well said

I agree!!!!!!!

I served 25 years in the paras, many brave lads, but when it comes to courage, women are often of stouter heart than men on principles.

@@jaquesdaniels2964 How very kind of you to say so. Everyone should realize men and women both have the courageous, the heroic. However, we are all in this together and those that express that in such an eloquent manner deserve the highest praise! You, sir, are a gentleman of the wonderful kind we no longer see very often. Thank you so very much.

She didn’t have a choice! Mary came for the crown and the “ONLY” way for that to happen is to kill her. Even if she just offered her crown she’d still be killed. There was no other options. Bravery had nothing to do with it

Mary Commuted her sentence.

That's what I hate about her fate everyone abandoned her. These so-called men which had no guts left her to face her fate which wasn't hers, to begin with.

@@MyMomo17 She did but briefly. In the end she became a powerful figurehead for the Protestant cause and Thomas Wyatt coming in with his army and her father's part sealed her fate sadly. In the end there was no choice but Mary was lenient in her sentence. . .if you call beheading lenient that is. And it was better then being burned alive. Mary had the choice between both but chose beheading thankfully.

Your kidding your self if you think she was forced into anything , She an brubby Georgie poisened Queen Catherine to death .

The history of the British Royals keeps getting darker and darker😕

Me

Bout to start a Tudor binge 🙈💜

Me.

Miss Magpii if you haven’t discovered them already, Philippa Gregory’s historical fiction series of books about the Tudors are amazing.

I think watching Catherine Howard's lovers be brutally hung drawn and quartered, left a lasting impact on me of the brutality of the medieval era

Same I'm Hispanic and love watching this idk why lol

Same, I'm Croatian.

ARTsy Leah same idk why

thats true

same girl!! i wish i had all the time to watch all documentaries and learn all about british history

Scary truth isn't it?

Said Richard the III

@@michaelbaughman4017 lolol

Yeah that is 100 fact

It’s probably propaganda a well with like 10% truth to it

Is it in Harry Potter? Not sure though.

Indeed! Why does everyone think that people living 400+ years ago had no sense of humour? They were no different to you or I.

Idk you really think she was going to be a sarcastic comedian on death row? I mean that time period women were rarely sarcastic even if they were educated and capable of that. Maybe a few puns here and there but she really seemed like a super religious meek and mild mannered lady

Jana Oh they were very different to you and I. Are you European royalty in the Middle Ages? A devout Protestant and usurper

@@wilmafistfit4788 heh it might have been the case. Anne Boelyn was said to make jokes about her little neck on the day before her execution ahaha

Which is sad. Jane was literally forgotten which is sad. She may have ruled for 9 days but she still was a Queen even if she didn't have a coronation.

Yeah I just watched two vids downplaying elizabeth and trying to bolster mary as the first queen of england even though everyone hated her, while the truth is jane was the first, and mary had the support of a lot of people who considered jane to be a false queen. Too many people forget about jane.

Does Matilda count as a queen?

which is why she is the lost queen there are many in history there is one in Egyptian history also "Hatshepsut"!

Maybe when the time comes for a history project idk what kinds of projects you have but you could do one on her?

Humanity is dark; the royal family is no exception because they are humans.

Sheila Rosario Tuaño Yes, Elizabeth learned that marriage was practically a form of slavery, and/or a death sentence for women during her time. From her mom Anne, to Jane Grey, to Mary Queen of Scots all three women’s lives were ruined because of their relationships with men.

Long before Lady Jane Grey's beheading by Elizabeth's sister, Elizabeth herself learned her first lesson about husbands when her own mother and another wife were beheaded by her father. That, and being declared legit, and then illegitimate, back and forth, also taught Elizabeth a powerful lesson about marriage and is why she vowed at a very young age to never ever marry.

@@JumeckRafeal Marriage had nothing to do with Jane's situation as her husband was also a boy, 17. It if was not for marry Dudley she may not have been Queen as it was his father, John Guildford, who was Edwards' Regent, thus he controlled the shots and made it clear to Jane's parents that passing the revised succession law was conditional on Jane marrying Dudley. The issue with men is that the husband of a Queen Regent, one who is the ruler i.e. Mary I, is a King and co-monarchs. That is opposite of a Queen Consort, wife of the King, i.e. Anne Boleyn, who has virtually no power and is there to produce heirs. A century later, this is clearly shown when Queen Mary II, daughter of James II, took the throne but her husband Prince William of Orange (Dutch) was given the title King. Even when Mary II died, he retained the title and was known as King William III, he still ruled despite not being English or part of the Stuart family.

