This is so true when I fought and fought and did everything in my power to try to get my nitrates and phosphates down I created 38 other problems LOL and I finally gave up I said I will let it run its course and my tanks never looked better I haven’t tested for nitrates and phosphates in six months I just do my automatic water changes feed the way I always feed and add my supplements you are a wise man and what you said is so true

Good work on the video. I think it is important to understand that each aquarium is different, with different equipment, different rock, different sediment, different livestock, different environment, different routine, different dosing etc. etc. etc.. What works on one may not work on another. The problem is that most try to simulate what others are doing with their tanks thinking they will have the same result. Some may, some may not. Sometimes the info we get from our own systems is simply anecdotal. The screwed part of this hobby is that you can never get experienced "reefers" to agree on anything in the hobby. I have heard so many differing opinions from experts on these subjects that it makes my head spin. One guy says this and the next says the opposite. And they all have nice tanks. How about we consider the following. Marine Biologists are in their infancy of understanding reefs. And that is in the ocean which does not present the same kinds of problems for a reef as trying to keep one in a glass box in our houses. So if the real experts with educational degrees in the subject hardly understand them, I doubt any KZfaqr's who are so called experts are going to blow our minds with their research. Lastly, we need to stop comparing the ecosystem we are creating in our houses to the one that consists in the ocean. They are two different animals.

Damn man that’s amazing.. I’ve been following for a while now and I can’t express how much your videos mean to me. They not only show what time has created in reefing but evidence based research that expels myths and provides us with current knowledge. This for me is worth so much, thank you for what you do and I’m truly a fan of your videos.

I’ve learn this. 1) know your tank 2) keep things simple 3) consistency! Tanks really do mature, after that you got to really go crazy to mess things up. Awesome and interesting video!

It has been 10 years that I had to shut down my tank (due to moving) but I had the same experience. No skimmer, just deep sand bed sump and lots of micro food feeding (including yeast) and my phosphate was extremely high. I never cared much, since my sps corals had been growing amazingly well for about 4 years. All other tank owners were always puzzled at the growths and size of the corals regarding my set up and the values - but hey, "Never touch a running system" I thought. ;)

you are 100% correct! with 0 nitrates there are so many tank issues. i started dosing evs nitrates and BAM! COLOR EVERYWHERE! CHRISTMAS IS HERE FINALLY!!!

Great video. The scientific evidence was inconclusive in addressing the diverse live stock including different kind of corals in our tanks. However these two videos could be food for thoughts for some of us in forming and arriving to more universal conclusions through more study, research and practical implementation of our findings. To address your question as of why algae wouldn't thrive in high nutrient environment I would like to point to redfiled ratio. Elevated levels of Nutrients doesn't necessary cause algae out-brake but going way out of the Redfield ratio is proven to cause algae such as dyno, green or cyano explosion. Redfield ratio: 106 carbon 16 Nitrogen 1 phosphates If these values are converted to the commonly used tests we use (Nitrate and Phosphate) then the the ratio is: 10.5 Nitrate to 1 phosphate

I have been in the saltwater hobby since 1986 just a few years back we used to always say keep your nitrates low phosphate low now to our surprise they say you should have a little bit of both in the tank the funny thing is I did unplug my skimmer for a few days because on my test I have zero phosphate and 0 nitrates I will start feeding my hundred gallon tank a little bit more and I unplugged the skimmer for a week the tanks have been up for a while I do not see any ill effects on my Coral at this time so we will see what happens great video by the way

Great video, backed by science, data and real life examples. I agree whole heartedly being in this hobby for over 28 years I've been there an experienced many of these myself.

Thank you for starting this discussion. Most of my confusion when I first started this hobby was why we were doing this? Many of our inhabitants thrive on low levels of these nutrients. I blamed myself for not getting it but your video summarizes it perfectly and turned my frustration in the hobby into relief that there is so much data to support my thoughts. Hopefully your post will redirect this conversation for newcomers to the hobby. Liked and Subscribed! Looking forward to more posts 👍🏻

I've seen many of your videos. I appreciate all the info you provide. Thank you for sharing your research

There are so many other variables as well, lighting,ph, aeration, flow, alk cal,....although this is a very interesting video because of the fact that it states what most of us actually are seeing...higher nutrients allow for better coloration and growth...once u strip the water clean it becomes a major problem...I think every tank has its own sweet spot...it’s our job to almost find it if we want to be successful...great video backing up the information with real studies...

