Cambridge has a new mathsy train station
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7 жыл бұрынCambridge North is the new train station in Cambridge which features a mathematical design. The architects said the design was "derived from John Conway's Game of Life". Except it's not the Game of Life. It is Stephen Wolfram's Rule 135.
Find out more about Rule 135 (or Rule 30, which is the same thing with the colours swapped) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_30
Here's is Stephen Wolfram's reaction on his blog blog.stephenwolfram.com/2017/0...
Thanks to SRD who spotted this on twitter / 866707269299339264
Here is the architect's website about Cambridge North www.atkinsglobal.com/en-gb/pro...
The architects respond in the comments under this article aperiodical.com/2017/05/right-...
"Let me assure you it is the correct answer. We turned the pattern through 45 degrees, distorted the pixels to a slightly elongated diamond and played about with the panel dimensions to ensure the maximum gathering of openings around eye level for the passengers using the station. What we liked most about rule 30 was it was as close as we could find to a “random” non repeating pattern.
Quintin Doyle, Senior Architectural Designer, Atkins."
The irony is, Stephen Wolfram went to Oxford.
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Corrections:
I misspoke three times. Silly mistakes, but more than usual, and quite close together. I miss KZfaq annotations, that would have sorted it out.
"John Conway was" - That was definitely a slip of the tongue. My mind was picturing 1970 so was speaking in past tense.
"Take that Oxford" - I thought that was quite funny. Apparently Oxford has two stations too. So that spoilt the joke.
"Stephen Wolfram is American" - He was British, and is now an American citizen. People didn't like me calling him American.
And a personal request from me. When you comment you are talking directly to me. Please be respectful. I make videos in my spare time and for fun. I'm just a guy.
@lizardbaron3727 7 жыл бұрын
"Take that Oxford"
@gazman237 7 жыл бұрын
Lizard Baron Oxford parkway :P
@jacksainthill8974 7 жыл бұрын
Penrose tiling, take that Cambridge.
@thesonofasniper 7 жыл бұрын
Bicester has three now
@DeGuerre 7 жыл бұрын
Fun fact: Storey Hall at RMIT in Melbourne (Australia) is designed with Penrose tiles. I'm not sure what this has to do with RMIT.
@pierreabbat6157 7 жыл бұрын
Doesn't that make it Tricester?
@JaccovanSchaik 7 жыл бұрын
Some PR person probably heard it explained as "a bit like Conway's Game of Life" and thought "oh I've vaguely heard of that", and so it stuck.
@MrCheeze 7 жыл бұрын
These 1-dimensional games of life were directly inspired by Conway's game, so it's really not very far off.
@user93237 7 жыл бұрын
It could actually be rule 135 run in Conway's Game of Life. You'd need to subsample the grid to hide the additional structure though.
@TheGrooseIsLoose 7 жыл бұрын
okorok Even better: it's rule 135 run in Conway's Game of Life. This is the initial state.
@seanm7445 7 жыл бұрын
Seems like a Parker Square of an architecture project.
@danielleahearn8714 7 жыл бұрын
Sean M critiquing some abstract art are you?😋
@seanm7445 7 жыл бұрын
Oh hai there. Always nice to meet people outside of Facts. channel :D
@ceafdc 7 жыл бұрын
0:20 "John Conway `is` a british mathematician" John Conway is still alive
@pegy6384 7 жыл бұрын
Is he still an active mathematician? If he's retired, that would explain that he 'was' a mathematician.
@KiloOscarZulu 7 жыл бұрын
Yes, I also noticed that and I had to check to make sure that he is still alive.
@eduardomezencio4057 7 жыл бұрын
As soon as I heard John Conway WAS, I paused the video and went in a hurry to wikipedia to see what happened... I'm glad it's nothing
@pegy6384 7 жыл бұрын
You can certainly quit getting paid for being a mathematician. I suppose in that way it's like being a musician--you keep playing whether or not anyone is listening.
