Earth should really stop losing all those islands. Pretty irresponsible of it. Great video by the way! Glad to have contributed.

England having a land border with France? I can't imagine a worse timeline.

2:54 - Doggerland - A sunken land mass connecting the British Isles to mainland Europe 11:10 - The Grand Banks - A few sunken land masses off the east coast of Canada 23:23 - The Channel Islands - Use to be a larger single landmass off the coast of California called Santa Rosae 27:33 - The Tuamotu Atolls - Use to be an island archipelago in the South Pacific 29:06 - Sunken Island Chains in the South Pacific off the north east coast of Papua New Guinea use to be more prominent 30:56 - Salas Y Gomez Ridge - A series of sunken island chains near Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the South Pacific 33:56 - The Mascarene Plateau - A sunken island archipelago in the West Indian Ocean between the Seychelles and Mauritius islands off the east coast of Madagascar

Regarding the Scotian Shelf: The Mi’kmaq, the local indigenous people, have likely been here at least 10,000-13,000 years, but there are some gaps in the archaeological record. It has been theorized that their ancestors actually settled parts of the Scotian Shelf that were exposed during the last glacial maximum, resulting in these sites now being covered by ocean. Considering they were historically a semi-nomadic people with strong fishing and boating traditions, it would make sense that they would settle the coast and gradually retreat inland as the waters rose.

Am i the only one who wants a full map of the earth but with these islands and the lands from the lost continents video? I think that would be so cool looking.

You joke about a place on the east coast of Canada called "Auckland" and confusing people, but every once and a while, a news story pops up about a tourist winding up in Sydney, Nova Scotia, when they meant to book their flight to Sydney, Australia. Naming any extra islands in the general vicinity of Cape Breton after anything found in the Southern Hemisphere would just be on brand.

It's awesome that you touched on the Mascarene Plateau. In geography class in high school in the late '90s, our teacher asked us to write a profile of a fictional country located somewhere on Earth. I created a country out of the whole Mascarene Plateau, imagining that it was hundreds of meters higher than in reality. I made a whole backstory about its peopling, its culture, and its role in world history, similar to Cody's speculations at the end of the video. I also drew maps for it and imagined different tropical landscapes and biomes across the large island. I unfortunately lost the poster and description I made some time during high school, but I still remember it fondly as one of my best and most imaginative school assignments.

One thing about the "Dogger Island" and other glacial moraine formed islands is that they are basically just gravel piles. This means that they would have no mineral wealth (coal, iron, copper, ect), or atleast only in the form of nuggets. This would definitely lock the inhabitants behind in terms if technology until they started trading with a mainland culture with access to substantial ore veins.

42 minutes? Holy Gods of Atlas, we have been blessed.

These videos just keep getting better! I've been hoping to see you make a video on the Aral Sea, but if there's enough content there, an "Earth's Lost Seas" video might be a nice inverse-companion to this one...

Doggerland is so fascinating because it is really a lost world. I live in The Netherlands and I was walking on the beach not long ago and I found a piece of mammoth bone. I still have it and it is makes it special if you found it yourself, but it's not even that exceptional because the waves just drop these treasures every day. Even pieces of human skulls are found

Just to clarify a few history points: -The Celts were/are Indo-European themselves. They were simply historically the first Indo-European tribes to settle (overtaking true pre-Indo-European tribes) most of Western Europe before the expansions of mainly the Germanic, Italic, and Slavic tribes. -The British Isles were first settled by the Celts (again, overtaking pre-Indo-European peoples), followed briefly by the Romans, but they didn't really stay too too long, then came the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, then the Vikings, and then finally the Normans.

I would say Doggerland (island version) would have had a very similar history to the Orkneys and the Shetlands-a cross between the Scandinavian and British worlds.

I can't believe you don't have 1M subscribers yet?! Your content is such a high quality. Super engrossing.

If Dogger Bank had been a higher, longer-lived island, I could actually see it being another refuge of the Neolithic Farmers that occupied most of Europe before the Corded Ware folks came out of the east (the Corded Ware folks came in and appear to have dominated and intermixed with the Farmers, or even mostly replaced them like in the UK). Sardinia was like that as well - genetically, native Sardinians are mostly Neolithic farmer in ancestry, whereas most of Europe is a high mix of those and Corded Ware people.

