1958: Introducing VERA - Britain's First Videotape Recorder | Panorama

1958: Introducing VERA - Britain's First Videotape Recorder | Panorama | Retro Tech I BBC Archive

Рет қаралды 26,777

Жыл бұрын

Richard Dimbleby introduces V.E.R.A. (Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus), during a live edition of Panorama. Then - thanks to the magic of videotape - he introduces it all over again.
Will this extraordinary new technology revolutionise television production? Mr Dimbleby speaks to Peter Axon, who led the development of VERA, about the benefits of his new system over existing methods of film recording.
Originally broadcast 14 April, 1958.
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Пікірлер: 179

@smadaf Жыл бұрын

"This machine will allow the BBC to become the most infamous erasers of video tape that the world has ever known."

@timberswimbers Жыл бұрын

Who are you? Mr Hindsight?

@gordonbeattie4864 Жыл бұрын

But not the greatest destroyer of content. That would go to ABC Television in the US who acquired the entire existing archive of the US DuMont Television Network, which began in June 1942. DuMont was held back by the exorbitant costs of broadcasting and eventually went bust in August 1956. Most of their 20,000 programmes were broadcast live and recorded on kinescope. By the early 1970s most of the film had been destroyed to recover the silver content of the film prints and the rest was thrown in New York City's East River to make room for ABC's own videotapes. Only 350 programmes still exist mainly thanks to private collectors or having come from the performers themselves.

@BrianG61UK Жыл бұрын

Yes, but many more recordings were made and then lost on the successors to VERA than on VERA.

@robustreviews 9 ай бұрын

@@BrianG61UKyep. VERA was a technical exercise, this I understand was one of the few times it was ever used. The project leader Dr Peter Axon would be working for Ampex within a few months of this being made and the BBC had already seen demonstrations of the vastly superior Ampex system by this point.

@monteceitomoocher 5 ай бұрын

@@gordonbeattie4864that sounds utterly barbarous, just throwing away history for a few lousy bucks back in silver, glad at least a fraction was saved.

@jdm65 Жыл бұрын

This is lovely. And noticeable how there was an effort to inform without patronising the viewer.

@sevenwatson5854 Жыл бұрын

In those days people presented information as knowledge and people received it gratefully without thinking they were stupid not to have known it previously, because on the whole we were all learning simultaneously (unless you're a scientist) but the rise of the programme presenters with low self worth like Jeremy Paxman, who wanted jobs to fill emotional holes, meant that self esteem was on the rise (rather than self worth) and information became nuanced....the trick is to learn it but ignore any inflexions.

@spider-ham7140 Жыл бұрын

That’s because predominantly it was middle / upper / educated class people who had access to TV. They only started dumbing TV down once televisions became more affordable for common folk.

@marcse7en 7 ай бұрын

That's funny, I thought he treated the viewers like idiots! 🤣

@daveac Жыл бұрын

Great - but a shiver went down my spine when it was mentioned 'the tape can be erased & recorded on again' Why? Because I'm a big 'Doctor Who' Fan and we know what happened there!

@G6JPG Жыл бұрын

Cost! You didn't have to answer for budgets. Sure, we can regret those losses now, when storage is cheap. But there's a difference between keeping everything. For example, were the first few minutes of that Panorama worth keeping? (Since it was obviously also being filmed, I bet they didn't.

@stephenguppy7882 8 ай бұрын

It is Doctor Who, a crappy kids show and it still is now. Nobody cares.

@MuchWhittering Ай бұрын

@@stephenguppy7882Doctor Who is not, and has never been a kids' show. Hence why it has never been made by the children's department.

@stephenguppy7882 Ай бұрын

@@MuchWhittering It always was and will forever remain a load of kid's crap.

@perge_music Жыл бұрын

The most challenging aspect of VERA was trying to get one to fit under the TV.

@brodiebrazil Жыл бұрын

Such good television. Took some creativity & execution to pull that off for the very first time.

@IrishvintageTVRadio Жыл бұрын

Wonderful, thanks for sharing this. I always find it amazing how they made such great advancements.