@patricksheldon5859 7 жыл бұрын
Is he still British?
@Lightn0x 7 жыл бұрын
"John Conway was a British mathematician". That "was" made me google if the poor fella died.
@UnderscoreZeroLP 5 жыл бұрын
woo, semantic ambiguity
@benwilcox1192 3 жыл бұрын
:(
@PeterAuto1 3 жыл бұрын
Sadly he died because of corona
@ivanvojvodic8350 7 жыл бұрын
Yay!!!!! James is not dead!!!!!! I look forward to more videos
@domramsey 7 жыл бұрын
The difference between Cambridge and Oxford is that Oxford mathematicians can count to two. Oxford, Oxford Parkway. :p
@uh6679 7 жыл бұрын
Jake Staines It is a London airport; it's just not an airport in London
@uh6679 7 жыл бұрын
***** Shit, i am unbelievably stupid
@error.418 7 жыл бұрын
Technically Oxford Parkway is not in Oxford. It's in the hamlet of Water Eaton.
@pierreabbat6157 7 жыл бұрын
Oxford, Oxford Parkway, Oxford Oxford, Oxford Parkway Parkway, Oxford Parkway Oxford, ...
@DuncanBooth 7 жыл бұрын
+Eddard Stark As indeed is Oxford Airport, or to give it it's full name, London Oxford Airport. Take that Cambridge with your puny Cambridge International Airport! (What is it with these dumb airport names?)
@cherrytaly9765 7 жыл бұрын
finally a new video by u ...been waiting for it for months! I know u must be busy bt plz keep posting videos ...I just love them!!😍
@sebastianespejoloyaga7603 7 жыл бұрын
cherry taly *for months
@cherrytaly9765 7 жыл бұрын
Sebastián Espejo Loyaga ...okay bro?
@uofmrob 7 жыл бұрын
Agreed!!!
@mikekuppen6256 7 жыл бұрын
+
@dhmdm3106 7 жыл бұрын
Glad to see a new video from you. It's those little things that keep me motivated to learn new things I would never have found by myself :-)
@Liliou 7 жыл бұрын
So happy to enjoy a new video of Mr Grime! And something interesting I didn't know about, and that I'm going to have fun researching and learning about! :D Thanks for sharing!
@VincentZalzal 7 жыл бұрын
Interesting, I had never heard of this rule! For those who prefer to remember the rule using logic: if you name the pixels A, B and C, then the rule is A XOR (B OR C) (where white pixels are true), if I am not mistaken.
@jonlottgaming 7 жыл бұрын
I don't think thats right. If labeling CBA from left to right, I get ((A NAND B) AND (NOT C)) OR (A AND B AND C) although they might be equivalent
@kaychimav 7 жыл бұрын
010 also becomes 1. Also, 110 and 011 are symmetric, but their output is not the same, while the equivalent is not true for 001 and 100.
@VincentZalzal 7 жыл бұрын
@jonlottgaming I've worked out your version, and it is also correct. You labeled the pixels in the opposite order I used, and you considered black as true, whereas I considered white as true.
@jonlottgaming 7 жыл бұрын
Ah ok, that makes more sense! I said black was 1 as the output at the bottom is black when the 1 is underneath at 1:29.
@VincentZalzal 7 жыл бұрын
Indeed. If we want it to be called rule 135, it has to be black == 1 :) Where I work, I am used to white being 1, that's all. With your labeling CBA, and black == 1, it can be further simplified to (A AND B) XNOR C, or (A && B) == C, if you prefer.
@MartiniComedian 7 жыл бұрын
I'm just happy to see that you're alive! ;) Please post more videos!!!
@Innovativemagi 7 жыл бұрын
I love the coincidence of finding this channel twice; once through mismag822 and mathemagic and the second through Brady's videos on numberphile. I wonder how many other people can site two unique means of discovery to this channel.
@elliottmcollins 7 жыл бұрын
I am always excited to see you've posted. Off to make a bunch of rule-based graphs!