Regarding the Grand Banks area, it's no longer a great fishing place because from the 1950s to when Canada started regulating it in the early 1990s, fishing ships with increasingly absurd technology pretty much flattened the cod population, to the point of annihilating a number of fishing villages that had been operating in Newfoundland for more than a century. It's a bit of a sore topic for the descendants of those folks. As for possible settlers of an island there, I'm surprised you didn't consider the indigenous people of Newfoundland. The Mi’kmaq, at least, did survive partially based on cod fishing, and while they may not have initially had any interest in going out that far, at some point over the 8000 or so years they were there, someone could have gotten swept out in that direction, found shelter on the island, and managed to make it back. And then "oh hey, there's this island out there that's kinda a great place to live, and it's a lot warmer than here" would make it just as attractive to the Mi’kmaq as it did to the Vikings. (Perhaps more so, given Vikings tended to like raiding and/or trading with other iron-age civilizations.) And while we have found archaeological evidence that confirms at least the very rough details of the Vinland Saga, it's very notable that they approached Newfoundland from the Northwest. That suggests they took a similar navigational path to many trans-atlantic flights do - bouncing from coastline to coastline rather than going out into the middle of nowhere. I'd suggest that Grand Banks Island might have been a possible next step of exploration from the Viking settlement on Newfoundland, but that settlement failed. (which according to the Vinland Saga is because the peoples they met there managed to drive them away...which is impressive considering they would be one of the very few cultures the Vikings met where they'd have had a distinct technological advantage - European subtleties of iron smelting might have offered one group or the other a slight edge, but iron weapons are distinctly superior to stone, wood and bone, which is what the indigenous population (possibly the Beothuk, according to Kathrine Gilks in the replies) would have had access to. Kinda suggests that they were pretty badass.) Thus there were no expansions into other more comfortable parts that they could have reached (we can tell by the lack of anything that suggests they made it to Nova Scotia or down into the States), so reaching Grand Banks Island from that approach seems unlikely. Conversely, the Basque would almost certainly have set up fishing villages if there was a land to put them on. Deep ocean fishing is dangerous work, which is why most fishing villages are found in places where fish are in relatively local waters. Having a village where you could pack up the catch of the day from all the little fishing vessels and send them over in a larger ship would probably make the whole exercise much safer. And if you're right about not considering the First Nations as a possible early source of settlement, it would be literally free real estate. (And if they were both there, it's very possible the Basque might have established a more successful relationship...from what I've read, the Sagas' account of the Vinland expedition indicates that it was the Vikings who kicked things off by killing someone they thought had been stealing from them. This...didn't go over very well and the idea of weregild doesn't really translate to other cultures all that well. Especially not if they don't have the obsession with money that European cultures tended to have.)

Atlas Pro: The Earth is active, nothing stays the same Mia: You know who else doesn't stay the same... *PET ME, BABY* A wise cat beyond her years, the finest geographer of all

Why be an island when you can be a peninsula instead? *This post was sponsored by the Korea gang* why be isolated geographically, when you can be isolated politically?

Every single one of your videos is a masterpiece that outshines my pending PhD thesis, and you put them out every month or so. The fact that you aren't a professor already is a shame but also a blessing for the rest of us, because you're teaching the world about biogeography and now even presenting original ideas and research.

32:00 I would like to point out a correction to this, you say 6k-8k years ago for the earliest settlements on the SA Pacific coast, but there is at least Monteverde in Southern Chile dating to around 15k. That gives more time for the possible westward expansion, but there is the problem of a subducting trench in between making the "Nazca island chain" farther away from the coastline, and the coastline itself being a desert.

