Can 2^x be negative?

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Dr Peyam

Dr Peyam

2 жыл бұрын

Can 2^x ever be negative? We solve the equation 2^x is less than 0 by using complex exponentials and Euler's formula with i and pi and logarithms. The solutions in the complex plane are straight lines that are parallel and nicely laid out. So yes, this exponential equation can be negative, unlike what you may have learned in algebra and precalculus.
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Пікірлер: 84
@MathAdam
@MathAdam 2 жыл бұрын
I love it when he spices it up by adding 2 times himself.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
🔥 🌶
@zantoine._
@zantoine._ 2 жыл бұрын
Really nice video ! I'm taking entrance exam for a school in Belgium and watching math videos really makes me want to study more math ! thanks ! :D
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Bonne chance!!
@zantoine._
@zantoine._ 2 жыл бұрын
@@drpeyam oyo merci :D
@danielgarrison7463
@danielgarrison7463 2 жыл бұрын
Love these videos!
@abdonecbishop
@abdonecbishop 2 жыл бұрын
well done Dr. Peyam..… For me compactness forces the infinite to have a bounded near zero value in the neighborhood √-1 graphed at point i•(0, 1)
@hassanalihusseini1717
@hassanalihusseini1717 2 жыл бұрын
Hey, I loved really "Two Peyam I" 🙂 Nice video, and nice explanation!
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Thank youuu :)
@youtubeviolatedme7123
@youtubeviolatedme7123 2 жыл бұрын
Are you _positive_ 2^x can be negative?
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Hahaha
@NittyLittyNiturzion
@NittyLittyNiturzion 2 жыл бұрын
The way i love to think about it is if 2^x = -a, where a is some positive constant, then x = log2(-a), which can be split using log rules to get log2(a) + log2(-1), and using the logic you mentioned, log2(-1) = ipi/ln2, so 2^x gives the negative real number -a if x = log2(a) + ipi/ln(2) + (2piMi/ln2)
@TheEternalVortex42
@TheEternalVortex42 2 жыл бұрын
The power rule for logs is only valid with positive arguments so although this gives you the correct answer in this case it's not a valid approach in general.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Exactly what Andrey said! Here the rule is valid because a is a positive real number, but in general the rule is very dangerous
@whatitmeans
@whatitmeans 2 жыл бұрын
Could you made a video about solving f'(x)=2f(2x+1)-2f(2x-1) please?
@geertsimonaanen5334
@geertsimonaanen5334 2 жыл бұрын
Are there gaps between the lines where 2^z is bigger, smaller or equal to zero?
@lel0243
@lel0243 2 жыл бұрын
Wait. Why you cancel the three is?
@vinuthomas7193
@vinuthomas7193 2 жыл бұрын
Does that mean it's imaginary in between the positive troffs and the negative troffs? I wonder what the smooth curve looks like that goes in and out of the board - and what it represents.
@johnny_eth
@johnny_eth 2 жыл бұрын
The π/ln2 term came from e^πi. That is - 1. For +1 the term is e^(0i+2πiM), so right between all those (1+2M)π lines
@christianhoff689
@christianhoff689 2 жыл бұрын
There’s just something so satisfying about the marker hitting the white board
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Agreed
@trtlphnx
@trtlphnx 2 жыл бұрын
Great presentation As Usual ~
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you!!
@mustafaa3370
@mustafaa3370 2 жыл бұрын
Hey Dr. Peyam! I was wondering if you could give me some advice with my math career. I’m self studying measure theory and I’m having real trouble with some of the proofs. I was wondering if you think I should revisit undergraduate analysis or continue with measure theory. The reason I ask is because I don’t think I ever got a deep understanding of undergraduate analysis, by which I mean I understand everything on the surface and can follow the proofs but I’ll probably struggle if you toss me a random problem from Baby Rudin. Any advice would be much appreciated, thanks!
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
I’d review real analysis first
@mustafaa3370
@mustafaa3370 2 жыл бұрын
@@drpeyam Thanks a lot Professor!
