Thanks! Pinned.

stage 7: the mooshroom cloud, made of mushrooms produced by mooshrooms from mushroom island

@@darkscienceyt put it into the description field to create clickable chapters in the video

Umm, Stage 1 ... The A$$holes responsible ... and ALL the Stages of Death, Destruction, Misery, Mutations, Cancers 🔥

@@Potatoeheadz123 ... Potatoe Head speaks Volumes !!!

I didn't know this. Thanks for the additional information!

@darkscienceyt Additional information, a "half-life" means it's the time period during which half of the remaining material will decay away. During the next half-life, you have a quarter of the remaining amount, and so on. It's possible for more or less of it to *actually* decay during the period, and a detectable amount of radiation isn't necessarily life-threatening. The key elements of dealing with a radioactive environment are time, distance, and shielding in order to control your radiation dose. This means limiting your exposure time, as well as factoring in decay time, and putting distance or shielding (or both) between yourself and the radiation source.

Screw that! I'll go out whenever I please, thank you.

So unless you’re somehow capable of staying in a shelter for 29 years, I guess strive to get to 8 days at least before making short trips only if necessary?

basically, stay at least 3 days before going outside after we blow each other up

i used to think it was some sort of effect from the nuke itself. i was so disappointed to realize i was wrong 😭

To create light it have to emitt more energy - obvious.

@@filipek7553 People coming to a channel called Dark Science obviously need light science explained a little more thoroughly.

@@ateacherwhogames8893 it was about Infrared radiation, heat ;)

@@filipek7553infrared radiation is light, but it heats things up and is generated by heat

@@BisexualPlagueDoctor know that mate, I just didn't put much effort to build proper message BTW thanks for explanation, to be more precise it's high energy wave

based af

That’s rude!

I am getting so tired of longer KZfaq videos that give you the complete history of whatever they’re talking about before they get to the point. I like this video a lot!

@@thedolt9215 that’s disrespectful!

Yes and it will be much better if they use SI units...

@noswim: or hideous background music

I've read that high-speed photos of the gamma photons emitted by the event heating the tower guy wires to incandescence (before the fireball expanded enough to consume them) is what gave Teller/Ulam the idea of how to use that radiation flux to compress the fusion fuel in the "super". Pure genius. Pure, evil genius.

teller light

😢

I really need to watch that movie. Is it streaming anywhere?

Since the first time I know it back in school I couldn't sleep well.

You SUCK dude

​@@babycarrotz32 Basically everywhere on piracy streaming sites

You can if a nuclear detonation occurs while you're watching the video! 🤣

Footage from the Operation Greenhouse shot "Dog" gives some sense of scale thanks to having been exploded at ground level and vegetation contrasting against the fireball

Maybe try it live😎

And how would you know? You pretentious twat.

@@marcse7en HA HA BEZD JOKE IN ALL WURLD

I'd rather see that than people paying money for Windows

you're laughing because he's smart enough to know you can use windows for free... so what, you're smarter than him because you are paying for it??

I know, right? Just completely changed all the info made available. Who can possibly trust the content now?

Came here to say that bugged me too. Otherwise a great video though! ⚛️

@@AE-yp8ty in as much as temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of atoms. It is thought that the speed of the recoiling nuclear fragments is roughly 8000 miles per Second. That velocity is associated with this temperature

what

@@vladivosdog What did I say that confused you?

This is why weapons planners calculate the optimum blast height of the ordnance they plan on using against particular targets. Depending on the vulnerability of particular targets to blast effects, it may be better maximizing blast effects over the largest area possible. On the other hand, if you're going after hardened targets -- often underground -- a surface or subsurface burst may be warranted, as the fireball's expansion shoves aside the earth around it. It also creates greater shockwaves in the ground, potentially crushing underground facilities not close to the detonation.

Yeah but this video was a little misleading. It made out like the longer the half life is, the more deadly and concerning the fallout product. In reality, it's a tradeoff. The longer the half life, the less radioactivity it has at any given time, so therefore, generally speaking, the less dangerous it is. When working with uranium, your primary concern is usually the chemical toxicity, rather than the radioactivity. It just isn't so much of a radioactive hazard like Sr90 is.