Have you done a video on micro climates yet? Mt. Kilimanjaro has some really cool ones but a video on really small micro climates like near waterfalls or particular hillsides would be very interesting too

If dogger island existed into the viking error, there is no way it would have remained isolated untill the vikings arrived! it is far to easily reached from England, and so we could expect it to have a very similar setlement history as Enlglad. So by the time the Vikings would arrrive they would find a Romano-celtic, angle saxon fusion culture just as they found in England.

feel like this guy is spraying himself with catnip before filming

It's interesting that this discussion is even being taken. I'm trying to rack my brain about where on YT I watched something where they discussed finding things from what would be "Doggerland" and how basically it mentioned that it was a well cultured place from a conglomerate of peoples and animals. Love the content, so happy that your channel popped up!

Re: the farther out island also g the Grand Bank - we do already have evidence of minor colonization via fishing colonies by the French and Basque on the outer edges of the Canadian Atlantic islands, it wouldn't be a massive stretch of the imagination for such villages to pop up on the island as a way to process and pack the fish caught in the region, much like the more inland islands were used

This reminds me of the historic landscape analysis that we had to do in collage. Looking at the groundlayers sinds the last ice age. My region (10 km2 squere Gouda to Alphen aan Den Rijn NL) lost a lot of significance due shifting flow patterns of rivers. This might be a fun thing to look futher into? Love the chanel!

I don't know what kinda video editing crack you've been doing lately but the last 5 or 6 uploads of yours have absolutely blown my mind. I'm always trying to show people the one about extinct birds. Love all the videos, keep it up dude!

This might be my favourite video of yours. You've brought together tons of your past content in a way that makes a pretty entertaining video for anyone, and a blast of fun for long time fans. Kudos my man keep up the great work!!

I actually raised Doggerland out of the sea on an earth map minecraft server. Even better, I got the dirt to do it by getting rid of Denmark.

The biggest take away from this is that I would absolutely listen to a podcast with you and alternatehistoryhub talking about lost land masses

Rapa Nui remarks are so interesting, especially considering the fact that according to local legends, there were two tribes of people on the island - hanau epe and hanau momoko that at one point came into conflict that ended with the extermination of the former. So maybe people of the American origin were living there first and the Polynesians came later.

Have you considered looking at, examining, and quantifying alternate Earths with different geography, like the Great Lakes Earth Project or the world of Draconology? (they are really quite interesting)

If Doggerland was around in the Viking times, I really think it would’ve improved the power of the Vikings and their influence on the world.

I really liked you went into the colonies of the former chains of Pacific Islands once above sea level. Using Universe Sandbox, lowering sea levels, I too noticed just how many of those islands would have been above sea level during the last ice age and beyond. Some argue the current islands are far too distant to randomly come across if the Pacific Islanders were to try that today or in recent history. But as you point out and is obvious to anyone seeing how many were above sea level in the past, it is very possible to colonize them in the distant past. Unfortunately, as you also point out, eventually, they would get smaller, further apart, or disappear under the ocean altogether. Just like sunken lands in the Atlantic, so too I suspect achient artifacts to be on those sunken islands, yet to be discovered. Those will likely continue to push the earliest colonization dates back thousands of years, if not 10s of thousands. Maybe even multiple times in the last 300,000 years of modern humans, adapting to climate change, ice ages, and sea level changes. Not to mention any related Earthquakes mega tsunamis, flooding, etc.

I really love this collaboration you both complete each other’s knowledge so well and I love just hearing you talk

Sweet potato, a staple throughout Polynesia, came from South America, so there was definite migration westwards across the Pacific at some point.

I noticed another big island off the Atlantic coast where the Isles de Madalyn survive today in the Gulf of St Laurence. But it would have been similar to the others.

I bet the story of Atlantis was inspired by retellings of one of these events. Kinda like all the great flood stories we see through history.

Just listening to the section where you're discussing the Vikings rampaging Dogger Island... Neither of you considered the possibility of the Dogger people being another version of the Vikings?

I figure this video was more about more ancient islands but i wanted to mention what i think is another very interesting lost landmass. Heracleion known by its egyptian name Thonis. It was a port city near Alexandria and it served as one of the main ports of the roman empire, it survived all the way to early muslim period of egypt (roughly 8th century). It would eventually be submerged totally because the soil liquified but i think its interesting because it survived far into recorded history and its importance was mostly forgotten.

