensation for FAA's.

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From ASTM D974 under 7.7.1: "Standardize frequently enough to detect changes of 0.0005 N. On way to do this is as follows: Weigh, to the nearest 0.1 mg approximately 0.2 g of potassium hydroxide alcoholic solution to either of the following end points. (1) When the titration is electromagnetic, titrate to a well-defined inflection point at the voltage that corresponds to the voltage of the basic buffer solution, or (2) When titration is colorimetric, add six drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution and titrate to the appearance of a permanent pink color. Perform the blank titration on the water used to dissolve the potassium acid phthalate. Calculate the normality using the following equation: Normality = ((Wp / 204.23) x (1000/(V-Vb))) (1) where: Wp - weight of potassium acid phthalate, g, 204.23 = molecular weight of the potassium acid phthalate, V = volume of the titrant used to titrate the salt to a specific end point, mL, and Vb = volume of titrant used to titrate the blank, mL."

We used toluene, isopropyl alcohol, and a small amount of water.

what proportion will be