The mixing of the use of bits and bytes is driving me nuts: 1.6 Petabits = 0.2 Petabytes.

Would love to see this come back. Local, hard, disconnected storage is guaranteed security

I swear bro 1970s to early 2000s Japan was an engineering haven.

I cancelled my Spotify subscription and was surprised to find that my lounge room cabinet full of CDs didn't disappear overnight. Don't tell Spotify, but it looks like I've found a loophole in their business model which allows me to actually own the music and play it forever!

Maybe put the disc in a casing like the mini disc. Losing 700 MB is one thing but losing 1.6 petabits because your disc got scratched up or stained would be a bit hard to swallow.

With physical media going away and everything being digital "Not owned" by us, I fully 1000% welcome physical media disks back with open arms.

Fun fact: The bit depth and sample rate of CD, which is still used on a lot of modern formats and streaming today, was set by the capability of an ancient video cassette format called U-matic. In the early days, there was no practical way to store or transport the amount of data a CD held. So Sony developed a range of PCM encoders, the most popular of which were the PCM1610 and improved PCM1630. These stunningly expensive devices were paired up with suitably expensive special U-matic video recorders, so that the contents of a CD could be written out to video tape for delivery. The data rate pushed the very limits of what could be stored on video tape, and to be honest the format was fragile even when new. Now there are hardly any working sets of PCM1630 encoders with their matching DRM4000 U-matic decks left. I have two of these kits which I use to recover PCM audio tapes which recording studios find in their archives. Also I've added even more rare equipment to them so that the data can be extracted via a pure digital route, which is complicated by the PCM equipment using an obsolete digital audio connection method. I love this sort of junk.

I want physical media back. I want to own my movies, music and video games

it is probably going to be like LTO tapes. The disks themselfes will be cheap but the drive that reads them will be expensive.

I remember switching from cassettes to cds and feeling like I lived in the year 3000

The decline of CD sales in the early 2000s was due to another factor besides MP3s. Their sales were inflated by the fact that millions of people were replacing collections of vinyl and tape with CDs. These collections were often large and could cover decades of music recordings. By 2000, most people had replaced the old media and sales sunk when they were mainly new titles.

"Ahh... I Scratch my disk" "Okey, how bad is it?" "Lost 100.000 movies..."

There is a sci-fi horror movie called Event Horizon that came out in 1995 about the world in 2040. Everything was great, except they showed CD-disks being used in spaceship as storage device. I was amused, watching that in 2022, but now it seems that the movie actually might have predicted the future and that it was the CDs used in this video. Edit : The movie came out in 1997, as some people pointed out in the replies. I humbly stand corrected.

Will it be refined? Yes. Will it be commercially successful? Yet to be determined as you said. I worked on the magneto optic data storage technology for about 15 years. It was robust. It was the leap forward at the beginning of that tech. Other tech came along. M-O drives and discs were expensive. It sold for a while and I think mostly in Japan. It didn't dominate and eventually played out. This video brought back memories of storage media development. Lots of fun and hard work.

One scratch = an entire folder of data disappearing

Bixby Snyder from Robocop 1987: I'd buy THAT for a dollar! (laughter ensues).

Two of these disks could store a Call of Duty game. That's insane!

I used to sell electronics years ago. I actually sold the Sony CDP-101 and remember it well. It was amazing as we had nothing remotely close to that technology at the time. It was in the early '80s. Sony then came out with the first portable CD player. A friend of mine bought one. They sold for $399.99 ... It was the first portable CD player our store sold. A completely different story: When I first started in the electronics field, I was about 19 years old. I worked with a man over twice my age and with lots of knowledge. His name was Monty, and he told me in the future we would have large thick phone book like directories that we would be able to dial up a song from and it would "stream" to us. This was predicted in about 1979 by Monty. He predicted what we now know of as streaming music! Please keep in mind, this was before the first home PC was released and many years before the Internet! There was no downloading, no streaming, no Internet, no cell phones, just records and turntables. No cassettes yet...just reel to reel tape machines. I always remembered Monty because that was some thinking I'd never heard of before nor did anyone I knew ever imagine anything like that. Pretty co0ol!