@@kzm1934 perfectly said.

That's Uranium 235. Uranium 238 is 4.5 billion years. Keep in mind there are a lot of naturally occurring radioactive elements in our rocks and soil, including uranium. Small amounts of radiation including background sources generally don't cause health problems.

The U-238 (that is only about 10% of the uranium in a bomb) has a half-life of 4.5 billion years - the age of the Earth, and its is exceeded by a good many other isotopes. See Wikipedia, search for "isotopes by half-life".

Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years. Since the earth is about 4.6 billion years old, the amount of Uranium-238 that had existed at the time of the earth's birth has now reduced to half.

Indeed, as -40 is the same value in both units

Hey guys, don't get mad but that is an accurate conversion and you don't know that -40 C is not -40 F

-40 F is 0 C

Some shit like that, -1.7 C

@@dsxa918 No, 0C is 32F, the freezing point of distilled water at sea level. -40C is the same temperature as -40F.

The first flash is sure more blueish, both from the temperature (wien law) and for the ionizing of nitrogen (blue) and Oxygen (green/cyan). The burning cloud is more red/orange/white

@@Familia_nepal_nepal_do_mal12 Interesting! It just seemed to me like they went overboard trying to show how hot and boiling and scary it was lol

Nuclear Vault channel has an hour long video on Operation Ivy, the first fusion bomb made and exploded. It's very informative.

Some people think that Dead and Decomposing Bodies are Beautiful too ... That's why they will make and detonate such disgusting Bombs or go shooting rampages ...

No no no, fission bomb. As far as I know, we are still working on atoms fusing themselves with one another, which would be much, much more powerful than fission based bombs. Atoms normally stay together due to some force to make an object, but are still independent of one another. We never got two atoms to fuse, become one so to speak, as it requires tremendous amount of energy to do so. In the Large Hadron Collider scientists make atoms move at or near the speed of light and as the name suggests, collide atoms with one another. So far they've been able only to break atoms apart into a host of smaller elements, a zoo of never seen before elements as one scientist described it. I don't know if it's quarks or something even smaller, but as you can see, even to this day they are working on atom fusion, which would change our world (and bills for energy) forever, or we already did it, but they're keeping it from us, the general public, just like the Manhattan Project, GPS and the internet before (which was all made for the military; it is said the US army is ahead of the world some 30-50 years, which seems like a stretch, but who really knows).

@@belladonnahigh9206 I'm no physicist, but quite a few sources I've read describe a thermonuclear bomb (or H-Bomb) as a 2 stage bomb utilizing fission for the primary detonation, to create a FUSION reaction for the secondary - which creates the vast bulk of the explosion. I know (a tiny) something of the mammoth high speed centrifuge type collider you're talking about - and from what I remember only in the past 2 years have there successfully been a fusion reaction achieved as it pertains to atomic energy for civilian use. This is something in which I have quite a bit of interest, but you seem to have a much better depth of understanding on all this. Pl take a look at the Wikipedia article "Thermonuclear Weapon" and lmk what you think