In Rapa Nui, apart from the Mohais, there is a construction mural similar to the Incas in Cuzco, as well as stories from Spanish chroniclers about pre-Hispanic travels and existing legends in Mangareva.

we theorizing a germano-basque numenor ? The mascarene archipelago part blowing the caribbean out of the water! Amazing! Would love to see more collaborations between AHH & AP.

It’s really fun to hear your conversation with Cody, partly because we get to hear your "real" speaking voice. I mean, I love that you narrate your videos in a way that is extremely easy to understand and precisely enunciated, but I know that’s not how you speak in your day-to-day conversations…especially not to your adorable kitty!

The "You Know" drinking game would be absolutely, punishingly, brain destroyingly devastating in those unscripted chat parts. my favourite: "pre, you know, pre-germanic" and "you know, launch, you know"

The detail of Earth in these videos is incredible. Keep up the great work!

9:43 the bretons and the welsh are indo-european though. celtic languages and cultures were much more widespread across europe before the spread of germanic and italic and things like that, but celtic is indo-european just like they are. in fact, celtic and italic are very closely related, possibly making up their own branch of indo-european

I love how your videos are so long I can just sit back and watch for ages

A modern alternate fiction novel series featuring these islands could really be fascinating

I actually discovered sable island while I was just looking at google earth I thought, huh what a weird island in the middle of the sea I wonder what it’s story is, but I I never knew until today, so thanks for that :P

I imagine Ceaser would have been on that island long before norsemen. It could have been little england essentially and a weird buffer island between france and england. Edit: More than likely I imagine do to it's location Dogger island would be similiar to Brittany on a political level and perhaps culutural as well.

For an interesting one gained and lost in more recent times is Ferdinandea/Graham Island (depending on who you ask) in the Mediterranean, near Sicily. It's popped up above the surface and been washed away 4 times since 300BC, and the most recent of these, in the 1800s, sparked a 4 way dispute over rule of the island between the Kingdom of Sicily, the United Kingdom, France, and another country that I can't find listed in my quick skimming of Wikipedia. This dispute lasted from shortly after its emergence in August until it once again fell beneath the waves in December, and was only resolved by the island's collapse making the dispute a moot point.

I wonder how these guys would use their geography knowledge to plan a terraforming of Mars.

Bruh it's like being in one of my geography lessons, but I'm actually entertained and learning

I keep forgetting just how recent other lands have been in existence. There's so little people learn about or know about our own world and it's criminal we don't teach it. I thank the internet for allowing me to know these things.

I usually don't listen to podcasts or really anything but music when I i work but I have been binging your channel for several hours while working on m map for my game. Thank you. 😊

One really interesting thing about what if more of the Seychelles was exposed is that those islands would even have been home to their own unique genus of crocodile, because we have a fossil taxon named Alabrachampsus from the nearby aldabra atoll!

I love the crossovers of the Atlas Pro Universe. :D It is good to see, good writing and see how the dots are connected. :D

Atlas Pro is the true definition of quality content.

Bizarre mentioning from AlternateHistoryHub regarding the Vikings as though they would be the only invaders of Doggerbank. If it was only a few meters higher, it would have been fairly similar to Britain: Celtic, then Roman, then Germanic before the Vikings ever appear. They wouldn't be time capsule islands.

Is there any relation between sinking Islands and the myth of Atlantis? Would be a fantastic video if there was any correlation

I have a question about Doggerland. There's the theory of a tsunami form Norway (Storregger) and the theory of a breaking glacial dam holding back the great lakes. Can anyone answer which it was?

Kinda surprised you didn't bring up any of the old seamounts from the Hawaiian hotspot that were once islands. On the same note, looking at the Aleutians with lower sea levels might have some interesting results.

It’s crazy to think doggerland was still around when gobekli tepe was built

I had my breath held for you to mention the seamounts off-shore of British Columbia and Alaska like Bowie Seamount-- my favorite lost islands! Several of them would have had their peaks exposed during the LGM and are suspected to have served as ice-free stepping-stones for the migration of humans into North America. Bowie's peak is ~25m below sea level in the present day!