For me using CDs is common. I don't stream music, and I never will. I also continue my lifelong accumulation of records. Yesterday I bought a number of LPs. 45s, and 78s at an estate sale.

Imagine your cd gets scratches, that's 200 Terabytes lost data there.

Digital and streaming is the enemy of the consumer. Long live physical media ♥️

I think it’d be really cool if this technology could be harnessed to bring physical media back to video game consoles and help us preserve media. Maybe instead of using 100 layers, they could produce ones with fewer levels that could be more commercially viable.

This new storage medium isn't practical yet, but there was a time when the CD wasn't either. I will patiently wait and be glad there is still work being done in this space.

I remember a time when i went into town based music store to buy a vinyl album and used to marvel over the cover art work and the treasures that might be contained within . Never ever felt that way over compact discs

Kid carrying a Discman Friend: How many song you got there? Kid: All. All of them.

I first ran into CD's in 1985. A guy I worked with had one and I was amazed. It turned out that one store in town carried them. I eventually bought one a few years later.

6:59 at one point you say petabits, the next second it‘s petabytes. That’s a factor 8 difference.

Literally 2 days ago, I was lamenting the fact that we don't have a good long-term storage solution for our data anymore because CDs and BluRays can't hold enough data. And now this video popped into my feed!

I never really gave up on CD because there is nothing better to save information cheaply and permanently.I have 20 year old Data-CDs and not to report a single data loss...not even a modern hard drive can do that. I love this technology.

I've recently started to get interested in CDs and started to rip CDs that my parents and other relatives have, and have downloaded tons of flac music from online to listen to better quality music than my MP3 collection.

Awesome as always brother… glad you still have the spark since the first video I ever watched…

For signal processing experts, using bits makes a lot of sense. They don't really care that much about how you'll group your bits into characters. Everyone else only cares about bytes. Unfortunately even with bytes we get the problem with binary prefixes, a.k.a. "Your product says it's one terabyte, but Windows says it's much less than that! I want my money back!"

"When was the last time you used a CD or went to a physical music store?" Literally yesterday. Found some great CD's and 2 vinyl records. I don't think I'll ever stop collecting music on physical media.

Magnetic and flash memory manufacturers collude and price-fix to keep their margins from collapsing. Competition is overdue.

I'll never forget the first cdrom I saw. It even had a case called a cd caddy that you had to put it in in order to insert it into the Mac. I was completely blown away. It was right up there with the first email I ever sent (to some kids at a university who responded to our class so fast it was.. well, world changing.

My first CD Player was a Realistic CD-1000 in 1984. My first car CD player was a Pioneer 2-piece setup where the CD player itself was mounted under the dashboard and plugged into the radio unit in the dash.

This will allow uncompressed movies. the files in movie theaters are 200gb per movie, even that is compressed in some way. Imagine uncompressed movies, the quality would be mind breaking for movie enthusiasts.

TBH if this will be affordable, there's a huge market for it in India as majority of the people still use hard drives and not cloud storage to back up there data

There was already a 120 Tb optical disc in limited production several years ago. When the Israeli lunar lander exploded in 2019, it reportedly had one onboard. I know that they were a year or two old at that point.

I'd definitely use one of these, especially if we're able to leave the session open after burning. It'll be great for archiving stuff.

Remember Napster and Metallica? And now companies are plugged into your bank account, rather than you owning a CD, your renting music and movies infinitely 😢

I even bought a CD recently and it took me back so many years ago. There was just something special about owning a physical copy and then being able to burn the songs onto iTunes aka Apple Music nowadays.

world governments, media companies, big tech will never allow average citizens to have this amount of data storage capacity

Your channel has exploded, love to see the growth

Plenty of people still use physical storage for backup. Also you said kW of power per PB of storage. What does that mean. kW is a measure of power. How much ENERGY does it take to write a PB of data? Especially compared to current energy usage to write that in other media.

The funny thing is that CD’s like this are actually necessary because video games are getting very large. Even though it’s unlikely we will need petabyte disks, it would still be useful to have large disks. The issue is that most developers don’t put the final game on the disk and often force you to download the game. If we lived in a world where they did put the final game on the disk, we would probably find it more convenient to have the physical copy of a game vs the digital.