@johnking5174 9 ай бұрын

In 1958 in the US, having videotape enabled "tape delay" which meant for the first time, networked programming on NBC, CBS & ABC could be seen in every time zone of the US, as they simply had a tape recording the network east coast feed & then replaying it in their own time zones. US has six time zones, with the 4 main ones being east, central, mountain and pacific time, all one hour differences.

@bruceanderton1518 Жыл бұрын

Ironic inasmuch as the recording of this extract was on good old film, and it was interesting to note the dramatic step-down in vision quality when the playback of Dimbleby's introduction was shown (perhaps due to that very narrow tape?). Of course VERA soon capitulated to Ampex.

@4seeableTV Жыл бұрын

Back then, filming TV shows was the only way they knew how to get a recording of a live show. We're rather spoiled now, with a plethora of ways to watch TV in the highest of qualities.

@michaelgriffiths7937 Жыл бұрын

My father is the same age as this footage, makes me feel somewhat in touch with this generation seeing this

@coconutsmarties Жыл бұрын

Every time I watch old TV content like this my first thought, for the historical context of the piece in a way that feels real to me, is to calculate how old my parents were when it was filmed. In this case, my dad was 2 and my mum was -1.. Always blows my little mind.

@PlanetImo Жыл бұрын

Ah I love this! Fascinating!

@garyhunt8067 Жыл бұрын

Brilliant footage

@elijahmodnar1 Жыл бұрын

THE SPEED of it must of been crazy inches per second

@scottishwildcat Жыл бұрын

Yep, 200 inches per second, or nearly 17ft. One of those reels could only record about 15 minutes of 405-line video.

@elijahmodnar1 Жыл бұрын

@@scottishwildcat i guess it made less noise then the replacement video 2inch air compressor noise tho ;)

@NgaTaeOfficial Жыл бұрын

@@elijahmodnar1 Former Tape Ops of the world unite! 😂

@elijahmodnar1 Жыл бұрын

wait for the video on the 2inch video recorders, bet they wont show the air compressor in the other room :P

@mrb.5610 Жыл бұрын

@@elijahmodnar1 They were down in the basement of TVC - directly under the central fountain !

@richiereyn Жыл бұрын

A nice piece of television history. I don't think it really saw the light of day, usurped by the Ampex Quadruplex system that addressed a lot of the shortcomings of VERA.

@monteceitomoocher 5 ай бұрын

Quadruplex has now in its own turn been superceded by digital technology but a few machines are now in private hands, they certainly are mighty beasts.

@FreakyRufus Жыл бұрын

That whole “we can erase it and reuse the tape” attitude came around to bite them. So many historical recordings were lost due the the BBC’s shortsighted penny pinching…

@G6JPG Жыл бұрын

So easy to criticise, with 20/20 hindsight.

@dischargerecords2331 Жыл бұрын

I think it's spinning so fast because it must have been before the invention of the spinning drum type heads .

@4seeableTV Жыл бұрын

No kidding. That's reels were moving!

@robustreviews 9 ай бұрын

Ampex were already selling the helical scan Quadruplex by this point. Dr Axon had even been to a demonstration of it in 1956.

@mick_hyde Жыл бұрын

A recording of a recording of a recording.....

@garryleeks4848 Жыл бұрын

Of a recording 👍

@scottblack9213 Жыл бұрын

Love it

@salliemorrill2671 Жыл бұрын

Amazing! Love this archive footage! Love the BBC more than our own networks.

@2511dhall Жыл бұрын

Which networks are you on about?

@salliemorrill2671 Жыл бұрын

@@2511dhall those in the US.

@2511dhall Жыл бұрын

@@salliemorrill2671 ok is PBS good?

@salliemorrill2671 Жыл бұрын

@@2511dhall true! I overlooked that. Thank you.

@davedogge2280 Жыл бұрын

Only a genius could program V.E.R.A. to tape Dr. Who.

@stepheng8779 Жыл бұрын

And then wipe it 🤦

@MrDaiseymay Жыл бұрын

only an idiot would want to.

