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Celiac disease is a disorder which adversely affects the villi present in our small intestine. Villi are small finger-like projections which help in efficient absorption of nutrients.
Now, according to experts, the main culprits behind celiac disease are our genes. If a person has HLA-DQ2 gene or HLA-DQ8 gene, then his immune system is genetically susceptible to a protein called gluten, usually found in wheat, barley, etc. Now, if he eats gluten, his susceptible immune system starts attacking his own villi, thus causing him to develop celiac disease. This leads to inflammation, abdominal pain, etc. Also, if that person still doesn’t stop consuming gluten, then due to the attacks of the immune system, his villi will eventually shorten or flatten, thus causing malabsorption of nutrients through the villi into the blood. This can lead to iron deficiency, weight loss, short stature, etc.