@abdulhadibarodi6819
@abdulhadibarodi6819 2 жыл бұрын
Hello sir I would like to ask you since you have experience as a mathematician The question is does L' hopital rule work for any limit of any function when x approaches a number or when x approaches +or - infinity please help me about that 🙏🙏
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
There are some Hopital's videos on my channel discussing this, check them out
@MichaelRothwell1
@MichaelRothwell1 2 жыл бұрын
It works for f(x)/g(x) as long as the limit is an indeterminate of the form 0/0 or ±∞/±∞, and as long as g'(x) is non-zero in an open interval around a finite limit for x (except at the limit itself) or for sufficiently large x (for limit at ∞), or for sufficiently large negative x (for limit at -∞).
@virzislive3279
@virzislive3279 2 жыл бұрын
You Are Simply Worth Watching ...Dr.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Thank youuuuu
@richardfredlund3802
@richardfredlund3802 2 жыл бұрын
i've never been that comfortable with complex numbers, this might be why. After he explains at the end that 2^x is positive on those other horizontal lines, I spent about a minute wondering well if it's negative on those lines and positive on those lines what happens everywhere else? duh.
@kennethmui88
@kennethmui88 2 жыл бұрын
I am having trouble understanding, @ 2:43, if r is any real positive number, how can x be any real number? Doesn't x have to be any positive real number?
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Remember than ln can be negative, like ln(1/2) = -ln(2)
@sirmac6726
@sirmac6726 2 жыл бұрын
Una objeción, en Z no está definida una relación de orden, expresiones como u>v (u,z complejos) no tiene sentido.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Doesn’t matter, here in the end it’s real
@markkennedy9767
@markkennedy9767 2 жыл бұрын
4:05 horizontal lines? 🙂
@richardfredlund3802
@richardfredlund3802 2 жыл бұрын
yeah i think so
@markkennedy9767
@markkennedy9767 2 жыл бұрын
What would prompt someone to break the expression into e^ln()
@hywelgriffiths5747
@hywelgriffiths5747 2 жыл бұрын
We want to solve for complex z in 2^z=re^ipi. e is the base of natural logarithms so 2=e^ln2, and so 2^z=e^zln2, which allows the most direct comparison between the two sides of the original equation
@markkennedy9767
@markkennedy9767 2 жыл бұрын
@@hywelgriffiths5747 Yeah cheers I see it now. I think I'm just lazy sometimes in thinking about the whys of these steps.
@shuba5173
@shuba5173 2 жыл бұрын
it's imposible in reel numberss
@WerewolfLord
@WerewolfLord 2 жыл бұрын
Has anyone else gone from representing the multiple solutions as e.g. e^([some θ]+2kπi), to replacing 2kπi with 2πmi, as a result of watching too much Dr πm? No? Just me? Of course, we know there is no such thing as too much Dr πm.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Hahaha
@ieatgarbage8771
@ieatgarbage8771 2 жыл бұрын
2^x=-1 xln2=ln(e^iπ) x=iπ/ln2
@jamiewalker329
@jamiewalker329 2 жыл бұрын
The complex plane has no order relation. e.g. -1 is not less than 0 when considering them to be complex numbers.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
But it is when it’s real
@jamiewalker329
@jamiewalker329 2 жыл бұрын
@@drpeyam Yes, but why then would you assume x is complex? The viewers are supposed to understand by f(x) = 2^x that you mean that the codomain is real, and that the domain is some subset of the complex numbers such that the function has real outputs? You've deliberately chosen to be ambiguous: why didn't you just write for what values of z does 2^z have an argument of pi. Say what you mean - don't just create click bait.
@jonathasa4625
@jonathasa4625 2 жыл бұрын
Elegant
@lacasadeacero
@lacasadeacero 2 жыл бұрын
M=1. much better XD
@plutothetutor1660
@plutothetutor1660 2 жыл бұрын
x = log_2(-a), a>0
@finmat95
@finmat95 2 жыл бұрын
log_2(-a) with a>0 doesn't exists
@plutothetutor1660
@plutothetutor1660 2 жыл бұрын
@@finmat95 depends if we are in ℝ or ℂ
@finmat95
@finmat95 2 жыл бұрын
@@plutothetutor1660 Nope
@dfdxdfdydfdz
@dfdxdfdydfdz Жыл бұрын
@@finmat95 It does if x∈ℂ
@rubenvela44
@rubenvela44 2 жыл бұрын
1 = 1.1
@tomctutor
@tomctutor 2 жыл бұрын
To an engineer 1.1 will do for 1 but bloody mathematicians are purists and always insust on exact solutions. Which is not really what real life is like.