@martinhughes2549 Жыл бұрын

@@stepheng8779 Videotape was not considered a long term storage medium when it began to be used, it was a production method. Film was considered as a long term storage and programme sales medium. All of the surviving Dr Who episodes from the 1960s survive as film copies. The original tapes where recycled to make new programming. VT was very expensive and hard to edit and fragile& sometimes would not replay properly. By the mid 1960s VT worked much better and Videotape formulations had improved. But Videotapes where bulky and used lots of space& in the UK it was unlikely most programmes would ever get more than at best a second repeat due to contractual terms and Union agreements.

@stepheng8779 Жыл бұрын

@@martinhughes2549 Thanks, yes I knew all that, it was a flippant comment re. their vandalism. Some surviving shows have never had a repeat due to contractual terms sadly.

@martinhughes2549 Жыл бұрын

@@stepheng8779 it's the same for lost ITV shows and for Australian programmes etc. It's amazing anything survived. However viewers at home often complained about repeats and I can remember people complaining abput b&w shows being repeated when they had just invested in a Colour TV. TV music shows seem to be hit the hardest in the UK though, Ready Steady Go, TOTP and a vast number of short lived music shows in ITV regions and the BBC that are entirely missing. It's very sad. However TV bosses where very short sighted.

@JohnnyTheWolfLupino Жыл бұрын

Don't mention the word AMPEX, 2 years before this they had marketed the vastly superior VRX1000, light years ahead of VERA. In this same year NBC performed the 1st colour videotape recording, the quality is impressive for early NTSC.

@JohnnyTheWolfLupino Жыл бұрын

kzfaq.info/get/bejne/atxyeLB4ucqoiZc.html

@robustreviews 9 ай бұрын

Yes, Peter Axon who developed VERA was at the VR1000 demonstration in 1956 - they must have know this was a futile exercise.

@fajaralfakir8455 9 күн бұрын

Luar biasa. Ternyata video player zaman dulu itu sebesar lemari. Seiring berjalannya waktu, ukurannya semakin mengecil hingga dapat masuk ke saku anda

@rjy8960 Жыл бұрын

In some ways VT is a retrograde step from 35mm film. The film "The Third Man" was released almost 10 years prior to this broadcast, but has been re-released in 4k HD. The only reason why this could happen was because it was recorded onto an analogue format that could be quantized . The problem with VT is that it's a fixed format and can't easily be re-quantized and is pretty much stuck at the native resolution such as 405-line as here. Plus a lot of memorable recordings were lost due to tape re-use to reduce costs. Obviously with film, once recorded it is permanent (unless nitrate stock...)

@elijahmodnar1 Жыл бұрын

youre right, but i still think that even if bandwidth analog video is limited by 405/486/576 ect lines vertically, i feel that the horizontal resolution is much greater then modern square pixels of digital video resolution, as in even tho on paper say it says a betaSP recording is 640 to 720 rez horizontally, i feel its prob more than that in reality, prob 820ish

@0raffie0 Жыл бұрын

Of course low resolution analog video was a huge step back in quality even compared to even the earliest of film recordings, not in some ways, in every way, but as explained in the video it was all about the other advantages video has that were important.

@glpilpi6209 Жыл бұрын

Very true. It's one of the reasons I think they removed the definition gratings on test cards.

@Dranok1 Жыл бұрын

@@elijahmodnar1 and

@MGB1977Red 27 күн бұрын

Yes, you could record video onto a fast moving ribbon of tape but amount of tape needed was crazy. The next step was quad 2" which recorded 4 channels at once and then 1" helical which was even more efficient. Tape was cheap but moving it around and storing huge reels got silly. A 90 minute reel of quad 2" tape was about the size and weight of a space-saver automobile wheel and tire. The reel of tape cost around $150 in 1976 dollars.

@tsmith7146 Жыл бұрын

Quaint but flawed, VERA didn't stand a chance with the Ampex design using thicker tape, transverse scanning and consequently, much slower tape speeds. Around this time, helical scanning heads were invented; a technique used in most video tape systems, including umatic, vhs, betamax and betacam. The Ampex system was still used in some tv studios for decades after its release.

@UXXV Жыл бұрын

If you liked this then you'll love The Secret Life of Machines with Tim Hunkin on the video recorder where the history of recording is told - kzfaq.info/get/bejne/nZd6n7iUq7HRZaM.html

@64bakes Жыл бұрын

You beat me to it!