Dire Straits' album _Brothers in Arms_ was also the first *fully* digital rock music CD. All CDs are digitally mastered, some were digitally mixed, but theirs was the first one _recorded_ digitally in the studio. It had the full DDD code on the case, and consequently it sounded remarkable! Also, even regular music CD's pits are smaller than visible light. That's why you see a rainbow pattern when you shine a light on one. The different frequencies of light are being reflected back at different angles, causing it to act like a prism.

I'm kinda shocked that Blu Rays didn't become mainstays for all kinds of media. Instead, it was mostly used for consumer movies and tv show copies. Imagine if they put extreme lossless audio on Blu Rays.

The first HDTVs set people back five figures also. These devs are probably thinking, "Hold my beer."

This is the definition of dont reinvent the wheel, make a better wheel😂

I feel personally attacked by the intro. All the time. My car has a casette player.

You know, the real problem with a lot of the innovations to improve optical media is that they don't quite solve the problem in a way we actually kinda needed, which at the same time would probably be favorable for the manufacturers and recording companies too. A few of those problems is to do with material cost, packaging for shipment and store space, waste and recycling, and read and write speeds/responsiveness without changing consumer hardware all that much. One of the solutions they passed up (all with the exception of one format in particular, which was AlphaDisc) was actually multi-level recording, which basically just used existing optical systems, but updated them to make data pits in the disc at variable levels rather than one. Paired this in tandem with using 8 cm. discs instead of the typical 12 cm. ones you could basically bring up read/write speeds, bring down manufacturing and material costs on the discs themselves and the packaging for them, and because they're smaller the store space and bulk shipping allows greater volume of units in the same amount of space as the usual 12 cm. discs. Plus recycling and waste material is lessened in terms of impact since you need less to make smaller discs and packaging for them and you could even extend this to end user drives and systems to make them more compact. This was something I had for a while been surprised none of them picked up on, especially after they got to UltraHD Blurays that are basically quad-layer discs with pwm pitch recording, since then they could hold more content at smaller sizes and all they'd have to do is drop the larger sizes for lower capacity BDs (25-50 gig discs) and keep 12 cm. for the ones maximizing on space. Even HD-DVD had a multi-format spec that allowed multiple layers of the discs to be either DVD, HD-DVD, CD, or even BD to hold the same content all while making the disc universally compatible in a way, even if it costs slightly more to make since it cuts down on having to sell separate formats of the same content in different packaging altogether. I guess that's kind of a sad thing though when they went in for digital with Apple and Microsoft pushing this at the forefront, as neither solution truly materialized and we ended up with increased landfill waste (for anything not recycled that is) and dying mediums that cost manufacturers quite a bit till a lot of them quit, leaving only a few in the world now (especially with Blurays as Sony is one of the few sole manufacturers for them to note, apparently.)

I began buying CDs again, just a year ago. I certainly hope CDs come back.

My father was a sound engineer for a famous musician in the 70's-80's. While touring Japan, he bought a Sony CDP-101 (which I now have) and as many CDs as he could get his hands on because the digital crispness of the audio was without comparison at the time.

"Optical disks are known for their longevity and durability" I dunno about this one, boss. I've killed many a CD. I couldn't imagine what a scratch would do to one this precise.

The "nano CD", a dime-sized CD developed by MIT in 2000 utilizing silicon needle boasting a 500 GB capacity would have a better shelf life and mean time between failure than any contemporary multilayer optical solution.

I love CDs, they last an eternity and are a perfect audio format. I really hope they'll make a come back, just as vinyl records did.

This would be useful for storing data on streaming services that would keep movies or shows around for awhile on their platform. One thing I didn't hear about was the speed at which the data can be accessed. Although it's 200tb of data, realistically, how much of the data can be accessed at once? For this to be useful on the cloud, it would need to enable multiple users to access the data simultaneously.

This is what I subscribed for, technology/internet history! The first Iphone story was so breathtaking.

Longevity: Just because it's a compact disc is not enough to call it reliable. The data retention medium sounds different, so this will take additional research. Adoption: Tape backup is not a consumer oriented product, and I doubt this would be either. Yes people are used to cloud and streaming, but that's a red herring. It's irrelevant. Those cloud storage and streaming services _would_ use it, and they're in a position to exploit it to its full potential. This could also drive down costs of archival in areas where the timelines to keep data are extreme. Having a small magazine of discs, duplicated across several sites around the world in small containers, is well worth the price of entry. If they prove durable, the cost savings from not needing to keep storage areas' atmospheres as tightly controlled could be massive.