@@janefelix3821 ok, first it's Queen Regnant, not Queen Regent. Second, Phillip was King of Spain wherever he was. And third, William of Orange wasn't a Consort. He and Mary were joint reigning monarchs by invitation of Parliament....the one and only time that happened....THATS why he kept the title after her death. The husband of a Queen Regnant is NOT co-monarch. Queen Victoria had a very domineering mother. She had a lot of restrictions like not being allowed around other children, not being allowed to walk down stairs alone....and not being allowed to sleep alone in her own room. She was determined that NOBODY would boss her around ever again. That's why Prince Albert became Prince Consort....setting the precedent for Queen Elizabeth II.

@@nancybroertjes5160 Part of the reason William of Orange was invited by Parliament to become King was that he was in the Stuart line of succession as his mother, Mary, was the sister of the two Stuart Kings, Charles II and James II, children of the ill fated King Charles I. Mary II married her first cousin. So they were hoping that they produced heirs and thus could deal with the issue of James II Catholic son (second marriage) James. Neither Mary nor her sister Anne produced heirs, thus the Succession Act of 1701 naming James I grand daughter Sophia as heir, her son George I, King of Hanover ended up King. Queen Victoria's mother was very domineering and was aiming for a Regency with her as Regent, being the mother of the minor Queen since Victoria became heir at age 8 as her uncle King William IV basically abandoned the idea of producing heirs, he was satisfied with his mistress and their 8 children. He only married, age 53, upon the death of his niece, Charlotte, as she was the only legitimate grandchild of King George III. But when he became King, his 3 younger brothers each had a child so the line was "safe". Just lucky for England William made it until Victoria turned 18, by 3 weeks, so the Privy Council allowed her to rule without her mother.

Today's 15-year olds are doing ducked lipped selfies with no direction or self-worth.

This is why people in this generation are more likely to be waaay worse than these people in the past despite the great improvement in way of life and technology, the only struggles they most probably have encountered are slow internet and tons of annoying homeworks

Well totally different times that was like a 30 year old in those days

She was 17

@Aika Papa Oh they are being decapitated via insidious deception and devices...👍 Truth, freedom, rights, etc are being severed from them and they dont even notice. 😪

This is really sad

This is the reason why Henry virtually imprisoned Mary and Katherine and prevented Mary from marrying any foreign prince.They held a tremendous political power even more powerful than Henry himself. Had there been a slightest greed on Queen Katherine's heart, she could literally lead a rebellion and deposed Henry -anyway she had far greater claim to the throne than any Tudors.

Mary Tudor was also from the house of Trastamara. Those rulers knew how to deal with troublesome relatives. Poor Jane never stood a chance.

@@ronchristoperdador1186 I thought katherine went back to her home after the annulment and divorce occurred?

@@amandapollex789 nope, she was somehow "imprisoned" in a castle after the annulment.. Despite of all the sins committed by Henry, Catherine loved him unto her death

PFT-

Not funny at all. Cruel. Heartless.

@@susanscardina3602 she doesn't mean literally funny. 🙄

It's 'funny' because it is ironic that they cheered her but she was turned out to be a uniquely horrible ruler, obviously

One

"Can I go home now?" and I believe she did go home, to her heavenly home but cannot say I believe that Bloddy Mary did; and that is what really counts for eternity -

Yes, either joke, sarcasm or stress induced temporary lapse of judgment.

That broke my ❤️ hearing that,she was just a baby in the ruthless Tudor world.R.I.P. sweet child.

Wasn’t she referring to going to heaven, heavenly home?

Or through them

GRRM openly acknowledges he steals from history. The crazy thing is, no fiction could ever match actual truth, no one would believe it.

Poor Queen Jane Grey. Unfortunately for her she ended up losing and died.

I wonder who GRRM's inspiration for Cersei Lannister was. She was one scary character, never more so than when she faced Ellaria and Tyene in the dungeons of the Red Keep. Talk about cold.