@@monto39 I'm no physicist either, I just heard in a documentary, that what we call real fusion has never been achieved, but I heard a long time ago, so things might have changed. I only know that fusion is much, much more powerful than fission, and I just checked a video about (how they're generally called) atom bombs and in it they claim that indeed Hydrogen bombs utilize fusion, hence it is so powerful. I also read about Castle Bravo specifically, or rather listened, where it was 2x stronger than it was supposed to be, stronger than scientists have anticipated, as they thought only (it's general, I can be completely wrong) some material will be utilized in the explosion, while the rest, before it can react, will be vaporized by the explosion. Well, they were wrong, much more of the substance/material took part in the chain reaction and the explosion was much bigger (2x, maybe more, writing this as I recall it). Afterall it was an experiment, which was very costly in human lives. Maybe if they calculated it right there wouldn't be any casualties. OR... it is all a big lie (you don't know if anything they say is real) and they absolutely knew how big of a fireball it would be, they just needed human test subjects, to know the aftereffects. Vietnam war was started on a false premise, two Vietcong boats attacking a US destroyer, how convenient. We know it's a lie, cause even the president at the time stated so "for all I know, they were shooting at whales" or something to that effect. There were never any boats. Just like no evidence of WMD in Iraq, a country that did not pose ANY threat to America, and no evidence of Bin Laden ever being killed, just a statement from the president, which conveniently enough happened during the election season. No picture of the body, buried at sea (sure), and no interviews with the commandos taking part in the op (who I heard, don't know if true, mysteriously died one by one), big nothing. That's also probably, in my opinion, a lie, a lie that helped Obama get reelected. You have a gov. full of liars, cheaters and ppl who generally don't give af about the population, they want total control and riches, and only one person was a thorn in their side, so they completely assassinated his character, accused of things they do themselves, bc he was an outsider, who was very liked before becoming the president. Anyway, that's my take as an European. I gave all those examples, to show you how the explanation for Castle Bravo could be the same thing, a big lie. Not how it works, but the alleged miscalculation. Trivia: Sponge Bob (never watched) happens in the exact place where the bomb went off. Also Japan has its own name for it (third bombing or something).

Nuclear Vault channel has an hour long video on Operation Ivy, the first fusion bomb made and exploded. It's very informative.

I'll check it out!@@iancanuckistan2244

Thanks...always wondered what caused these.

Spikes aren't caused by heat conduction in/through material, which is absolutely piss poor slow method of transferring heat: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/a5eSqt12tJ68c6s.html kzfaq.info/get/bejne/hbhoqMKQrcnGY58.html They're caused by extreme radiation intensity of fireball literally vaporizing surfaces. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope_trick_effect

The x-rays and UV waves coming from the initial chain reaction and the SUPER high-temperature actually cause the air itself to become incandescent and emit light. If you can wrap your head around what would make the air you breathe emit light then you're one up on a lot of people. 😉👍‍#physics

Not to mention that due to the high gamma emission, even with your eyes closed and hands covering your face you would see the light. =/

The rope trick effect is caused by solids yes. It however has nothing to do with heat transfers rate. It's just more opaque to the radiation, therefore it eats up a larger portion of the energy of that flash and so heats up faster.

Sickening !!!

Air bust shock wave hits the ground the bounces back into the fireball

4:44 Those are amazing, considering the paint isn't the only thing to disappear in the light.

theres another video showing how they did that.... used mirrors i think

​@@jairomendoza238The mirror manufacturer definitely has some insane build quality also lol

The cameras were installed in bunkers underground and used periscopes with quartz glass IIRC.

Actually the largest US test, Castle Bravo was kind of failure, because 2½ times larger than estimated yield simply destroyed so much of equipment meant to record data. Along with causing lots of damage to base structures of testing operation in other end of atoll supposedly safe from major damage. (though evacuated) kzfaq.info/get/bejne/htx0qbFm1L_Tiqs.html

Almost mesmerizing...😮

"Destruction is always more abrupt and enticing than creation" Anthony Burgess

Nothing beautiful about Cancer !!!

That almost sounds like "Dr. Strangelove" (A Movie from the 1960's, starring Peter Sellers, and others).

@@blndjamesblndParis Probably not much fun in being vaporized either.

Well, I guess if it stops us destroying each other when applying the M.A.D doctrine, then it's not all bad

Thanks!

XD

boom

thanks!

This comment needs to be pinned up.

I agree 👍

Nothing like a bit of doom, gloom, death, and disaster for raising the spirits? 👍🤣

@@marcse7en yep!

It's really dark think about this could happen about any day now, and how destructive it is. That's what makes this really dark for me.

I am a Baby Boomer 67 Yrs old (born in 1956), We Boomers lived under a nuclear threat from Kindergarten until just before the fall of the Soviet Union. We were taught Duck and Cover drills, had neighborhood nuclear attack sirens that were tested daily ( during the 1960's) and were advised to always know where our closest fallout shelter was. I came to believe that it would be better to be vaporized in an a attack, than endure the very real horror of living a post nuclear apocalypse. @@babycarrotz32

i swear . thease coincidences are wild

Fr this is some lazy tiktok shit

If you want the "complete" explanation, get the book "Blast Wave," by Hans Bethe, et al. The first chapter is written by Bethe and explains the sequence of events from the moment of detonation through shock waves at different distances. After that - you need a really good understanding of mathematics for the remaining chapters to make sense. Another book (which can be difficult to find) is, "The Effects of Atomic Weapons," - Los Alamos National Laboratory (Samuel Glasstone, Executive Editor).