CDs are not obsolete. Anyone with high end audio equipment needs them to rip HQ files- unless they prefer using tidal or high quality files are available for download. If one has high end visual equipment to go with that audio equipment- streaming can't compete with a 4k disc or even some blurays at time of writing this.

I'm still amazed 1x CDR burners work, especially with that wobble.

I need it to back up my 50tB prn!

If they can scale this to full use, I'd say that there is a market for it. With all the privacy concerns around cloud storage, there is a very real market for this kind of, local, physical storage.

At 11:50 ... Kilowatts is NOT the right unit for energy consumption. Kilowatts is Power, aka Energy PER unit of time. The units you need for Energy is Joules. IF we had actual figures for how many kW are going into the lasers AND we had the actual writing speed in MB/second, THEN we could produce actual numbers for Energy Per Disk. But we do have "200 TB in 6 minutes" which is 555 GB per second. That does not track. Something is utterly *fubar* in the figures we have been given. We really need the RAW figures for everything, because science REPORTERS cannot be trusted to use the proper units, nor do unit conversions properly. Anyway... Considering how much data we are talking about, it could be perfectly acceptable to use significant energy. A MUCH bigger problem seems to be the COST.

That optical data carriers have been largely replaced is also due to the prices for reading and writing devices. Their prices have remained largely stable over the years. So it is of course no wonder that hardly anyone buys such a device anymore. Yet, this medium would still be useful and practical for the distribution of software (primarily games) and high-resolution films/series.

I could see a less-dense (fewer layers) version, and perhaps some other ways to reduce cost, making this useful for en masse HD video and modern video game media.

I would use it in a heart beat if it was as convenient as CD's were. There is sooo much data that I would rather preserve if I had the option, and I think we would be surprised at how many people would switch from storing online to on a disc if they were that big.

Hope this would be available soon. Having an option to archive data locally has huge benefits and it is great for privacy as well. Big corporation wants us to store our data in the cloud for commercial reasons, including subscription charges, using our data for AI training, etc.

For this to work, the disc would have to be kept in a protective container that loads the disc into a player without damaging it in the slightest bit. Sort of like the old RCA CED video disc where you would put the entire disc holder into the player and the player removed the disc so it could be played. One microscopic scratch and the disc would be ruined.

Optical disks or BluRay disks are already being used in datacenter archival storage solutions as they're more space efficient and easier to read data from than the often used LTO magnetic tapes, so this would be huge!

So which one is it? 1.6 petabit or 1.6 petabyte?

This video created a lot of confusion. There is a big difference between stamped discs for mass manufactured consumer media and writable discs like this. I have worked at a Bluray production company and it gets really expensive stamping multiple layers, because you need to manufacture a stamper for every layer and the machines that can stamp multi layer discs are really big and complicated. This 100 layer disk is only for writing, no stamping and you wouldn't want to write mass market products to disks, no matter the layer amount, because that is way to slow. I'm sorry, but this is not going to be the next big optical disc format.

And have one scratch on the disc there goes a bucket load of data. The one big problem with CD / DVD / Blu Ray discs just like vinyl records before them, was when they got scratched you would have all sorts of issues.

LOVELY! This reminds Me of an FMD (Flourescent Multilayer Disc) prototype back in 1999 - 2000 (Remember THAT?), but is MORE sophisticated and capable than that original back then. We want to see this new disc format become OFFICIAL and be released to the market soon. I see this as the ULTIMATE storage medium for DPT (Dynamic Pixel Tuning) movie content. Porotech's going to LOVE THIS! Whoever you are that made THIS, Get on with it PLEASE

I'm a movie collector with more than 3K movies and series, and I'd love to get a way to backup my collection, so they're secure long term. But it seems there's no 100% secure way of doing it, I'll risk malfunction and dead files over time.

Petabytes and Petabits are very different things, 7:10 makes it sound equivalent. 8 bits = 1 byte, so 1.6 petabytes is 8 times larger than 1.6 petabits. Also, I’m pretty sure that old british lady is not a good person

Depends upon how long the disks remain useable. Sounds great for archiving.