Forget Doggerland I'd rather live on Catterland where Mia is the Supreme Leader

Grand Banks Island sounds like a paradise for dads; a secluded, far away place whe dads could boat, fish, and tell fishing tales and stories to one another. We should get Grand Banks back for our dads. Who's with me?

Great job on all of your videos, I always look forward to them. I love learning about lost islands and lands. Keep up the great work, you're so close to 1 million subscribers 😁

I love the total "what if" geographical geek out

This has been one of your best works. What mind blowing research! There are also a couple of sunken Islands/cities in Indian folklore, Dwarka being the biggest example. I was kinda hoping you'd cover that too, since that was a bustling city going underwater only a few thousand years ago.. :)

Weird to think about that islands would disappear in such a short period of time. Also I love your cat :D

hyped for episode 2 of the atlas pro and Alternate history hub podcast

I recently found your channel and I must say that I really love your videos (especially the Island biogeography miniseries) and the effort that you put into them. Keep it up bro

I'm thinking that if the Dogger Island still existed and a sizeable population ended up trapped there, the would have had generations to watch their lands shrinking. That would give them a very strong incentive to develop a naval culture of their own very early on, as they lost more and more of their farming and hunting grounds and started to harvest the sea instead. By the time the middle ages come around, they might have actually reached a population level where their island wasn't enough to sustain their population and they'd start raiding instead.

I know you said 500 years before Columbus, but the Basques are known to have been in Labrador and Newfoundland right around or even before the Portuguese secret expeditions to that part of the world, and their ships and archaeological sites cab be found in modern Red Bay, Labrador.

There is actually another ridge in South America, the Nazca ridge. It goes from the coast of Nazca, in Peru, all the way to the Salas y Gomez ridge, near the Desventuradas islands. It's basically two different ridges that are connected.

This video came up in my recommended and I'm so glad it did, subscribed! Can't wait to see what else you have in store, next I'll be listening to you and Cody nerd out for an hour.

It was pretty funny how you mentioned so many other videos you've made in this video. I think that also shows just how interconnected our world is and how much geography plays a part in all other parts of our history.

Another great video. Any chance that you'll do a video about the natural and artificial waterways of New York? The Hudson, Mohawk, and Champlain valleys are what made New York the Empire State.

I never knew how much I needed a voice clip of Cody saying the word "boppin'" before now, thank you.

i came here from alternate history hub and im already in love with your channel :)! seeing bits of the convo with him was really interesting too. your presentation and style of speaking makes me feel like a student sitting in on a lecture, not a kid watching a youtube video like i actually am

This channel does wonders for my geography class!!!

I saw something about small mammoths on Wrangle Island ( near Alaska ) as well.

What if that dogger-bank/island was where the legend of atlantis originated from? (Because we all know how bad we are at the telephone game)

This guy is something else. This is the first time I see himself talking in the video, what I’m impressed is that it looks like he’s just talking, not reading an script.

This video makes me wonder: is there any difference in Bio-diversity between underwater land that has never been above water, and land that has been above the water

I know how hard it is to explain things like this flawlessly. Great job

two of my favourite creators in one video. lovely.

