The sultans of the Ottoman Empire, who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary in the north to Yemen in the south and from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the east. Administered at first from the city of Söğüt since before 1280 and then from the city of Bursa since 1323 or 1324, the empire's capital was moved to Adrianople (now known as Edirne in English) in 1363 following its conquest by Murad I and then to Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) in 1453 following its conquest by Mehmed II.
The following is a complete list of people who held the office of President of Turkey. There have been twelve heads of state since the inception of the republican period in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence.
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🕗 Timecodes:
00:04 01. Osman I
00:10 02. Orhan
00:17 03. Murad I
00:24 04. Bayezid I
00:31 05. İsa Çelebi
00:38 06. Süleyman Çelebi
00:44 07. Musa Çelebi
00:51 08. Mehmed Çelebi
00:58 09. Mehmed I
01:05 10. Mustafa Çelebi
01:11 11. Murad II
01:18 12. Mehmed II
01:25 13. Murad II
01:32 14. Mehmed II
01:39 15. Bayezid II
01:45 16. Cem Sultan
01:52 17. Selim I
01:59 18. Suleiman I
02:06 19. Selim II
02:13 20. Murad III
02:19 21. Mehmed III
02:26 22. Ahmed I
02:33 23. Mustafa I
02:40 24. Osman II
02:47 25. Mustafa I
02:53 26. Murad IV
03:00 27. Ibrahim
03:07 28. Mehmed IV
03:14 29. Suleiman II
03:21 30. Ahmed II
03:27 31. Mustafa II
03:34 32. Ahmed III
03:41 33. Mahmud I
03:48 34. Osman III
03:55 35. Mustafa III
04:01 36. Abdul Hamid I
04:08 37. Selim III
04:15 38. Mustafa IV
04:22 39. Mahmud II
04:29 40. Abdulmejid I
04:35 41. Abdulaziz
04:42 42. Murad V
04:49 43. Abdul Hamid II
04:56 44. Mehmed V
05:03 45. Mehmed VI
05:09 46. Abdulmejid II
05:16 47. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
05:23 48. Abdülhalik Renda
05:30 49. İsmet İnönü
05:37 50. Celâl Bayar
05:43 51. National Unity Committee
05:50 52. Cemal Gürsel
05:57 53. İbrahim Şevki Atasagun
06:04 54. Cevdet Sunay
06:11 55. Tekin Arıburun
06:17 56. Fahri Korutürk
06:24 57. İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil
06:31 58. National Security Council
06:38 59. Kenan Evren
06:45 60. Turgut Özal
06:51 61. Hüsamettin Cindoruk
06:58 62. Süleyman Demirel
07:05 63. Ahmet Necdet Sezer
07:12 64. Abdullah Gül
07:19 65. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
07:25 66. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
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