This would be lovely for data centre applications Dagogo, thanks for this retro-futuristic one.

I remember reading about breakthrough in 3D layer discs and other revolutionary storage techniques for 2 decades now, none has hit the market.

13:31 "ULTIMATELY, REALISTICALLY, IN THE GRAND SCHEME OF THINGS" LMAO BROTHER JUST PICK ONE TRANSITION WORD XD

I'd like to know how it will handle things like Disc Rot and how the new material won't break down over time like the traditional optical discs.

1.6 petabits is not >200,000 DVDs. Rounded to nearest thousand, it is 23,000 for dual-layer and 43,000 for single-layer. DVD capacity is measured in bytes, so you need to multiply by 8 for the bit storage.

We've been using optical based media for cold/archive storage in data centers for about a decade now. The problem hasn't really been the storage density, but how fast you can read/write to something with that high density, as mentioned at the end. We already do many terabytes per cartridge. You have different types of storage for different types of access patterns.

Finally, a single place I can store all my meme's on

I read about this kinda multilayered optical disc technology like 20 years ago, and was excited for it "Wow I'll be able to store 10000 songs on a disc" etc.

Respectfully, I can't see this taking off. For those unaware, 20 years ago a similar idea was conceived with the Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) which could hold 4TB versus the 50GB Blu-rays at the time. It never took off for the exact same reasons that plague this new CD technology but now this has to contend with streaming.

Read/write speeds will always be the limiting factor. Better to focus research money on improving solid state memory.

CDs have a problem with data corruption. I heard from 2 differrent Radio stations, that their old CDs from the 80s do not work anymore. They were backing up their catalogoues on harddrives when they noticed this. They have, therefore, started prioritizing the backup of CDs above the backup of their analog media. I wonder if this is an issue with newer CDs.

you could use these as backup's for cloud storage, as cloud strage can be damaged or destroyed by mass ejects events from the sun, a physical media backup could be used to restore the lost data.

I was a DJ for 15 years and still play around and I'm gonna straight up say that I still burn my tracks on CD'S because the music quality is second to none. The more u compress music the high volume quality dramatically decreases and sometimes all volume levels the quality blows. Thanks for the extremely informative video Da Goggo. You're one person who makes videos that we can actually trust the information you're saying. You really do your research and if u don't know it u don't spread it. Thanks brother

Heck, I still use my DVD-Rs and don't intend to get rid of em. I don't trust cloud storage worth a damn. I'd love to see this new physical format take off.

Hmmm cds are back. Maybe physical media will have a resurgence.

In order for any optical medium to get traction it needs to compete with HDDs, when the first CD became available, providing 650MB of storage, the average HDD in a PC was a Quantum Fireball with 800MB and made the cd very attractive. When BR launched with 100GB never-seen 4 layer disks, but realistic single layer 25GB capacity, HDDs had already surpassed 1TB.

Those limitations can be somewhat mitigated if offer those disks as cloud storage

Fun fact: According to Joop Sinjou, Phillips' head of development of audio products at the time, the hole in the middle of the CD (and it's successors) was based on the Dutch Guilder "Dubbeltje", which was 10 (Dutch guilder) cents a the time and was the quickest decision that was made in the development process. Some people also claim that the overall size of the disc was determined by the (then) size of a Heineken coaster, although I can't find a proper source to either confirm or dismiss this claim.

"When was the last time you used a CD or went to a physical music store?" A month or two ago. Ton of music isnt on Bandcamp and Amazon likes to compress the music to hell. I end up buying the CD and then ripping it myself as a FLAC to use it for my car radio and PC.

For data storage and archiving for companies I would consider it. War, Terror and Cybercrime are serious issues that could be addressed with such a format. Optical storage is somewhat resistant to EMP weapons in War and Terror attacks. Optical storage off line backups could help recover from Cybercrimes.

Data writing on a CD/DVD is a singular process. Once written the RW finalizes the data write and the disc is 'sealed'. New method of writing will have to be implemented or even if it is 200Gb it will still be only write once.

This kind of technology would make for great use on video game consoles. Edit: Of course once the price of cost comes down significantly.