@UXXV Жыл бұрын

@@64bakes as soon as I saw this BBC upload and the thumbnail it brought back memories of Tim and Rex on TV back in the late 80s early 90s :)

@christopherthompson2167 Жыл бұрын

What you have been watching is really just a load of rust😁

@ArifGhostwriter Жыл бұрын

@@christopherthompson2167 Lol - it really is! Some might not get this!

@rosssutherland3751 Жыл бұрын

Exactly where I remember this from too. Always loved the demo showing the degradation of subsequent generational copies of the Channel 4 branding

@anthonybradley1555 Жыл бұрын

dr peter axon what an awesome name😄

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

Very interesting. But what about Ampex VRX1000 in 1956? Was that not the first video tape-recorder?

@Dranok1 Жыл бұрын

Ooh, look at that! At just about 9.20pm, the world's first ever 3rd generation copy of a video tape! What's that? You say it's not a copy? Oh dear...

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

How long was the playing time of these very large tape spools?

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

How wide was the tape? Where there any helical scan technique, or was it all done by linear recording at a very high speed?

@pata299 Жыл бұрын

a question came up about this in our little group: "Surprising that they continued with its development after Ampex introduced the first practical videotape recorder..." This would have been 2 years after Vera, so why did they continue with that technology of Vera?

@AttilaSVK Жыл бұрын

That's exactly what I thought as well. Especially since the quality loss was apparent over a telecine as well (most likely that's how this snippet was preserved). It was really a dead end.

@will89687 Жыл бұрын

I can only assume that after all the years and money sunk into Vera the BBC were driven to have something to show for it even though they knew deep down the handwriting was on the wall.

@dunebasher1971 Жыл бұрын

It took until 1958 before Ampex had VTRs available that would work on the 405-line 50i system. The BBC got its first Ampex machine just four months after this broadcast.

@MrDaiseymay Жыл бұрын

It's the BBC

@straightpipediesel Жыл бұрын

Ampex would own the patents on Quadruplex and could charge whatever they wanted. By having an alternate technology, even with the slightest sense of practicality, you have competition and that drives down cost and improves performance. That has happened many times: VHS vs Betamax, Blu-Ray vs HD DVD, Windows Media vs MPEG, Dolby Digital vs DTS, Dolby Vision vs HDR10+, HDMI vs DisplayPort...

@carlharoe Жыл бұрын

i wonder what type of media did they store this clip tho. im pretty sure they didnt store it on those vera tapes.

@Dr170 Жыл бұрын

VERA... VERA... what has become of you? Does anybody else in here feel the way I do?

@mrb.5610 Жыл бұрын

Scrapped. Although one of the tape spool survives. Was in a display case in TVC years ago.

@ZacabebOTG 8 ай бұрын

Bring the noise back home!

@garryleeks4848 Жыл бұрын

Hello Vera 👍

@SpiritmanProductions Жыл бұрын

Hiya Cynth.

@garryleeks4848 Жыл бұрын

@@SpiritmanProductions 😂

@robinvanags912 Жыл бұрын

@@garryleeks4848 Yes - we should confine ourselves to such haughty/cultural comenting.

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

But I wonder. How was this "original", live edition of Panorama recorded?! On another (helical scan) tape machine or on tele film? How was it preserved to this day?

@pressureworks Жыл бұрын

6:01 Oh no !!!!!

@Pymmeh Жыл бұрын

"When my pen disapears you're on the telerecording by VERA, you can tell when it's on VERA because IT LOOKS LIKE AAASSSSSS". Honestly archive footage like this puts our current 8K higher-resolution-than-the-human-eyeball into perspective.

@godfreypoon5148 Жыл бұрын

Funny, that's precisely what I yelled at the screen at that moment.

@glpilpi6209 Жыл бұрын

I saw a UK designed domestic vtr demonstrated in 1962-63 , but I don't think it used helical scanning. A very large tape feed rushed at very high speed over a stationary video head to retrieve the bandwidth of the signal and record time was limited to a few minutes only. It was an expensive flop as it was unable to record much more than a few minutes of low definition video.

@4seeableTV Жыл бұрын

That's how tech is. A promising idea, then another that improves upon it, and so on and so on.