I'm new to keeping a saltwater aquarium which is 3/1/2 months old now, and my phosphate levels are .34 but nitrates are way higher. I'm running a refugium with macro algae and a protein skimmer but besides the refugium I don't see any algae in the main display except for the glass. On I do have an urchin and a foxface rabbit fish too which helps to control any algae issues. Great information and thanks

Got rid of my skimmer a while ago and don’t have sump. I found keeping a good tank is all about balance not equipment Good video

Outstanding video. Very informative, scientific explained in easy to understand language. So basically, in a mixed tank-fish and corals, a manageable yet stable level of nitrates say of .15ppm and minor levels of phosphate is fine! Thats very encouraging. Ill keep doing what Im doing!

Every beginner should watch this. Excellent

You can have nitrates and phosphates in a tank. Just keep them stable below 20 and that’s good... just keep them stable like you would any other parameter... stability is key in reefs remember

I would agree I have had elevated nitrates and phosphates for so long I quit fighting it but I don't have algae I did have cyano. What was really odd was with these elevated levels my chaeto algae in my refugium would not grow. I think the levels have more of an effect on color. Great video, very informative.

Very well written Professor! I agree. I am noticing my dinos withering away with nutrients. And my montis have NEVER looked better!

Great video. Last year, after 'suffering' low macro nutrients I've found ripping phosphate out using kalkwasser, whilst simultaneously dosing low levels of PO4 via a pump keeps my 1000L SPS system at the 0.05-0.1 mg/l sweetspot. Coral growth and vitality never been better. Easy to make a stock solution using Potassium Phosphate. Nitrate has more slack and I just dose weekly to maintain 5+mg/l

It would only make sense to have the nitrates and phosphates a bit higher then 0. When trying to grow plants or even get your lawn looking healthy, you dose with nutrients, so why wouldn't that hold true for a reef tank. Most of the corals derive their nutrients from the water and photosynthesis, so it makes sense to have those elements in the tank for them. Out in the wild, there will be spikes of all different types of chemicals and nutrients that are not controlled and corals and fish seem to thrive in those areas. I have been battling dino's myself and have done a lot of research on them. So many conflicting lines of information out there!! Thanks for this video. THIS makes sense!!

Awesome video man! Great study. I like it when our paradigm is shifted a bit ;) So.. looking at your graph NO3/PO4 it seems ratio is 100/1. This is the ideal ratio as I've read. It is unbalance between the two that causes problems, as do drastic changes.. I too have Nitrate at 10 and phosphate at 0,08/0,1 and tank (with across) is doing great.

Good video! - I have high phosphates 2.0 yes thats 2 not .2 - My way to combat algae is I have a refugium with a Kessil H380 that outcompetes the display for algae. If I turn the refugium lights off for a week, I see algae starting to form.

Damn I smashed my skimmer with a mallet half way through the video, then you said not to do that at the end of video.

Wow! Ive been chasing numbers. Performing projects like chaeto, turf scrubber etc because of the community standards. I have a nano and a 65 gallon. Both under 6 months of age. Tested my nano last week and i had 17.1 nitrates and 1.1 phosphate so i did a two gallon change even tho my nano looked fine! This video changes the game! Great video!

This is really interesting. I am researching getting a saltwater tank and seeing this gave me lots to think about and more to look into lol

Really enjoying your channel with discussion of studies! Glad I stumbled across it.

“Low nutrient” objectives were created way back when we had no idea how to keep SPS alive. Commercial companies latched on as they can sell all kind of products for nutrient control… Glad to see more and more people realizing nutrients aren’t the enemy.

LoL I’ve been running my AIO with 40ppm Nitrates and 0.5 to 0.6 Phosphate for over 4 years. Key is stability, once your tank adapts to the parameters, it will slowly thrive. Problem is with new tanks and adding new frags.

I think that it would help at the beginning if you define what "high" is. Is high nitrate 5-10ppm? 10-20? 40ppm? Same with Phosphate, is 0.1ppm high? Is 0.2ppm high? Based on watching the video, you consider 10-20ppm Nitrate high, and 0.2-0.4ppm Phosphate high. I think that the paradigm is true, but the people warning you over "high nutrients" are thinking that high nitrate is 50+ and High Phosphate is 0.5ppm or more (tanks can handle high phosphate more gracefully in my experience, whereas high nitrates can be toxic). Successful reefs do not often have nitrates of 50ppm or phosphates of 0.4ppm. So I think that this video is awesome in sharing that aiming for zero's regarding nutrients is bad, but we certainly don't want people cranking their nitrates up to 50ppm and expecting success. Another big factor is how fast the nutrient levels change and their stability over time. I enjoyed the vid!