​@@kristenjohnson6583 If you base it off of periods in British History, Cersei sounds like a mix between Margaret of Anjou, queen of Henry VI; and the she-wolf of France, Queen Isabella. Margaret fought against the Duke of York for control of the country, basically using Henry VI as a puppet king. While Isabella schemed against Edward II with her lover, Roger Mortimer (after a series of unfortunate events involving the Despensers) to overthrow him and put Edward III on the throne, with her ruling as Queen Regent while he was young.

@@kristenjohnson6583 pretty sure he didn't necessarily base characters directly from figures in history but he has noted that he's taken direct inspiration for households for as foundations like the Yorks for Starks and Lancasters for Lannisters. For characters though, you can see some with REALLY close motivations to historic figures. Stannis actually has pretty similar values and motivations as Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York (aka Richard III) if you go through his actual history of being driven by fulfilling the duty of his brother's will and (admittedly false) declaration of his nephews as illegitimate (instead of Shakespeare's propaganda).

I researched the Tudor Women thoroughly and if I remember correctly Elizabeth was actually on Mary's side during all this. She even rode into London by her sister's side after Mary triumphed over Jane.

@@TheScylla666 well, part of me thinks that she did that because she knew her sister would win in the end and she wanted to be on the winning side and because through Mary her claim to the throne would become stronger.

Maybe they are not allowed to say anything about the reigning Queen.

Because this was a documentary about Jane. Elizabeth was doing what she always did, keeping her head down and Surviving! She was an astute woman. If she believed in the Protestant cause what was to be gained by her chucking her head on the block too? Also she was pretty insignificant at this time. Henry had placed her after Mary, Edward had ruled both of them out of the running, given lifespans then and the rest, I think she was far more concerned with keeping her head on her shoulders. Considering that Mary had her chucked in the Tower for a time, I think she played her hand very well Keep schtum and learn.

She was with Mary all this time , she was a very very astute politician she saw it was better to be Mary's friend rather being a fiend, all this while she learnt from Mary's behaviour and mistakes. Till Mary died she tried to present herself as a loyalist to Mary

Um helllllooo... She learned from it ALL. From what i gathered this lady pointed that out she didn't have to mention names that we fairly much knew.

According to the Earl of Leicester (Robert Dudley) Elizabeth had been saying she would never marry since the age of eight. One need only look to the examples of her own mother and subsequent stepmothers-Katherine Paar.. -HenryXIII’s sixth and last wife, who survived him, narrowly escaped condemnation for her religious views which were more radical than Henry’s

@@gloriamontgomery6900 there were also rumors of her being sexually assaulted by Parr’s new husband and that would’ve affected my decision as well. Sure she had suitors but I think she wanted to be in control you know.

Many historians who cover this period pojnt consider that Elizabeth knew her value as the consort of the kings or emperors of France or Spain .She balanced her foreign policy by preventing war with either as all three pursued their colonial aims.

There already is a movie called Lady Jane.

Is that the one starring Helena Bonham Carter and Cary Elwes? JAMES

Yes it is. Such a good movie. Not near as much detail as this documentary but still good none the less.

@@Mandi8557 That film was completely inaccurate from a historical perspective.

Thank you for answering. I only vaguely remembered it. JAMES

I LOVE learning about the Medici. They have such a wild history.

@@kayseacamp "The Medici" is now on Netflix.

Hi from va.

No no

Funny thing, in the movie Jane and Guilford are shown as a young loving couple. They even have a romantic "Loss of Virginity" together. In the real life Guilford refused to have sex with Jane until she confirms him as a King. She didn't.

Take relaxing my friend.

Bogus

It breaks my heart because it's something a child would say and Jane was a child. 😢

I agree that poor girl was used and the people who used her were total cowards. I felt Mary should have spared her life she should have exiled her instead of executing her.

It’s now seen as acceptable because of how fragile ancient documents are. The gloves, no matter how thin, are rougher than bare fingers and therefore have found to do more damage than bare hands. I know some say...oh the oils in ones hands also ruin the pages. So true BUT prior to touching these documents they wash their hands massively. Some say even better than a surgeon and rewash their hands often to where all oils are stripped from their touch.

She didn’t pave the way at all. There was always going to be a woman on the throne at that time because Mary and Elizabeth were coming for it. If Jane had never been named by her cousin as the next in line, it still would have been Mary or Elizabeth on the throne.