@altebander2767 5 ай бұрын

AFAIK it wasn't actually used that much, as in 1956 Quadruplex was introduced which offered far greater quality with wider but slower tape. Linear recording for video was a dead-end often chosen because it promised lower equipment costs.

@johnking5174 5 ай бұрын

4:25 - Well Richard, most viewers wouldn't have watched this, they would have been watching ITV (if they had it in their region by April 1958) where the popular Wagon Train was airing at that same time of the ballroom show.

@dean6816 Жыл бұрын

So what was used to make this recording?

@johnking5174 9 ай бұрын

Since this was an historic event on British television, it was kept by the BBC in their archive. Most of the Panorama editions up to the mid 1970s are wiped. This was recorded on 16mm film, to be kept in the BBC archives after transmission.

@johnking5174 9 ай бұрын

Listen to what he says at 6:10 - this led to BBC/ITV being able to wipe their videotapes of many TV shows & led to a catastrophic loss of archive BBC/ITV shows from the 1960s & 1970s. Back then, with no streaming services, no online, two & later just 3 TV channels & restrictions on broadcasting hours until 1972, they felt in 1960s why need to keep archive copies of shows that would in their mind probably be rarely shown. This was prophetic speak from this man in 1958.

@mrb.5610 28 күн бұрын

Britain's First and *Last* Videotape Recorder.

@trevorrandom Жыл бұрын

Deja-vu

@andyhowlett2231 Жыл бұрын

But just about to be overtaken by the Ampex 2" Quad system, which was visibly superior and made better use of the magnetic tape.

@thabudmaster Жыл бұрын

so...Who, & what, was recording the show that we're watching in this video?

@krashd Жыл бұрын

A regular film camera using film rather than magnetic tape. He explains this right at the very start of the video.

@thabudmaster Жыл бұрын

@@krashd No he doesnt, he explains that recordings of events have previously been recorded using film. I'd assume that the show is shot on normal TV cameras live to air.

@G6JPG Жыл бұрын

@@thabudmaster Yes, but the fact that we're seeing it now means it was recorded on _something_ - Ric_was_here's question is perfectly valid, and Rob Fraser's answer is mostly correct. (OK, he doesn't specifically say "we're filming this now". But a little thought shows they must have been.)

@djsherz 6 ай бұрын

lt was already obsolete by the time they'd finished it, so I wonder how many recordings were ever made on this format? Have any of them survived in a dusty BBC archive? If they have, is there a machine left in existence that can play them back?

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

Probably not......

@Hykje Жыл бұрын

And now -turn that into a camcorder.

@mainstay. Жыл бұрын

Oh those accents! The UK truly branded on their tongues.

@precbass Жыл бұрын

You can almost count the 625 lines in that picture, or was it 405?😁

@johnking5174 Жыл бұрын

This was most certainly 405 line. BBC 2 was the first British television station to transmit in 625 lines from April 1964.

@ZacabebOTG 8 ай бұрын

376 active lines interlaced. I think the telerecorder only captured every other field, so 188 lines... some possibly cropped out of the transfer.

@Efferpheasants 8 ай бұрын

I suppose they had spent resources on this machine they had to show it off somewhere - meanwhile buying Ampex machines.

@davewalker7126 Жыл бұрын

So what was the program recorded on?

@Tmuk2 Жыл бұрын

That's what I was just asking myself! There's a noticeable drop in quality when they're playing the recording - so how was the rest of the programme recorded?

@nukesean Жыл бұрын

Film. Did you skip that part of the video?

@Tmuk2 Жыл бұрын

@@nukesean Hadn't watched all of it when I posted. Get up the wrong side of the bed this morning?

@fidelcatsro6948 Жыл бұрын

VHS of course what were you expecting?

@rareblues78daddy Жыл бұрын

@@Tmuk2 When people ask dumbass questions without watching the entire video, it's appropriate to call their dumbass out. Probably something you should get used to, bub.

@andycristea Жыл бұрын

But how did they record this? 🙃

@G6JPG Жыл бұрын

On good old film, the sort that Mr. Dimbleby explained they were trying to get away from. If you look carefully, you can see the odd dirt spot (and/or processing bubble), always a givaway for film. (As are scratches unless it's been always carefully projected in a very clean projector.)