Thanks for sharing that info. Probably most hobbyists wouldn't call your nutrient levels elevated. The Rich Ross reference you showed, that guy definitely runs high nutrients. My results basically agree with what you're saying in the video - I'm just too busy to monitor and manage N and P so they soar.

This is some great info. Thanks for the In depth look and research.

Nice video. My reef always has elevated Phosphate and Nitrates and is doing well :)

that paper puts alot into perspective. I myself have experienced the nutrient fever, constantly trying to keep them close to zero. I believe once they put the low nutrient theory out there it become profitable to monopolize on this and out came the mechanisms and snake oils. google any reef tank issue and products pop up to remedy it. the reefs are full of biological processes and so are aquariums. its all about bacteria and processes. I only have issues when I try to change something to meet my wants.

Great video. I had my PO4 above 2.5 for over a month. At first the acros colored up a great deal but stopped growing. Then the skin looked a little bumpy like it wanted to grow but wasn't getting the skeleton growth to support it. Being somewhere in the middle(.04-.5) I would assume is the key. I have since lowered it under 0.1. I have also noticed that an established tank deals with high nutrients much better than a new tank started with dead rock. Add a piece of dead rock to the tank under light and watch it become an algae factory within weeks.

Great vid! I'm still in the learning phase of things so this is much needed help. No I wont do drastic changes but will monitor close. Thanks

Great video. Im in agreement with you. I believe keeping N + P low while your tank matures is important. I will help with the dinos and cyano. But a lot of things can factor on how your tank matures. Husbandry, Bio load, flow, lighting. Once the tank matures I have seen N + P don't affect corals as much. Im currently P: .46 ppm and N: 20 ppm. That's kinda high/dirty but the tanks never looked better.

I had several sps and lps corals in a thriving well established 75 gal reef... a beautiful huuuge blue stag, several acros including a beautiful orange table, torches, hammers, finger (leather), star polyps, xenia frags etc... long story short I had an incident that made my standard of husbandry and frequency of water changes impossible for an extended period... Nitrates and phosphates shot through the roof... I faced my first crash... kind of... I lost a few fish, but I had a ridiculous bio-load at the time that compounded the lack of decent husbandry very quickly. BUT the star polyps and leather corals thrived so well in a higher nitrate/phosphate system that the colonies exploded and literally overgrew everything. I was not in a position to thin them out at the time. A few of my fish, namely my hippo and yellow tang, also did not mind the increased algae growth. Somehow at 80+ ppm nitrate my Rose bubble tip survived although it did split... I attribute that to the wonderful job my gold banded maroon clown does of nurturing the anemone. My dragon mandarin and the amphies and copepods also seemed relatively unaffected... it didnt look the best but I was shocked at how well most of the tank got along without me... that was years ago. My reef has since done very well with a reduced bio load and NO water changes... I run a sulphur denitrator, and some gfo in a reactor, a good skimmer, a dsb in the sump w some macro and high output led's, metric crap ton of live rock and all the little critters (which sadly were the first to go during the crash)... I try to keep nitrates between 5-10 ppm which can be tricky as the sulphur reactor does its job amazingly well once its seeded... I have to dose calc and a few other supplements occasionally but my pH remains stable (it seems through ANYTHING). I don't aim for undetectable, just stable. I absolutely believe what you're saying, although I'd emphasize that "high" for trate is 20-30ppm... 80+ppm isnt just high for nitrates... its eventually toxic to alot of reef livestock, and others, amazingly enough, thrive even there... it's all about balance once a tank is established imo. I can agree, through personal experience, that maintaining nutrients at relatively medial levels can actually benefit your reef a great deal... good husbandry, balance and stability are the name of the game... I love your videos man. Thank you for taking the time!

Just linked this video in my last video on the subject of nutrients. Im not as articulate but I am also experimenting and finding the nutrients are the secret sauce. lol. Thanks for this awesome video.