Where ?

ask Wikipedia for Natural nuclear fission reactor (Geological situation in Gabon leading to natural nuclear fission reactors). Natural nuclear fission reactors are only known in two uranium deposits in the world, the Oklo and Bangombédeposits of the Franceville basin: Gabon. Since 1982, five new reactor zones have been discovered in these deposits and studied since 1989 in a cooperative European program @@blndjamesblndParis​

@@blndjamesblndParis Look up the Oklo Reactor or Oklo Mines in Gabon in Africa.

Oklo, Gabon. It was originally discovered by the French who seperated and refined the uranium from the mine. They were expecting a certain ratio of Uranium 238 to Uranium 235 and the numbers were "off". there was much less U235 than they expected and it was a concern that maybe someone was diverting some of the U235 from their production facilities. The difference was between 0.72% that they expected and 0.717% that they were extracting. After investigating they found an increase in non-radioactive decay products in the mineral samples. (things like radium and uranium will naturally decay down to lead that is non-radioactive). Looking at the geology they found that around 1.7 billion years ago there was an area of high Uranium concentration that was functioning as a natural reactor. Uranium can be water soluble and it formed deposits. Water in the uranium ore acted as a natural moderator (it slows down neutrons and increases their capture cross-section). When the rock was wet the reactor would turn itself on. When the rocks got hot and it drove out the water the reactor would turn itself off. It did this for a few hundred-thousand years.

Smoke trails from rockets to see effects of the shockwave right after detonation

not it's not. it's obviously chemical smoke trails that the government uses to turn the frogs gay. @@darkscienceyt

I dont think its a neutron gun as much as it is a neutron generator, Matt bunn talks about them in the belfer institute lectures

I didn't find the diagram, I made it in adobe illustrator. The diagram is not an accurate depiction of the implosion device. The neutron gun is placed off to the side to help illustrate how the implosion sequence works. I believe the neutron gun is placed in the middle of the charges, behind the plutonium core.

The zipper initiator was used starting in about 1955 in the Teapot series. It is a linear accelerator that frees neutrons by spallattion. It's not aimed; the neutrons go in every direction. They are outside the explosion material since neutrons can travel through normal matter essentially freely.

@@sam2902it’s totally healthy that I often fall asleep to Matt Bunn’s “How Nuclear Bombs Work” lectures, right? Surely that’s some kind of mental health red flag, but those lecture videos manage to translate something that begets unimaginable horror & violence into an unobtrusive, almost ASMR-like documentary I can reliably snooze to.

You might want to read Tom Clancy's novel, "The Sum of All Fears". About a nuclear terrorist attack.....

Thanks!

You hope! ... Kim Jong Putin may have different ideas? 🤣

@@marcse7en Yes, this is why!

Gamma rays and hard x-rays originate from the nucleus. Soft x-rays comes from the k-shell electrons

The red playbutton man works in confusing ways.

Tell that to Kim Jong Putin! 🤣

I think the white ring are clouds being pushed away by the shockwave, but what do you mean with "shadows on people"?

As nuggetospaghetto said, the rings are clouds being pushed by the shockwave and heat. People weren't blown up by Fat Man and Little Boy, they were either vaporized or burned. The shadow you're referencing is scorched or "bleach" concrete, wood etc. from the pulse of radiation from the detonation. The same thing happens when you wear a shirt and get sunburned. The areas that are covered have no burn marks, but exposed skin (forearms, neck) do as they were exposed. The "shadows" aren't actually shadows, just spots where the backdrop was covered by a person or object and therefore not scorched by the radiation.

As for shadows, they are shadows "of" pepole. The fireball vaporized them, and created a human shaped shadow on a wall. Of the people who died, they were the "lucky" ones, if you can call it that.