@miroslavkollar9577 7 жыл бұрын
nice to see this channel still lives :)
@connorp3030 7 жыл бұрын
Can you explain how rule 110 can be used to simulate computer programs or do calculations?
@tjejojyj 7 жыл бұрын
connorp3030 yes. My question as well. I presume it's because the rules effectively reflect logic operators - AND, OR, NAND etc.
@Puj0 7 жыл бұрын
connorp3030 If you are impatient you could search for book New Kind of Science by Stephen Wolfram. If I recall correctly there is explained why rule 110 is Turing complete, ie. why it could be used as a computer (very impractical one).
@ThatGuy-nv2wo 7 жыл бұрын
Yep, rules can be used as logic gates, so you can create a basic RISC. Completely impractical, as Pavle said, but could be fun to make a compiler/interpreter for (I might just try that).
@dixie_rekd9601 7 жыл бұрын
That Guy nice profile pic 😀
@columbus8myhw 7 жыл бұрын
From Wikipedia: "[Matthew] Cook proved that Rule 110 was universal (or Turing complete) by showing it was possible to use the rule to emulate another computational model, the cyclic tag system, which is known to be universal. He first isolated a number of spaceships, self-perpetuating localized patterns, that could be constructed on an infinitely repeating pattern in a Rule 110 universe. He then devised a way for combinations of these structures to interact in a manner that could be exploited for computation." Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_110 It provides the following links: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_complete en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_system en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceship_(CA)
@Hauketal 7 жыл бұрын
Great to see you again. And in the same KZfaq proposals list a video by Geoff&Vicky aka All The Stations.
@XMegaJuni 7 жыл бұрын
Your videos are fantastic. Please continue to share your awesomeness.
@tedspeak 7 жыл бұрын
Such an affable person and a pleasure to listen to! I was never good at maths but no matter! Thank you
@noterictalbott6102 7 жыл бұрын
Great to see a new video!
@IcyDiamondDust 7 жыл бұрын
I lived in Cambridge, I yelled at you while running past the (old) station a few months ago! Good video :)
@gustavagerbo3236 7 жыл бұрын
Great to see you are uploading videos again!
@withedoter6277 7 жыл бұрын
Welcome back Master!!!
@davidescobar6300 7 жыл бұрын
you are here, oh my god. Thank you forma coming
@tonyjones9442 5 жыл бұрын
This video came up in my feed. I saw a KZfaq video on "all the stations" (Geoff Marshall) regarding this station, and they mentioned the patterns but didn't give much away. This video was good, but for the layman. It was a bit of a fast explanation. It's triggered my curiosity so will look into more. Good enthusiasm though!!
@TheDeetster 7 жыл бұрын
oh man i would love to have seen him talk more about this like i wish it was a 30 minute video as opposed to 3
@romanski5811 7 жыл бұрын
Endlich gibt es wieder Video von dir! Bitte mehr davon.
@anon6514 7 жыл бұрын
Welcome back!
@DISammi 7 жыл бұрын
Waiting for a singingbanana video is the most exciting maths adventure on the internet. Do more puzzles they are fun!
@TheNgandrew 7 жыл бұрын
Fascinating subject, and a fascinating video. Thank you.
@Nanaki404 7 жыл бұрын
I tend to prefer rule 150, partly because it is its own color-swap rule (unlike rules 30-135) and is also symmetric left-right. And I love how, starting with a random sequence, it produces black triangles and white triangles everywhere.
@Kiwiscore 7 жыл бұрын
he's back!
@senc1971 7 жыл бұрын
Good to see a new video on your channel, but I'm glad that there are now several months between videos--easier to keep up with that way. It's a good thing you aren't letting commenters pressure you into uploading more often, as the quality would almost surely decrease and people would end up taking them for granted, like those numberphile videos that come out all the time....
@singingbanana 7 жыл бұрын
Your sarcastic comment won't help.
