As Circassian it makes me sad when people divide us in two languages, they are dialects not langauges.

Fun fact: There is a Region in Iran, called: ,,Fereydan,, Which is filled with ethnic Georgians living and Speaking the Georgian language. The reason the language got there is that during the reign of Shah Abass the great of the Safavid Dynasty, he forcibly displaced hundreds of thousands of people from the region of Hereti, Kakheti and Kartli to the region of Fereydan. Once They arrived, they were given a choice of either changing their religion and maintaining their language or maintaining their religion, but forgetting their language. They chose Islam, but maintained the Georgian Identity.

There are Circassian communities in Syria, Jordan, and other countries of Middle East. Many Mamluks in Mamluk Sultanate(Egypt) were Circassians too.

as you can see, zan broke up into two languages pretty recently. that's why megrelian and laz (the descendants of zan) are the only kartvelian languages that are mutually inteligible, both in written and spoken forms.

Everybody gangsta till Basque comes to the family reunion

Proud to be kartvelian 🇬🇪☦️❤️

The way Adyghe people just disappeared in two years off the map is so sad :(

Amazing stuff. Also, guess it's time to make a meme in comments: ""How many times do you need to split yourself into smaller branches?" Dagestani: "Yes.""

Was so sad to see Ubykh die, it had such a crazy phonology and grammar.

Loved this! Thanks!

Great work, but I noticed a mistake. From 1944 to 1956, there should be no Chechen or Ingush language in that area, as they were deported by Stalin in 1944 and were only rehabilitated 13 years later, in 1957, by Khrushchev.

Amazing work ! Well done

Master Costas share great video again 👍👍👍

Circassian language is my language and I love it❤️💂🏻‍♂️

What an amazing work 👏👏👏

You forgot Jek (Dzek) language. Speakers lives only in Jek village near Khinalug village on high points of Mountain. Derived from Lezgic.

As always, amazing video! But what about Kassites? They are thought to be Hurro Urartians.

Glory of the Kartvelian People.

Great video!

@Costas Melas great work thank you🙏🏻 but i expected two things -although i know it’s not easy at all to go more accurate through all historical events effects- first the 2008 georgio-russian war and how it affected Abkhaz and Ossetian languages to be more dominant in their respective areas, and second my country Jordan where the capital Amman was actually a Circassian speaking town for many decades around the 1900s and a little before with many other areas in jordan and syria, iraq and israel, you can check linguistic maps of dr. Izady in these countries and find the Circassian inhabited areas

Excellent work as always, Costa. Not sure about the persistence of Zan/Laz in the hinterland south -east of Trebizond to such a late date; I will explore this at some point (Fr Bryer may let me know!). Regards.

Circassians have nothing in common with Turkic ..No genome, No Culture no customs and no lifestyles and above all this no linguistic in common . Circassians have nothing in common with Turks.... the relation started in 1864 during the mass genocide that Russia committed aginst Circassians , russains killed over 2 millions of the Circassians and .. they forced 3 millions to leave Country home of Kingdome of Circassia to the Turkish empire. The Turks used them to protect train stations all the way from turkey ,syria , jordan .and iraq .....

how do you actually make these videos? what is your process?

What is your take on the language of Assyria prior to the Akkadian conquest? I've read different hypothesis in different locations. Some say an unknown eastern semitic language was spoken there (Subartian), others say that it was Hurrian, or both.

Nice! Can you do Anatolian languages next?

Its sad how few people know of the Circassian Genocide. I even heard it was what inspired the Armenian Genocide, and Russian leaders still deny it...