@johnking5174 9 ай бұрын

16mm film was what the BBC used back then to keep programmes for their archive and also to sell them internationally.

@fidelcatsro6948 Жыл бұрын

So this was the first tape recorder in use in the world?? What was TV studios elsewhere like US using in 1958??? Rolls of film?

@diond1333 Жыл бұрын

The US were designing their own system called Ampex. In fact, only months after this recording, the BBC decided to go with Ampex (VR1000).

@puddleglum3306 Жыл бұрын

@@diond1333 Ha typical - Much like TV itself when the BBC were pushing the Baird mechanical system only to finally pack it in and use the far superior all electronic technology from the US not long after.

@fidelcatsro6948 Жыл бұрын

@@diond1333 was it same method of recording on tape??

@diond1333 Жыл бұрын

@@fidelcatsro6948 Pretty much, except Ampex used rotating heads rather than VERA's static. There's actually quite a bit of interesting information about the two systems on the Internet.

@fidelcatsro6948 Жыл бұрын

@@diond1333 hmmm vcrs used rotating heads so they took ampex design i guess 🐱👍🏿

@albear972 5 ай бұрын

Dang! Not having helical scanning sucked.

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

The cuts from VERA tape to live camera is not very nice. The sync is not perfect between the tape and the studio.

@marcse7en 7 ай бұрын

VERA (Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus) had to be operated by "scientists!" 🤣 Does that mean, when I got my first VHS VCR in 1981, that I was a "scientist" too? VERA, with it's ridiculously impractical high-speed tape transport, was doomed to failure, especially since QUAD was becoming available.

@frankhovis 7 ай бұрын

Not exactly portable is it?

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

It was not intended to be "portable". It is a stationary studio machine.

@georgegonzalez2476 8 ай бұрын

Odd, in that the playback tape segment is chock full of popcorn noise and the even and odd lines are noticeably different in brightness and contrast. This type of recording was a technological dead end. The rotating drum method and FM recording were the future. Far clearer and far less costly of tape. Eventually you could record like 4 hours on one videocassette. As a rough estimate, about 50 times the time duration and ten times the video quality. I wonder if any of those huge VERA reels still exist?

@johnking5174 5 ай бұрын

Remember how the BBC kept this copy of Panorama. It was simply a telerecording off a TV screen, and recorded on to 16mm film, this is maybe what you are seeing. Most Panorama editions from the 50s to 70s are gone forever as they were never kept.

@synaesthesia2010 Жыл бұрын

videotape? what's that? :P

@antonk78 2 ай бұрын

Только реальных трансферов не осталось.

@AdamJessopmazdamjmx5 Жыл бұрын

Sing me a song

@garryleeks4848 Жыл бұрын

My aunt was called Vera , just saying 🙄🙄

@johnhodges8264 Жыл бұрын

Small world, mine isn't!

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

Not the very best picture quality from the VERA......

@gary7vn 8 ай бұрын

To save a few pounds these fools went on to erase many episodes of the first Dr. Who!

@johnking5174 8 ай бұрын

"few pounds" - in 1960s video tapes were vastly expensive and were huge to keep in archive storage. So not just to save a few pounds it was to save thousands of pounds, which in 2023 value was saving the BBC millions of pounds over the years. I really dislike that these TV gems were wiped, but don't trivialise with a flippant comment of "few pounds"

@richardsawyer5428 Жыл бұрын

Nah, it won't catch on.

@dalebaker9109 Жыл бұрын

Only the BBC video tape machines at the time, was centuries behind what was being used in the USA, they were already using colour recordings and the picture quality was miles superior. Anyway Video records were barely used by the BBC in the 50’s only a few times at most, and it didn’t come into regular use until the early 1960’s it was even then still pretty poor quality TBH.

@trippymchippy8586 Жыл бұрын

The biggest potato-cam ever made

@garryleeks4848 Жыл бұрын

I’m with you spud 👍

@jourwalis-8875 23 күн бұрын

Erase the tapes!? You should never erase tapes with original programs! Who knows what can be of utmost value for the future! This is a terrible statement! Imagine if all this that you watch today was erased and not preserved!