@senc1971 7 жыл бұрын
Sorry, wasn't meant to be obnoxious. I really do get overwhelmed with keeping up with certain things at times. I realize that this isn't your job and I'm grateful for all the videos you've made, as I said in an earlier comment (Fancy Dance 2009).
@singingbanana 7 жыл бұрын
+senc1971 Then I am sorry!
@TheSingingNerd 7 жыл бұрын
Fascinating as always!
@leow_se 7 жыл бұрын
Oxford has TWO railway stations. The new one opened in last 2015
@Dylan-ii1ds 4 жыл бұрын
And now it is 3 years and 2 weeks old for those of you viewing this in June 2020
@DesmondAltairEzio 7 жыл бұрын
what about the squares on the edges? how is that determined?
@BhupinderSingh-xv6dk 6 жыл бұрын
My man James you are a true soldier and true citizen . your service to community is priceless.
@sardonicnerd 7 жыл бұрын
Please. Oxford has had a second train station (Oxford Parkway) for quite some time.
@error.418 7 жыл бұрын
Technically Oxford Parkway is not in Oxford. It's in the hamlet of Water Eaton.
@hugoharada5301 7 жыл бұрын
How do I decide the color of the first square of the second line?
@CBMaster2 7 жыл бұрын
How do you apply the rule for the 2 corner pieces?
@TimMeep 7 жыл бұрын
On another site someone posting as "Quintin Doyle, Senior Architectural Designer, Atkins" says its Stephan Wolfram's Rule 30. They posted "What we liked most about rule 30 was it was as close as we could find to a 'random' non repeating pattern."
@jalexander9520 7 жыл бұрын
How is the next row decided for the squares with one neighbor?
@kaleyschuster1951 7 жыл бұрын
Ahh I was just in Cambridge! I didn't know about this! Dammit
@abdullahalarfaj4930 7 жыл бұрын
Will periodic behavior be a result of a rule? or the combination of a rule and an initial state? a follow up video on the pattern required :)
@TheFedeLegend 7 жыл бұрын
Nice catch!
@ferncat1397 7 жыл бұрын
That suspense before the 'thanks for watching' had me worried :P
@UMosNyu 7 жыл бұрын
I am having problems around the edges. If I asume that we have an infinite array of 0 and then somewhere our starting sequence, rule 135 (and any rule with 0 0 0 -> 1) turns the whole infinite region into 1. So my questionwould be: what to do at the edge? loop around and take the last element?
@iDEaXANA 7 жыл бұрын
8 month upload schedule. noiiice!
@BertGrink 7 жыл бұрын
That inserted sequence from the actual Game of Life, is that the Gosper Glider Gun?
@Turcian 7 жыл бұрын
Woah, it's been a while!
@gabest4 7 жыл бұрын
If you use the average value in gray scale, that simulates a burning flame surprisingly well. Old demos used it all the time back in the last millennium.
@error.418 7 жыл бұрын
awesome! I would love to try this.
@danielthebingham 7 жыл бұрын
I'd like to point out we have Oxford and Oxford Parkway as stations, so as usual Cambridge are playing catch up.
@singingbanana 7 жыл бұрын
+danielthebingham Are they mathsy train stations?
@danielthebingham 7 жыл бұрын
singingbanana sadly not
@error.418 7 жыл бұрын
Technically Oxford Parkway is not in Oxford. It's in the hamlet of Water Eaton.
@mathmusicminecraft 7 жыл бұрын
AAAAA when were you in Cambridge??? I could have arrived at the station too!! if it was open?
@EllipticGeometry 7 жыл бұрын
Hey, my favorite singing banana is still here. Nice stuff. I just feel like strangling the autofocus. It keeps tempting me with an almost-sharp image of the terminal and then jumps back to a total blur.
@Wiki7202 7 жыл бұрын
anyone notice the autofocus in the background? phases in and out of focus frequentlly
@error.418 7 жыл бұрын
Eh, some cameras aren't as good at autofocus as others.