@@KS-se9jb Yes there was also the Scottish Mary Stuart with blood ties to Henry the Seventh who was gunning for the throne.

@@summersunsets9556 Mary Stuart was an 11 year old living in France...she was not gunning for anything at that time.

True, the actor who portrayed Northumberland looks very alike the real historic personage. The same can be said of Lady Jane according to the few representations we have of her.

I agree. The actors helped with the immersion into the story. Ridiculously, I forgot sometimes that I wasn't watching news footage of the real people! 🤣

Hey Pamela Rice, you just caused me to think more highly of the Rolling Stones -

Lady Jane is actually about Jane Seymour. Hence the first second verse singing about dear Lady Anne (Boleyn)

Jagger and Richards, solidly middle class lads, knew the history. Always thought it referred to Jane Seymour, too.

There's a movie about Lady Jane Grey starring Helena Bonham-Carter as Jane

I think there such be a newer version of this movie.

Yes already a movie about her. I believe it's titled Lady Jane. It's been a very long time since I saw it. But I remember my grandmother showing it to me when I was young. Seems like Cary Elwes was in this as well.

@@pinkknight9 Oh yes!! That's right!

@@Mandi8557 That is correct, the title of the film was "Lady Jane" with Helena Bonham-Carter as Lady Jane Grey, but it was more a fictional romance story of the young couple than a political thriller - it wasn't bad, but historically incorrect in many ways, apart from the basic story of the poor girl being forced by her ambitious father and the Duke of Northumberland into claiming the throne. The execution scene is of course extremely sad.

I think it's because she started to act like a queen... Put the crown on her own head, she signed documents as 'Jane the Queen', and she was positioning people for battle. So in essence she was accepting the position Etc. I think if she would not have signed anything as 'Jane the Queen' then Queen Mary would have had a different response to her.

Mary would have found her a threat to her throne (much like Elizabeth felt Mary Stuart was a threat to her throne). One way or the other, Mary Tudor would have to put to death "Jane the Queen".

She needed a better lawyer!

Greed

Because you're confusing current standards of judgment with then. She tried and failed. Therefore, "guilty of treason".

She's not "that" innocent. There are letters written by her and under the name of "Jane the Queen", encouraging more rebellion against the very same person (Mary) who tried to tried to pardon and spared her life

Religion was a mere excuse. The true issue here is an overwhelming list for power.

Edward knew if Mary got the throne, it would lead to bloodshed-which it did. Sadly, i don't think he was thinking of Grey as a person in this. But when you're likely poisoned by Catholics and your heir will slaughter hundreds. I argue Edward's decision was more to dave the lives of his subjects.

Patrice Lumumba Edward shared Henry’s previous views before that order Henry made about the succession, regarding how women should not be allowed to rule. He believed in that so intensely & I’m sure that Mary not backing down on practicing her catholic faith just added to that belief about women being rulers, or having the ability. So religious aspect AND her being a woman on top of it, definitely played a part... for being so young, he seemed more extreme with his religious views on top of it . I feel like he developed some sort of grandiosity, either from a space of feeling like his dad failed or went weak by allowing his sisters succession. Especially if he grew up being told or hearing on a regular basis during his short life, that women weren’t supposed to rule. Then of course that became an ingrained belief. Maybe he felt threatened to some degree or felt a sense of obligation, like he though he was protecting the succession in some way? We’ll never know what the exact tipping point was for why he didn’t want them to hold power...

He wasn’t any old than jane we have no idea what he really thought

Edward stayed true to his beliefs . Mary was cathlic and Elizabeth was born to a who're

Weren't ALL women in those days and to some extent today.

@@tsommers3284 that's gross generalization. Even Jane was not that much of a pawn.

Absolutely. Women did not have rights to property, their children, or even to their own money. Once married, their husband's had complete control, even if the money came from the woman's family. This is largely why Elizabeth I refused to marry, despite many attempts to harass her into doing so. She knew that the moment she did so, she would lose her power, and she wasn't about to do THAT. Not after waiting out the dangers of 16th Century England so long in order to get it. She was actually the first female "allowed" to rule as Queen of England in her own right.. She inherited the throne at (luckily for her) age 25 and ruled until she died in her late 60's. She was extremely intelligent, spoke at least 5 languages fluently, and had excellent ministers and advisors who were devoted to her for the good of the country. Her reign was the most peaceful and prosperous since her Tudor grandfather, Henry the VII, had wrested power away from the ruling dynasty that had been on the throne for the more than three hundred years prior. @@tsommers3284