I run a mixed reef that I transition off of NoPox before adding a refugium which spiked my nutrients then quickly flat-lined them to virtually undetectable via Red Sea test kits. My Nitrates are now finally higher than my phosphates as I venture further into the SPS realm of the hobby. Thanks for posting the video!

Glad you aquarium is doing good. There's a lot of gray areas here.

I think the key you hit on was control of nuisance algae when nitrates and phosphates are feeding it. The two reasons make very much sense (enough leftover nutrients for the corals, plus controlling the competition for those nutrients) - it’s a very fine balance.... Haha, I’m starting to wonder if the question we reefers need to ask ourselves is, “WWMND?” What would Mother Nature do? 😁😁😁

A lot of interesting information here. Thanks for sharing.

Thanks for sharing! This video is very well prepared and informative!

Great video! keep it up! we need more guys like you in the saltwater hobby

A very interesting video which has given me reason to re-think some of my approaches. Thanks for sharing dude.

Coincidentally, i've just recently setup my new redsea reefer peninsula 500L with an algae reactor and things seem to be going really well(i seeded the new tank with mature rock, sand, and canister biofilter from my old setup). I've now removed my old canister biofilter, skimmer, and filter socks, been very careful to remove all mechanical filtration and very limited water exchanges. Everything seems to be going great. Just got my first chaetomorpha harvest of 40grams / baseball size. New acropora frags seems to be going well and other corals looking good.

I've experienced the very same thing in my battle with dino's as well. My only struggle at the moment is trying to keep N03 and P04 from bottoming out in my tank. I dose both every other day, I've removed my skimmer, been leaving my filter sock in for 10 days (which I may remove altogether) and just today I've removed a pc of Marine Pure block from my sump. The only filtration I have left is my live rock, a filter sock and an algae scrubber which I may remove next. Everything you read is all about how to lower these bad elements and I agree with you 100%, my tanks never looked better since trying to keep these higher thank zero. My goal is N03 .5-1.0 and P04 around .02. For anyone with values of zero I think you're headed for trouble. My battle with dino's had me on the brink of giving up a 30 yr hobby and the answer was elevated levels of nitrate and phosphate. Thanks for sharing what seems to be a 180 on current trends and learned through experience.

The secret to this hobby is to not be too obsessed with monitoring/numbers and stability..which means, give nature time to do its thing. Stability is the number 1 key

Interesting to find this video along with TM now selling Phos/Start and Phos/Feed. Still seems to be getting some flack from RHF on R2R.

I think the information gets lost in the community since many people are inputting their experiences. With this, we'll have seasoned reefers with 5, 10 even 20 year old systems. Then newer reefers That have been in the hobby for 5 years or so, but have tanks mature to 2 to 3 years. Higher nutrients and your corals will be happier, makes sense. But a lot in this hobby makes sense, and I keep finding more troubles it seems. I think control on a younger tank and slowing progress the levels as the tank matures. Like after 3 or so years of control. That seems to make sense. But, what did I just mention about sense?? God I love this hobby!!!

Very interesting and nicely explained, thanks!

Stability is the key, I do not do water changes on my tank. I will say I am heavy on my filtration. I run carbon, phosguard, biopellets, filter socks and skimmer but I do not to water changes but I dose Cal/Mag ALK as needed. I keep my nitrates on the 20 below range. I realized that every time I did water changes the problem would clear up and then it was back to where it was. At that point I said it's just a waste in time and money just later find out when I went to the local lfs to watch the own siphon the detritus into a filter and let the filtered water go back into the sump. I asked how often they did water changes and he replied by saying rarely ever unless in a emergency situation and as long as the filtration is on point everything will be fine.

Excellent presentation , well done !

my phosphates shot right up at one point when i start overdosing amino acids. and i did saw lots of algae growth because i have a nano tank with no herbivores, but i noticed my leather coral size doubles in a month.

Very very informative and great to learn from this video..

My tank had nitrates around 30-40 and my corals and anemone were doing so well! Lps we’re expanding so nicely and anemone was doing so well too, i decided to bring my nitrate down and guess what, im now on undetected nitrates and my corals aren’t opening as large and my anemone is losing its colour as if its bleaching. Doesnt open as big also. Used to open up to 6-7 inches but now only 3. My torches used to expand out like hugeee but now its only expanding a little like an inch from the head... damn my tank was doing so much better when i had more nitrates. No wonder the guy at the lfs told me to keep my nitrates at 20ppm for the anemone.

i have a 12gallon and the tanks always had like 20-40ppm nitrates and low phosphates, there is a reddish brown montipora plating type coral that has recently grown out of the side of the live rock, i dont dose the tank and just let it do its thing with water changes every 2-3 weeks atleast.