@Dayumhesgood 5 жыл бұрын
Sorry James, Oxford also has 2 train stations now: Oxford and Oxford parkway...and its second station opened before Cambridge north.
@johnmasters504 4 жыл бұрын
Cambridge North is actually in Chesterton not Cambridge
@lsbrother 7 жыл бұрын
Conway's Game can produce many different patterns depending on the initial configuration; is it inconceivable that it could produce Wolframs rule 135 pattern?
@DanDart 7 жыл бұрын
i saw this on a video about animal shells and made a program to use any wolfram rule.
@DesmondAltairEzio 7 жыл бұрын
Messing around with this, rule 154 produces Sierpinski's Triangle if you input only one cell filled in! Neat.
@error.418 7 жыл бұрын
very neat!
@hanniffydinn6019 7 жыл бұрын
I got a shell with this pattern on yesterday ...as I knew it was this kind of pattern interaction....
@Piineapple. 7 жыл бұрын
However if you take a finite number of squares in a line like here, there will be a moment where you'll return on the initial configuration, so the model is condemned to repeat
@Q99g 7 жыл бұрын
yaaay finally a new video! :D
@the_podu 7 жыл бұрын
waw. i missed this channel
@shamrockfrost1856 7 жыл бұрын
I'll definitely get around to implementing game of life... Tomorrow....
@Tsanislav 7 жыл бұрын
How does the rule treat the edges? I can't seem to see the pattern.... or your graphic is misleading.
@Ztingjammer 7 жыл бұрын
I have been, and it's been great 😊 Greetings from Sweden!
@ClaskoTheKnight 7 жыл бұрын
Why did the elaphelk cross the road?
@JudgeHill 7 жыл бұрын
Of course, Oxford also has a second train station. As with many efforts, Oxford got there first!
@flamencoprof 7 жыл бұрын
Sounds just like the cellular automaton I programmed my C64 for in about 1984 after reading about it in Scientific American. It ran by directly manipulating the screen memory but Peeks & Pokes were too slow & I had to learn opcodes to make it go faster. It was fun tweaking the rules to find a sweet spot between totally random & boring repetition,
@cyborg98 7 жыл бұрын
This is really cool!
@stumbling 7 жыл бұрын
hmm I created this by accident when I was making a game of life program years ago. Had no idea it was its own thing.
@estebanzd9434 4 жыл бұрын
Rest in Peace, our John Conway.
@omkelderman 7 жыл бұрын
on 1:22 there is the explanation of the rule, but one part I dont get is the cells at the begin and end of the line: They lack a neighbour, and I cant seem to be able to figure out the logic used there to produce the next line, since if you take the left most cell of the first line, its black, with a black cell to the right, but below its black as well. That means that according to the rules there must be a black cell to left, so it doesnt "wrap around" since the right most cell if the first line is white. So do we just assume black at the edges?
@jetison333 7 жыл бұрын
depends on what you want really. you can assume black, or white, or wraparound.
@omkelderman 7 жыл бұрын
makes sense I guess :D
@prestonjensen6172 7 жыл бұрын
how do you find the color for the edge cells? they don't have the requisite three cells above them to determine their color
@singingbanana 7 жыл бұрын
Assume it's an infinite row of white cells.
@prestonjensen6172 7 жыл бұрын
That''s interesting, because the rows will alter between black and white, given the rule that three whites make a black.
@stevethecatcouch6532 7 жыл бұрын
+Preston Jensen In Rule 135, three blacks also make a black, so if you start with ... 0000000000001000000000000....., the next few rows will be ...0000000000001000000000000... ...1111111111111011111111111... ...1111111111110001111111111... ...1111111111100110111111111...
@prestonjensen6172 7 жыл бұрын
Oh, yes. You're right.
@matthewwilliams6904 7 жыл бұрын
OMG YOU UPLOADED!!!!!!!