EccentricSage Disgusting? That’s a bit over-the-top! Even if she was brave in the end, she had NO AGENCY OF ANY SORT up until that point. She did not WANT to take the throne; she knew it was the wrong thing to do, but even her parents didn’t protect her from stepping onto such a treacherous and dangerous path. At BEST, they were knowingly putting their daughter (age 14, mind you) in danger of losing her life on a 50-50 shot in the dark. Even though 14 then is different than 14 now in terms of expectations, humans have remained DEVELOPMENTALLY similar while growing to adulthood for quite some time. THAT’s why people feel sorry for her! Don’t go making this into some religious piety nonsense. She was perhaps the person with the most integrity in her family. When she was shoved/man-handled onto a roller-coaster ride with unfinished tracks & landed on her head, she answered her interrogators honestly, (innocently?) about everything. And paid a terrible price; for the TREACHERY OF OTHERS, not her religious beliefs. ONCE Mary I’s supporters realized that a decent-sized fighting force COULD be raised in Jane’s name, she was a threat as long as she remained alive. She could have lived out a comfortable, peaceful life amongst the nobility, if she had not been forced to play such a dangerous game by the greedy adults whom she should have been able to trust. What’s disgusting, again?

And So was Dianna? No longer a threat

True. Ann of Cleve's portrait was done by Holbein. But it was made to look beautiful because Cromwell wanted Henry the VIII to marry her for political reasons. When Henry saw Ann in real life he was mortified.

They were following a fashion trend. Same style of clothes, jewelry, hair style, makeup and on top of that all related between them.

Ofc, royal are marrying their own cousins/family members to protect the throne.

I think the great majority of artists at that time were really quite, quite awful. If the portraits hadn't been 'family' (and now considered historic), they would have been used to heat the parlor on a chilly evening.

I think the artist had to portray them as beautiful, plus the ideas of beauty and the style of that time, I also agree with people saying relations and similar artists.

Yes, he did. But did he, as a teenager, have a right to undermine his Father's will, and Parliament's decrees on succession? He, and Queen Jane, and even Queen Mary: were religious fanatics. {I think a part of Queen Elizabeth I 's success was- if she was a fanatic ~ it was more private: she did discriminate (to ban public mass), but didn't look for 'a fight'.}.

True, but Edward was very sickly at the time he changed the rules. Plus there were always close as the Jane's family initially wanted her to wed Edward, thus she would become Consort and mother of the next ruler. They only changed their minds when it became clear that Edward was very sick and probably could not produce heirs. Also, since he was 15 the law was not his idea but his Regent's, who ruled the country. His Regent was Jane's father-in-law as he made the change conditional on Jane marrying his son.

None of it would have even happened if Edward hadn't went against his father's will.

@@tammyamescua7541 By the time he signed the law he was too sick to know what he was signing. His Regent presented him with papers and Edward signed them, probably not even knowing what they were as he died soon after.

He himself never got the chance to proclaim it to his people. They were none to happy to learn they had all been duped in the end. If the order of the King had been made by the King, maybe more of the people might have warmed up to Jane more.

She's so scared! And hoping and praying that wishful thinking would work for her!

Jane was quite intelligent. A true scholar. Probably a genius IQ. Very mature and wise beyond her years... but also incredibly naive bc she'd been so sheltered. She really was an innocent pawn who was forced to marry and to accept the throne.Ahe really wanted to be left to her books and pursuit of higher learning. From what I read she did not have much of a childhood. Her parents were not living. At least as I've read not her mother who was always cold toward Jane. She had two sisters whose lives were affected by the fallout after James death. One of them was a dwarf...just a little extra factoid! The Tudors era is fascinating but scary. Life really didn't seem to have value as they killed and executed people right and left. It was all about personal gain and staying in the favor of the king. The only thing that made Jane think it was ok to be queen-she knew it should have been given to Mary-was the thought that she could promote the Protestant faith as opposed to Catholicism. Prince Edward, Mary's brother named her as heir bc he wanted England to be a Protestant nation. Mary was Catholic. Poor Jane. She was very brace right to the end but how horrible that a child-14 or 15 could legally be put to death. The Spanish Prince Phillip wouldn't marry Mary unless Jane died bc she posed a threat to the throne if she lived. James father blew it. Y trying to stage that last rebellion to try to promote Jane to the throne again. Poor child. A true pawn.