It was probably a typo when he said on not of.

It's like standing in a 4-foot swimming pool. You push your hands down sharply into the water. You create a sharp disturbance that caves the water in (explosion). In a second, the displaced water rushes up into the air. The shock wave reaches back across the pool, as the water gets sucked in to replace what you just pushed down. This is why, on films, you see an explosion, immediately followed by a sucking reversal of the air. It's the reversal of airflow that pulls all the shit up into the atmosphere, then it just gently falls down over the Dollar General. Damn; I wanted that Hamburger Helper.

The fireball is superheated air and under extreme pressure, not a vacuum. Once the shockwave travels outward, the air becomes less dense than the surrounding air, creating a buoyancy effect. This creates the famous stem of the mushroom cloud that sucks material up from the ground.

@@charliefoxtrot5001 i disagree....the fireball is not a virial mass. When fission occurs the fragments of the nucleus recoil from each other, and this kinetic energy is directed outwards at relativistic speeds. This forms a thin spherical shock composed of the fission products and bomb debris. A bubble. And very low pressure on the interior. The shock, in turn, slams into the surrounding atmosphere and heats it up to x-ray temperatures. That, and the decay of unstable fission products forms the fire ball, or more correctly fire bubble. It is this low pressure bubble that sucks up the debris from the ground.

@@user-cr5yy4te3i Disagree all you want, but physics is physics. Fission releases an enormous amount in energy within a few microseconds in the form of electromagnetic and ionizing radiation. Most of it is x-rays. Soft x-ray radiation superheats the surrounding air in a matter of microseconds, creating the fireball. The fireball is hot plasma, which ain't vacuum. The shock wave from the exploding bomb travels from the bomb within the fireball and then exiting the fireball, at which point it temporarily obscures the fireball. This is the famous double flash effect with nuclear detonations. Once the shockwave has passed, the superheated air is simply so less dense than the surrounding air that it travels upward, creating the mushroom cloud. By the way, all large explosions create a mushroom cloud, as explosions are nothing but superheated gases that are suddenly created. www.atomicarchive.com/science/effects/fireball.html en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nuclear_explosions en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_cloud

Bomb!

Bomb.

indeed

Correct. The video narrator should have used the term fissile rather than radioactive.

This is true, but Little Boy was a very inefficient design. The implosion design became the standard one for all fission weapons to include the hydrogen bomb's fission stage.

@@dmac7128 yep, gun-type is not efficient, but for the fissile U-235 it's pretty much the only way to go, as this metal is not as easily compressible as the Pu-239. It was also simpler to design than implosion type, but thus less safe.

It had its effect even mentioned in video, on the other hand its only 60 kg distributed on a very big area + long half life means it decays very slowly.

Because of the long half life of Plutonium, it does not decay very quickly and therefore is not all that radioactive. The main radiation hazard from the detonation of a fission bomb comes from the fission products that are produced in the explosions. Many short lived isotopes are produced, that account for the overwhelming majority of the produced radiation for the first few months or years after detonation. All of these have half lifes shorter than 90 years, so are mostly decayed by now. There's only 7 isotopes with half lifes over 90 years (they're all over 211.100 years). Because they are comparatively stable, they don't decay as frequently and thus aren't all that radioactive, just like Plutonium-239 with a half life of 24.110 years. The main isotope to worry about after the more short lived isotopes have decayed is Iodine-129, which, despite not being all that radioactive and only being produced in small amounts, poses a health risk because it accumulates in the thyroid gland and causes thyroid cancer. But it is roughly 1 billion times less radioactive than the short lived Iodine-131 that in return decays by half in just 8 days.

@@zockertwins wow thanks

Also, Hiroshima and Nagasaki were both essentially air bursts. Much of the vaporized plutonium or uranium was disbursed over a very wide area. Ground bursts are much nastier.

@@larrybell726 Yes, that is also an important factor to consider. A ground burst kicks up a lot of dust and other particles into the air that become contaminated with radioactive material and rain down as fallout. An airburst in contrast doesn't create a lot of fallout.