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Components of Food Full Chapter Class 6 Science Chapter 2 | Learnfatafat
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Food provides us some essential materials which are needed for growth and maintenance of our body. These are called the nutrients. Various nutrients required for our body includes, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals,dietary fibres and water.
Carbohydrates: These are energy giving substances such as sugars and starch.
Fats: These can produce higher amount of energy than carbohydrates. Basically, these are of two kinds. Animal fats and vegetable oils.
Proteins: Our body needs protein for growth and repair. There are many chemical substances in our body such as enzymes, hormones etc. These are needed for carrying out various body processes.
Vitamins: These are needed for the protection of our body from diseases. They also perform different function in our body. E.g. vitamin A is important for maintaining healthy eye, skin, vitamin C helps to protect the body from diseases. Our body produce vitamin D with the help of sunlight. This vitamin helps the body to obtain calcium and similar minerals from the food.
Minerals: These are required in small quantity but are very important for proper growth and maintenance of body. It helps in various body processes such as digestion, functioning of nervous system etc.
Dietary Fibres: These are also called roughage. It is not nutrient giving food but instead it helps in removal of waste material from the body.
Water: Water is necessary for obtaining nutrients from food. It is essential for maintaining temperature of our body.
The food which have all these nutrients in required quantity is called balanced diet.
Normally proteins are present in food such as milk, cheese, wheat, soybean, almond, egg, meat, fish etc.
Normally you will see that food such as groundnut, cheese, butter, chocolates, coconut, sunflower seeds, almond etc. contain fats in it.
We need energy for various external as well as internal activities. We also need other nutrients for growth and maintenance of the body. All these are obtained from food. For a healthy body, it is necessary to have food containing all the essential nutrients e.g. carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibres and water in right quantity. Such food is called balanced diet.
Nutritional need is different for each person, therefore balanced diet is also different for different person. Say for an example, a construction worker obviously do more physical work than a lawyer. Therefore he need more energy than the lawyer. Therefore the balanced diet for him should contain greater amount of energy giving substances such as carbohydrate and fats.
Even the definition of balanced diet changes with our age. It is because with age there are changes in our body as well as our activities. The diet must be supportive to these changes. And so one must consume appropriate diet i.e. balanced diet required at that age.
Junk food often contain large amount of fats but no or very little amount of other nutrients. In unhygienic conditions it may also contain disease causing agents.
Improper nutrition results in malnutrition. If a particular nutrient is very less or not available for longer time then it lead to undernutrition or undernourishment. Likewise getting too much of nutrient causes overnourishment or also called overnutrition. Both undernutrition and overnutrition are malnutrition. It causes abnormal development of body parts, stunted growth and similar problems.
The lack of the nutrient in the diet over longer period causes diseases or disorders in our body, called as deficiency diseases or also called nutritional deficiencies.
Protein and Carbohydrate Deficiency: Deficiency of proteins lead to stunted growth, face swelling, discoloration of the hair, different skin diseases and also lead to diarrhoea. If the diet is deficient in proteins as well as carbohydrates over a long time then there is a threat of stopping the growth completely. The person in such case is lean and thin. He becomes so weak that it is even difficult for him to move.
Mineral Deficiency: Calcium is essential for strong teeth and bones. It is also important for muscle movement and nervous system. Deficiency of calcium causes muscular cramps, abnormal heart beat etc. iron is necessary for making a protein called haemoglobin, in red blood cells.
Vitamin deficiency: Vitamin A deficiency causes poor vision, it may cause night blindness or even complete blindness. Deficiency of vitamin D causes poor absorption of calcium and so bones becomes soft and weak.