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The vertebral column is also known as spine or back bone, enclose and protect the spinal cord, supports the head and serves as the point of attachment for ribs, pelvic girdle and muscle of the back.
The vertebral column is composed of series of 26 irregular bones called vertebra divided into 05 regions
(01) The cervical region (Cervic = Neck) = 07 cervical vertebrae
(02) The thoracic region ( Throac = Chest) = 12 thoracic vertebrae
(03) The lumber region = Contains 05 lumber vertebrae
(04) The sacral region = Contains 05 sacral vertebrae that are fused to form the single sacrum
(05) The coccygeal region = Contains 04 coccygeal vertebrae that are fused to form the single coccyx or tailbone
The total number of vertebrae is 33 before the fusion of the sacral and coccygeal to form a single sacrum and coccyx, respectively
Important points -
The cervical, Thoracic and lumber vertebrae are movable whereas the sacrum and coccyx are fixed.
Each vertebra is identified by the first letter of its region followed by a number indicating its position. Example = the top most vertebrae is called as C1 and third thoracic vertebrae are called C=T3
A typical vertebra has the following parts - (A) The body (B) The vertebral Arch (C) processes
The body = The body of each vertebra is a thick disc shaped anterior portion that varies in size at different region. They are the smallest in the cervical region and become large towards the lumbar region.
(B) The vertebral Arch = It is the area behind the body and forms the posterior and lateral walls of the vertebral foramen. The lateral walls are formed from plates of bone called- pedicles and the posterior wall are formed from laminae. The vertebral foramen is a large space present between the vertebral arch and the body
(C) Processes - The vertebral arch has seven processes
The transverse processes on each side of the vertebra, and present at the point where pedicle joints lamila
A single spinous process is at the back where the two laminae meet. These three processes serve as the points for muscle attachments
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