@@shaystro3276 she wasn't a child...a 7 year old would be doing the work of a 30 year old today.......12 could be on a jury...she was an adult and was not babied for her entire life so was smarter than today's 15 year olds

@@jennifermoriarty2188 she was a child her life and area wasn't

Such an interesting concept to consider!

Apparently not better for Jane. I read somewhere that Elizabeth hated the Grey clan because they stole not only Mary's right to the throne but also Elizabeth's. Remember that according to Henry the Eighth's instruction if his son Edward died with no descendance then Mary will be next and finally Elizabeth. The Grey family disinherited both Mary & Elizabeth because they were supposedly "bastards" . I don't think Elizabeth took that with a smile on her face.

guaycura Exactly!

@@guaycura True...

@@guaycura agree!

She basically gave her no choice. Mary tried to pardon her against the wishes of the people, which is no small feat, especially in the infancy of her reign.

G

I found it strched out too much and quite repetative at times. Should have been one or two episodes.

You and me both! My British grandmother used to scream at me when mad, you horrible Lady Jane Grey! I found out later I had a different father, so I can’t help but believe she knew the truth and didn’t like me because if it.

Lol

Yes flown the coop!!! Gotten out of Dodge....

Kim

pride can be dangerous to people

Jane died for what she believed in that makes her a hero and the men around her cowards

I think Mary knew but doesn't care. Jane was the figure head; she stands for a faction of the power and getting rid of her will secure Mary's image as the ONLY rightful ruler

He was, after she was

He was eventually executed.

They all threw her under the bus.. I guess their definition of love for their children were alot different from ours

@EccentricSage She was very young and apparently inexperienced; looking at the person of Jane in the video it gave me the thought that though at first, she was rightfully reluctant to accept being queen, at some point the power of being Queen probably went to her head and she became complicit in the scheme to some degree. Just tragic, her father (especially in those days) was more guilty than she. She was not a heroic figure as I see it but neither a villain just tragic.

He was ,on Feb 23rd 1554 ..11 days after his daughter,and son in law ..

And she would of almost certainly had kids and so no Queen Elizabeth 1

She would have had a group of corrupt men controlling her. She was only a teenager!

It was Jane's father in law.. not her father

Lololol

Depending on the age and the state of conservation of a document, sometimes its safer (less harmful) to the material if you don't wear gloves.

It made me wanna scream. I hate when historians touch ancient documents with their own hands.

Where’s the gloves?

@@TheMcKenzieHaus certain materials cannot use gloves!

@@lylarose2696 .

I agree, actually Mary was described as the most alike to Henry than his other children, Also, Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon was a redhead.

guaycura It still doesn’t mean that they were redheads

Red hair breeds out pretty easily, kathrine had dark brown hair Mary may of been chestnut red or anything else.

EccentricSage very smart I agree

Elizabeth was genius for avoiding that fate.

Something similar happened to the Countess Margaret Pole in 1541 when she was decapitated by an inexpert executioner who literally butchered her with many blows. Margaret was of Yorkist lineage so probably that was one of the reasons Henry VIII regime looked for her death.

I wondered this myself. Very strange not to protect the book from the oils from hands while handling such a book. Also, she had done this in the first episode with other documents she examined.

mountainmanws it’s now felt that bare hands is a better way to handle documents, less chance of tearing them

protection of the book is paramount

Me too. I thought the natural oils in our skin was damaging to old books (but it's not my area of expertise so I'll shut up now lol). I'm sure the experts know what they are doing. Especially with a national historical treasure!

Interesting how techiques change, Miss Jennifer. Thankyou for the information.

IrishGermanNorwegian Probably because his regent kept his death a secret for a few days to further his own ends. This meant that by the time they did tell others, Edwards body was already starting to deteriorate, which then forced them to bury him quickly. I believe he died of what they called the ‘sweating sickness’ in those times’ (we still don’t know exactly what that was, nor what caused it, only that the disease was highly contagious and could carry a person off in less than 24 hours). So - no big pomp and circumstance for Edward. They just wanted to-make sure that the peaceful transition of power was accomplished.