Subbed, great content. I was wondering for quite some time looking at marine life on how smaller, potentially enclosed ecosystems work in general, and came to a similar conclusion, that algae growth is probably controlled by nature itself. Great to have reassurance that in fact theres no need to really bleach out the tank because you have inhabitants in it.

great video, i wouldnt call your params "high" though. spot on for a mix reef. high phosphates would be above .50 and high nitrates above 20ppm. IMO and not sure if you touched on this, but levels that high are sustainable as well if your alk is up. its been proven tanks will do well with high nitrates/phosphates if alkalinity is also high, and in the 9-12dkh range. if alk is low, nutrients need to be low too.

My nitrates are 25 Now. My corals look better now than they did when nitrates was real low. So I think you maybe on to something lol

Yeah, I’ve experienced same thing when was fighting algae by lowering nutrients. Eventually I got the so low, undetectable, that even soft coral started bleaching. All these organisms do need nitrates and phosphates. And levels even like 50ppm NO3 and 1ppm PO are not going to kill your corals, they just can promote too much algae growth. In my case, though, I always have high nitrates and undetectable phosphates and cannot find the reason why it’s happening, especially because it’s a small 20g tank and all nutrient export I’m using currently is only water changes. Maybe the food matter too. Like, I never feed frozen food (afraid to pollute the water), only pellets.

Neo nitro and neo phos are great products to dose

I was using nopox for a year, was great for the first 6 weeks, wiped all my phosphates a nitrates out but then I spent the rest of the years fighting dinos. I used dino x and blackout, dinos would go then 2 weeks to a month later they would be back. I stopped using no pox rigged up a refugium, which doesn't wipe nutrients out but definitely keeps my ph stable and the dinos disappeared.

My ribs never look so great since I've been carbonizing I think it's a good way to feed the squirrels and keep nutrients and check hopefully still working on it. Still working progress I mean.

The worse part what often happen is the treatment is worse then the disease., stability is the key wild swing will kill corals and most treatment will cause wild swing.

Proof of the pudding is in the eating. And your corals are colored up very nice.

I use a salifert po4 test kit and aslong as it is 0.1 to 0.25 Iam happy I keep my ph at 8.4 and dkh at 9.5 everything is good if I have my whites on too much he to some we algea on Sand but my cronches sort that out over night Iam mainly sps LP's worse thing you can get is a Hanna checker and start chasing stupid numbers if I get to 0.25 ppm po4 I won't feed corals till it lowers I run aquaforest np pro and probiotic s wich converts phosphates and nitrates into food for corals

Surprised u don't have more followers but your info is backed by hard research.

Great video. Love to see a video from you on dosing. Complete guide on how to, like equipment, calculation, testing, etc. Just started following you, great channel. Keep up the great work.

You know this was very interesting..I had a Dino outbreak ... I was at zero nitrates and PO4 was at .02. I raised my nutrients and they went away...My tank looks more vibrant with high Nitrates 15 Ppm and Phosphates at .2 so you may be have a point. I have a refugium to help control algae and excess nutrients. How often do you do water changes and do you run a skimmer? Thanks for the info.

Very well explained and very informative....I got ya 👍

wow i went and worked at the university where the paper was written! very cool

my nitrate was above 100 and algae was killing corals. I did 0. Cut warm lights used bluish and less light 1. 10% water change from sand syphoning. 2. reduction of Bio-Load 2. U.V steriliser for 7 days 3. Vinegar dosing Tank is now stable and I cant see alagae. only little brown alagae and some very hard hair algae like hard green grass on rocks. now I got another shit of flatworms outbreak...I don't know what to do

That exactly why I run fowlr. No water changes, testing, and all inhabitants in the 65 are happy and healthy

0 nitrates and 0 phosphates are the real problem in this hobby. Every time I slack on feeding and my phosphates read 0, my tank sufferes and the bad algeas take over. When I keep my phosphates at .1ppm (hanna checker) and nitrates at 10 to 20 ppm algea disappears and coralline takes over. I think we are killing off the good bacterias that keep algae at bay by stripping nutrients to 0.

