What about when people have a deeply held belief that twists the way they see everything. Imagine a creationist or flat earther who hides or twists real science. They care about the truth but misconstrue the facts - all they want is to make reality compatible with their view of it.

I think that I agree with you. But there is an interesting discussion in Bad Language by Cappelen and Dever that gives me pause. They suggest that perhaps when we believe what we are saying is false even thought it is in fact true, then perhaps we are trying but failing, to lie.

@@josephcarcasole6039 Thanks for the _Bad Language_ reference. I just looked over some reviews and it looks good!

Great question! Frankfurt addresses this directly in the opening of his essay. He says: "I am uncertain just how close in meaning the word humbug is to the word bullshit. Of course, the words are not freely and fully interchangeable; it is clear that they are used differently. But the difference appears on the whole to have more to do with considerations of gentility, and certain other rhetorical parameters, than with the strictly literal modes of significance that concern me most. It is more polite, as well as less intense, to say “Humbug!” than to say “Bullshit!” For the sake of this discussion, I shall assume that there is no other important difference between the two."

​@@LetsGetLogicalthanks for this reply. I'm addicted to your videos!

*_One is a Volkswagen._*