@dilip.bhati1
@dilip.bhati1 2 жыл бұрын
One question from my side bro... Sin [99^(9999!)] is positive or negative?
@Apollorion
@Apollorion 2 жыл бұрын
Presuming that your sin function accepts/interpretes its input in radians, the answer is yes.
@dilip.bhati1
@dilip.bhati1 2 жыл бұрын
@@Apollorion yes it accepts radian and input is in radian notation.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
@Apollorion Can you elaborate? This is interesting
@MichaelRothwell1
@MichaelRothwell1 2 жыл бұрын
@@drpeyam he is saying that it is indeed positive or negative, i.e. not zero, since no integer except zero is a multiple of π. It would actually still be true if the argument were to be in degrees, as the given argument is an odd integer. Not deep at all, I'm afraid.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
@Michael Rothwell Awwww I thought he meant a definite answer, like it’s definitely positive or definitely negative
@tomctutor
@tomctutor 2 жыл бұрын
Could someone give me Log_i(2)? Now _i_ raised to any power has modulus 1 so the answer cannot be real, so must be imaginary just like our πmi シ
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
I like that!!
@awesometronic
@awesometronic 2 жыл бұрын
cute nails, dr peyam! :)
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks so much!! :)
@TheEternalVortex42
@TheEternalVortex42 2 жыл бұрын
Usually `x` is used for a real variable so in that case 2^x cannot be negative. Kind of clickbaity :P
@lumi2030
@lumi2030 2 жыл бұрын
nice nails lmao
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you!!!
@nHans
@nHans 2 жыл бұрын
_"Can 2^x be negative?"_ Yes, of course! *Every positive number has **_two_** square roots, both **_real,_** one of which is **_negative._* So yeah, 2^(1/2) = ±√2. Simple. No need to use complex numbers. 👍 For extra credit, sure, math PhDs are welcome to display their erudition 🤣. Why stop at complex numbers though-aren't there dual, split-complex, quaternions, octonions, ..., hyperreals, surreals etc. that can also solve 2^x < 0?
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Wait what?
@ramoncatalangonzalez8301
@ramoncatalangonzalez8301 2 жыл бұрын
2^x is defined to be the positive root. If it had two values, 2^x would not be a function.
@nHans
@nHans 2 жыл бұрын
​@@drpeyam Yeah, it's something I learnt in middle school, long before complex numbers or precalculus. Did they force you to forget all that when you did your PhD?!!! 😆 Let me give you another example. This time let me use 9 as the base instead of 2, simply to avoid confusion with the radical sign, nothing more: _Can 9^x be negative?_ Let's see, (-3)² = 9, so 9^(1/2) = -3 is indeed a solution to 9^x < 0.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
That is nonsense
@nHans
@nHans 2 жыл бұрын
​@@ramoncatalangonzalez8301 Dude, it's kinda late for jokes-today is the 3rd of April in my city; give or take a day in yours 🤣. In your original, unedited comment you said two things: (1) _"2^x is defined to be the positive root."_ Correction: Nope, 2^x is a power. Depending on x, the result can be anything-positive, negative, real, imaginary, complex, matrix etc. You're confusing it with the radical sign "√", which stands for the *principal* square root. Note: 'Principal' does not necessarily mean 'positive.' In fact, √x is positive if and only if x is positive. So √2 ≈ 1.4142... is positive. Otherwise √x is zero, imaginary, or complex. (2) _If it had two values, 2^x would not be a function._ Correction: Actually, 2^x is single-valued *only when x is an integer, otherwise it is **_multi-valued._* In particular, 2^(1/2) has two values, √2 ≈ 1.4142... and -√2 ≈ -1.4142... Did you even watch this video-or any video by Dr. Peyam where he tacks on 2πmi to the answers? Those are all multi-valued 'functions.' In fact, most 'functions' of complex arguments are multi-valued, even if their real counterparts are single-valued.
@apfelbaum370
@apfelbaum370 2 жыл бұрын
nice vid, nice fingernägel!
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 2 жыл бұрын
Danke 😁
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