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Cardiac Tamponade -- causes, ECG, Diagnosis, Pathology, Clinical findings, Treatment
Cardiac tamponade is the condition where Compression exerted on the heart by the accumulation of blood or fluid in the pericardium, compromising cardiac output. Primary symptoms are shortness of breath accompanied by hypotension and tachycardia. Other findings include cyanosis, peripheral leg edema, chest pain, decreased heart sounds, fatigue, tachypnea, syncope, anuria, oliguria, pericardial friction rub, and pulsus paradoxus. Similar etiology as pericardial effusion or hemorrhage, including a wide variety of infections, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory disorders, tumor growth, trauma, radiation, iatrogenic causes, and cardiac or metabolic abnormalities. Rarely drug-induced.
Best Tests
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Echocardiography: assess for the presence and extent of pericardial effusion. Findings of the diastolic collapse of the right atrium and ventricle, as well as increased respiratory variation inflow across the mitral and tricuspid valves on Doppler assessment, strongly suggest pericardial tamponade.
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