Run my nitrates above 25. Everything is thriving. As long as you don’t have algae I don’t think it matters. Stability is all that matters.

Very informative vidéo, merci! Do you have an idea of the kind of nitrate and phosphate levels in the research?

I think because your NO3 and PO4 levels are elevated but also in sync with each other - Nutrient balance = good.

Well you still can’t avoid the fact that elevated nutrients is likely to cause an algae overgrowth. I do think zero readings are not good either but neither are levels that are over 5 for nitrates and .002 for phosphate as these would most likely be higher in reality. You say you have fish that eat it etc but not everyone has a big enough tank to have tangs or enough fish to eat the algae and cleanup crews can be hit and miss so your tank looks great but I don’t think we can dismiss the need to keep nutrients down just yet as the plague of the algae problem is still there. Some people have success with very low nutrient tanks some have success with high nutrients the key is balance and stability your tank is balanced at these levels another won’t be. You need to find the levels that I right for your tank depending on what you have in it and how much you have in it

Great vid very informative..

Very useful info thanks a lot for sharing bro.!

I know this was two years ago but your right I took my nitrates and phosphates up and it helped to kill the Dinos cause I actually got Dinos for keeping the water to clean

In general, reef tanks takes OVER a year to stabilize. ( IF- you have enough biological & mechanical removal). Until then, welcome excessive Nitrates & Phosphates. Some things have to take course.

I have had similar experiences to yours, over the years and I don't think chasing nearly zero N and P is worth the effort and actually increase the risks of making mistakes that can wipe the tank. IMO, SPS will grow well in either low or moderately high level of nutrients, as long there is stability and they aren't touched regularly. Also, that elevated Alk and Ca has a bigger impact on growth, than ultra low nutrients. In fact, nutrient and trace element tweaking - for me - is a method of manipulating colours, not growth.

Hey, I checked my EVS bottles, I didn’t see where the calcium had magnesium in it, recently I had to dose a bunch of magnesium, sorry to get off the subject, ur definitely on to something that I know, higher nitrates and phosphates grow my corals better and faster, ur 100% right!

If anyone follows Sanjay Joshi reef you can definitely see where this could be true he's one of the Master's as they say and last I heard he runs his nitrates about 50ppm

Any chance your success with higher nitrates and Phosphates are due to you keeping the ratio in that 16:1 - 32:1 N:P ratio (redfield) ratio? I've never been able to get them in that tight of a ratio. My nitrates stay between 5-10, but my Phos are lower and more undetectable

You really think 7ppm is a high level for Nitrate? I struggle just to to stay below 40ppm! without Carbon dosing.

Great video.

Can we get numbers in PPM instead of “elevated”!? That is ambiguous.

I like the “pretty rocks” as my wife calls them

When they did the test around nitrate and phosphate you just mentioned elevated levels. What does that actually correspond to in numbers. Did the study mention any actual levels? Thanks for the vid.

I must have missed something... from the graphs, doesn't it show that elevated PO4 showed increased calcification while elevated NO3 showed no change or even decreased calcification? Plus, our testings are showing available nutrients in the water while chemical reactions and uptake in coral/algae often occurs in close proximity... which clouds the issue but ultimately it might mean these organisms use what they need/when they need it as it's available...excess may be detrimental. Dunno. I do know that my tank has had algae blooms with or without testable nutrients as it seems to utilize many ways of growing.

High phos affect acro , but does lower phos and nitrate affect zoas ?

What did they consider elevated nitrate and phosphate to be??

Great...Totally agree !!!! Enough clean up crews will definitely help. My sea cucumber & sea mouse eats green algae in my sand. I m so grateful for them. Only issue now i hv is Bubble algea.......my emerald crabs are not working. Is there any other clean up crew tat can help & yet reef safe ? Also i hv atapsia, butterfly will help but my corals will be eaten up. So any other solution ? Thanks Annie

Are the beneficial levels of nitrate and phosphate you measure, clearly understood to be truly dissolved , or could they actually be particulate? ( I imagine the condition of the nutrients might determine which organisms benefit most. )

Nice one, keep it that way buddy! How about glass cleaning? Is it problematic with your parameters? Or its fine?

Great video. I noticed the US sterilizer on the overflow. Can you let me know how you have that set up?