বেদ - The 2nd part of famous Purusha Suktam is explained.
त्रिपादूर्ध्व उदैत्पुरुषः पादोऽस्येहाभवत्पुनः । ततो विष्वङ्व्यक्रामत्साशनानशने अभि ॥ 4
त्रिपादूर्ध्व उदैत्पुरुषः पादोऽस्येह अभवत्पुनः। ततो विष्वङ् व्यक्रामत् साशन अनशने अभि॥ 4||
ত্রিপাদূর্ধ্ব উদৈৎপুরুষঃ পাদোহস্যেহ অভবৎপুনঃ |
ততো বিষ্বঙ্ ব্যক্রামৎ সাশন অনশনে অভি ||4||
By three fourths Purusha rises above (this cosmic world); one fourth of him comes into existence here again. And, he pervades on all sides, in all that eats or does not.
तस्माद्विराळ् अजायत विराजो अधि पूरुषः । स जातो अत्यरिच्यत पश्चाद्भूमिमथो पुरः ॥
तस्माद्विराट् अजायत विराजो अधि पूरुषः। स जातो अत्यरिच्यत पश्चात् भूमिम् अथो पुरः || 5||
তস্মাদ্বিরাট্ অজায়ত বিরাজো অধি পূরুষঃ |
স জাতো অত্যরিচ্যত পশ্চাৎ ভূমিম্ অথো পুরঃ ||5||
From him (Purusha) virat (universe) was born, and Purusha (Paramatma) was born from that Virat. This Purusha, who was born from Virat, extended beyond bhoomi (space/earth). He then created the earth, and then the bodies of all beings.
यत्पुरुषेण हविषा देवा यज्ञमतन्वत । वसन्तो अस्यासीदाज्यं ग्रीष्म इध्मः शरद्धविः ॥6
यत्पुरुषेण हविषा देवा यज्ञम् अतन्वत। वसन्तो अस्यासीत् आज्यं, ग्रीष्म इध्मः शरत् हविः॥ 6||
যৎপুরুষেণ হবিষা দেবা যজ্ঞম্ অতন্বত |
বসন্তো অস্যাসীৎ আজ্যং , গ্রীষ্ম ইধ্মঃ শরৎ হবিঃ ||6||
When the gods celebrated a sacrifice, with Purusha as their offering, then the spring became its ghee, the summer its fuel, the autumn its oblations
तं यज्ञं बर्हिषि प्रौक्षन्पुरुषं जातमग्रतः । तेन देवा अयजन्त साध्या ऋषयश्च ये ॥ 7
तं यज्ञं बर्हिषि प्रौक्षन् पुरुषं जातम् अग्रतः। तेन देवा अयजन्त साध्या ऋषयः च ये॥ 7||
তং যজ্ঞং ৰর্হিষি প্রৌক্ষন্ পুরুষং জাতম্ অগ্রতঃ |
তেন দেবা অয়জন্ত সাধ্যা ৠষয়ঃ চ যে ||7||
The devas, sadhyas and rsis, placed the Virat Purusa, the first being of the universe, on kusa and sprinkled Him with water for purification. In this way they conducted the (mental) sacrifice using the Virat Purusa.
तस्माद्यज्ञात्सर्वहुतः सम्भृतं पृषदाज्यम् । पशून्तांश्चक्रे वायव्यानारण्यान्ग्राम्याश्च ये ॥ 8
तस्मात् यज्ञात् सर्वहुतः सम्भृतं पृषत् आज्यम्। पशून् तान् चक्रे वायव्यान आरण्यान ग्राम्याश्च ये॥ 8||
তস্মাৎ যজ্ঞাৎ সর্বহুতঃ সম্ভৃতং পৃষৎ আজ্যম্ |
পশূন্ তান্ চক্রে বায়ব্যান আরণ্যান গ্রাম্যাশ্চ যে ||8||
From that sacrifice where everything in the universe was sacrificed, yogurt and ghee (all nourishing foods), were produced. He then created the animals of the air, forest, and village.
तस्माद्यज्ञात्सर्वहुत ऋचः सामानि जज्ञिरे । छन्दांसि जज्ञिरे तस्माद्यजुस्तस्मादजायत ॥ 9
तस्मात् यज्ञात्सर्वहुत: ऋचः सामानि जज्ञिरे। छन्दांसि जज्ञिरे तस्मात् यजु: तस्मात् अजायत॥ 9||
তস্মাৎ যজ্ঞাৎসর্বহুতঃ ঋচঃ সামানি জজ্ঞিরে |
ছন্দাংসি জজ্ঞিরে তস্মাৎ যজুঃ তস্মাৎ অজায়ত ||9 ||
From that ultimate sacrifice or "sarva hut", the richas, Saman (musical) and Yajus (prose), and chhanda were born.
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The Vedas are the fountainhead of Hinduism and its ultimate sacred scriptures. These sacred books are the most ancient preserved literature of the world. It is difficult to say when exactly these works were composed. According to educated guess, these are more than seven to 8,000 years old.
The contents of these books are the records of the spiritual realisation of the sages of that period. Some of the mantras of the Vedas, including the Gaytri mantra are quite popular and are recited regularly by millions.
Everything of Hinduism, the grand old religion of the world, flows out of these sacred books, organised in four -- Rik, Sama, Yajur and Atharva. Composed and preserved in an oral tradition since ancient times, these contain in full the four aspects of religion - philosophy, mythology, rituals, and ethics. Most importantly, these contain the Upanishads, popularly known as Vedanta, which is the greatest philosophical system in the world.
The Vedas contain more than 20, 000 verses of varied lengths. The language used is very old and the mantras have profound meaning. This series of talks tries to give a simple overview of these sacred books.
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