Never have I had my home province more talked about with in a KZfaq video, 10/10

your smile is adorable and also thanks for educating us like a pro as usual

I would actually like to open a question since you mentioned how the Polynesians originated from Taiwan somehow. Recent things I encounter may dispute that including genetic research that shows how much of the modern people who now live in what is left of the Sundaland have descended from those who settled there around 70,000 years ago. Meanwhile, evidence of human settlement in Taiwan only dates back about 6500 BCE. It is a good possibility that while Taiwan became the nexus for the Austronesian language, the people who speak it more likely originated from the Sundaland and sailed there, most likely hopping from Luzon after hopping over from the rest of the archipelago and can be traced back to the Sundaland expansion (also, there is the fact that indigenous Taiwanese and Filipinos are closely related, and that indigenous Taiwanese and groups on mainland China are not at all). To me, there is good possibility that seafaring technologies were refined as a result of getting to Taiwan and back but have been developed way before then. I mean, it makes sense since the Meltwater Pulse would have given the biggest impetus to start making better vehicles to go on water. They would have seen so much land being reclaimed by the sea in a generation. Families might have been separated by the rising water, so some might have more motivation than others to make something that is better than simple rafts and canoes. Taiwan, then, would probably be the last stop before they go to the open ocean, and the technology would be spread across the islands, bringing back the Austronesian language which evolve to what we can hear spoken today. Taiwan may be the starting point for the wider Polynesian expansion, but the Polynesian themselves would have originated from all over Maritime Southeast Asia. The technology used on ships that would eventually conquer Samoa, Tonga, Guam, and Hawaii may have been the concerted effort of an entire region of people, not just that of Formosa/Taiwan, and would have roots from the Sundaland. This has also enabled the people to go East, as well, settling in the Seychelles and Madagascar. Of course, this is all just analysis from a laymen with certain biases and my information came from leisurely reading rather than any rigid scholarly research (even if the things I read and watched cite scholarly sources). I still think it's worth talking about since I find it amazing if I myself carrying at least some the genes of people who have lived here continuously for 70,000-ought years, cultivating things like the coconut, the banana, and the chicken, and had to deal with losing half of our land to the sea before braving it out to the sea in search of new lands or find old lands separated by new seas.

I usually don't comment stuff like this but your videos are the most fun, informative and easy to understand among all educational youtubers on the platform

Kitty wants to help Daddy....just too funny and adorable!

If Zealandia existed, then it would probably be colonized by the Dutch and the population would Dutchanesian (Half Dutch half Polynesian) and today the country would be like the United States of the southern hemisphere.

What if the Dogger Islanders became seafarers themselves in addition to the vikings?

9:45 just to clarify, the bretons and the Welsh are celtic, so they're Indo-European. Not sure if he was inferring that they aren't, just clarifying that.

While contemplating the Mascarine and Seychelles, remember the Seychelles are also home to giant tortoises who would have spread throughout the archipelago. In fact, there were giant tortoises on Mauritius and Reunion in the 18th century. The Reunion species lasted until 1840.

24:55 actually not the largest, Paleoloxodon Namadicus or colloquially know as Straight Tusked Elephant was a tad larger, native to East Asia.

Great video. I had no idea these islands were still present up until so recently. The Eastern Pacific stuff, in particular, is very thought provoking. One of the biggest mysteries of Eastern Polynesian prehistory is how the South American sweet potato made it into the area. It just "appeared" in the central Pacific area around 1200AD, and this particular genus of sweet potato, or Kumar, definitely came from S. America. No one is sure how. I studied Pacific prehistory at Auckland University and non of the prof's had any real idea other than Eastern Polynesians made it to S.America, at some point pre 1200AD and then took it back. Why go back if you've made it to the continent? Also, if they did, then wouldn't there be at least some Austronesian genetic markers in the west coastal S. American gene pool? These things tend to happen when different people's meet for the first time. Also, wouldn't there be accounts of this contact somewhere in the oral histories of Eastern Polynesia AND/OR Ecuador/Peru (where this particular genus of kumara comes from)? It sorta makes more sense for South Americans fleeing the continent (between 3000 and 1000 years ago), to make the shorter trip to Rapa nui, and then do some limited island hopping toward the Gambier and Tuomotu archipelago? They would be planting and tending sweet potato etc.. as a food source.wherever they land. They then probably slowly died out over the next few thousand years (perhaps as the islands sunk), then around 1200AD the first Eastern Polynesians made it as far East as Rapa nui and discovered the wild sweet potato, they'd left behind, on some of the remaining islands and took it back etc.. This hypothesis vould explain the lack of evidence of a South American presence in the Eastern Pacific - it's all on the sea bed! One problem I have is why didn't coral reefs form around the sinking islands? Is the water too cold? The whole thing is a really interesting line of thought though. Thanks for the vid. One problem

I’m really glad you didn’t cut out the kitty content because that’s super wholesome and adorable (I see cat in the first minute, I am happy)

It'd incredible to hear Nova Scotia talked about. ❤