@macronencer 7 жыл бұрын
I knew immediately that this was Wolfram, not Conway. That makes me a geek! However, I didn't know which pattern number it was, so I just missed qualifying as a nerd :(
@milogill-taylor9851 7 жыл бұрын
do you still make videos for numberphile
@wyattstevens8574 2 ай бұрын
W30 is the B/W reversal of W135 shown here, so that could be an "almost valid" description!
@bittertea 7 жыл бұрын
Informative as always. Thanks for the video. It's been a while. Let your inner banana sing more often. :P Coincidently, I am programing Conway's Game of Life in C++. It's a lot of loops, like two arrays (but I think it's possible to do one only) and scanning user made functions. Pattern is a bit random looking and I don't know if it would translate well as a design. That wasn't the point though. The station was suppose to honor the work of scholars in the area but it didn't. Rule 135 or 30 done in Princeton, New Jersey. *Ouch.* John Horton Conway is still alive. I wonder if he will comment.
@junkfeed6188 7 жыл бұрын
I thought you have done video posting. Please post more videos like before.
@anshulraman4503 7 жыл бұрын
Same guy created wolfram alpha?
@davidwuhrer6704 7 жыл бұрын
Yes.
@columbus8myhw 7 жыл бұрын
In fact, the loading animation on Wolfram Alpha is also a cellular automaton (though more similar to Conway's Game of Life than to Rule 30): stackoverflow.com/questions/27332460/what-is-the-cellular-automaton-shown-as-loading-screen-on-wolfram-alpha
@jakeroosenbloom 7 жыл бұрын
Wow this channel still exists...
@Nai61a 7 жыл бұрын
"It's (a game of) life, Jim, but not as we know it." Star Trek related quotes - just occasionally they come in useful!
@coryman125 7 жыл бұрын
Now all we need is an "unpause simulation" button and the pattern will become that much more interesting! Unless of course it's a pattern that will eventually die off...
@toastysauze 7 жыл бұрын
There is a rule 30, 110, 135 I am genuinely curious as to if there is a rule 34, and what it is if so.
@alech8336 6 жыл бұрын
? Train station? I only entered and left Oxford in my classic Maserati when I was a student there.
@joinedupjon 7 жыл бұрын
Stephan Wolfram who went to Oxford?
@Nayson 7 жыл бұрын
Oxford has got two railway stations too, Oxford and Oxford Parkway, so there. :P
@singingbanana 7 жыл бұрын
+RandomNameHere We're catching up
@error.418 7 жыл бұрын
Technically Oxford Parkway is not in Oxford. It's in the hamlet of Water Eaton.
@user-hb4pn8oo8z 7 жыл бұрын
ok just tried to code it - what happens on the edges? the ones that only have one neighbour.. edit: it`s just two times the same
@user-hb4pn8oo8z 7 жыл бұрын
That was really interesting! :)
@Ahlis369 7 жыл бұрын
YaaaaaaaaaaYYYYYYYY! thank you for that video it made my day :)
@mversantvoort 7 жыл бұрын
Cool video, thanks! Hope there will be more videos of you again soon :D
@kallmekrissarchivetiktoks8012 7 жыл бұрын
That's really cool
@Jean-Berry 4 жыл бұрын
RIP John Conway
@ekp8525 7 жыл бұрын
The camera can not decide whether to focus on James or the subject of the video!
@alinemsmenezes 7 жыл бұрын
How did u find out its exactly rule 135?
@alinemsmenezes 7 жыл бұрын
Wolfram has done it himself... blog.stephenwolfram.com/2017/06/oh-my-gosh-its-covered-in-rule-30s/
@Maximillian-Tiberius-Rex 7 жыл бұрын
what was that about
@RBXTrains 7 жыл бұрын
Oxford has 2 train stations though?
@error.418 7 жыл бұрын
Technically Oxford Parkway is not in Oxford. It's in the hamlet of Water Eaton.
@DrDherp 7 жыл бұрын
Ha! Great video, thanks for sharing.