6:49 (1515) Circassian Egypt would be really cool

Proud to have circassian roots

There are several mistakes here. But I do not blame you as much of the history available to the English speaking world is lacking or not very well known. Firstly, The Kabarday Circassians did not live in what is modern day Kabarda until 1400s. There is documentation of them having lived west of the Kuban river prior to this, and that they first moved North to lands held by the Crimean Khanate, but moved back before invading what is modern day Kabarda in the 1430's under Prince Inal the Great's unified Circassia. The proper chronology is unknown before they conquered the lands, but after the Mongol Invasions and the Invasion of Tamerlane, the Kipchak Karachay-Balkars moved in to the region, which replaced the Alans that lived there previously. Before the Alans, it is said that it was Nakh peoples that inhabited the lands in the Ancient times, and not Circassians. Though this is not proven, one thing to note is that Ossetians, despite speaking an Iranic language, are genetically entirely Caucasian. So there may have been a third group living there that was unrelated to either the Circassians or Nakhs. Moreover the Kabarday lanaguage is often not considered its own language but a dialect. Lastly on this subject, the Abkhaz language used to only reach the river at which modern day Sukhumi is located, it was in the 1400's under Prince Inal (again) that they pushed over there and expaned to beyond the Kodori river. In 1860-80's the Abkhaz people were also deported from the region, leaving only two larger pockets. Where Svans then inhabited the Kodori valley until the Abkhaz War, and other places being inhabited by Russians, Greeks and prominently Armenians, which the Russian Empire settled into the region. But they left the highlands uninhabited (which are still uninhabited to this day). Secondly, It was the Nakh languages that existed between the Sulak and Terek rivers before the Kumyk, not Avar. This is also evident in the paternal DNA of Kumyks which shows a strong relationship with the Chechens. Additionally, the lands between today's Ingushetia and the Terek (known as "Prigorodny Rayon") was inhabited by Ingush people until the Caucasian Wars, which were then inhabited by Cossacks, only to again be inhabited by the Ingush again after the Russian Civil War. It was not before the deportation of the Vainakh in 1944 that Ossetians became the majority there (despite holding a very significant Ingush population to this day). I hope you read this and that you are able to correct this video based on this information!

could you please do History of the Kurdish language just by its self please, i appreciate your effort and you make great videos, i know you have done the iranic one before which had kurdish in it but a more in depth one would be great thanks. good videos btw keep it up

The way Adyghean people disappear from north caucasus in 7:21 is truly really sad...

Greetings from Turkey ( *Laz* ) ❤️

It's crazy how many ethnic groups once existed that we know so little about.

Fantastic work

what a mess in the mountains! I love it didn't knew the Hattic wasin the Caucasian Languages, nor did i know Caucasian Languages was spoken all the way down in Armenia before

Excelentes vídeos, pero, cuando hay demasiados idiomas, resultan confusos por la abundancia cromática.

Great video

so happy to see some information about the kartvelian languages

When will you made the video about Dravidian languages?

6:45 ah, that Circassian language has made a revival! I sure hope nothing happens to it!

Not gonna lie, I was half‐expecting for Albanian to show up. That would really have created a glorious comment section.

чеченцы и черкесы братья 🤝☝️

Where's the Chechen and Ingush language - are they under another name? And what about Ossetian and Armenian (know they're indo european languages but would be good to see for context)? Great video though, thanks.

Have you done any videos that show language family spreading, not individual languages? Like, a single color for Indo-European, another for Semitic, another for Khoi-San, etc.? Maybe one for Altaic? (I joke).

7:22 Bruh Moment

As a languages nerd who is learning the eastern variant of Circassian, called Kabardian, I'm very surprised to see that according to this video the split between western Circassian (Adyghe) and eastern Circassian (Kabardian) occurs at around 900BC. Native speakers have told me repeatedly that they see them as the same language and that they have a pretty high level of mutual intelligibility. I'm guessing like Spanish and Portuguese from what I've seen but don't quote me on that yet. And of course, Spanish and Portuguese split from each other way more recently than that, so I am surprised, even though I know languages evolve at different speeds.

Was there a Caucasian language spoken along the Nile river around 1433 or is it just my bad sight?

Наглядно показывает, что из-за стран в которые входят Кавказ и их политики ассимиляции, исконных народов Кавказа становится всё меньше.

Great! 👍

very sad what happened to the Adyghe Circassians

very impressive .....thank you

Is there any information that most of the Republic of Azerbaijan also speaks Julian-Uraltu at the earliest?

The 1864 Genocide really did change the demographics of the land

I'm Chechen and I completely disagree with your video. First of all "Vainakh" is a term that was used first in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, and second it was part of the Soviet Union's policy of creating a new nation through a policy of "Korenizatsiya". Before that period in history and other literature there were no terms with the words Vainakh and Nakh, but the endoethnonym of the Chechen people "Nakhchi" was often used. Even if we take a Chechenophobe historian like Laudayev, who lived in the 19th century, he writes in his book: "The Ingush and Shatoy people call themselves Nakhchi when they meet and say: «‎We are one, we are Nakhchi.»" At the time when historical literature was being formed scholars such as Bashir Dalgat wanted to call this group of peoples "Ingush" and "Chechens" with Chechen endoethnonym "Nakhchi", but the Soviet nomenclature called them "Vainakhs", which was taken from nothing by historian Zaurbek Malsagov. This word as an ethnonym for Chechens and Ingush is a policy of destruction of the Chechen people and its unity, because with this term such societies/teips as Melkhi, Akki, Orstho and others would be separated from other Chechen teips.

Great Video

good job. good luck 👍👍👍

why was armenia/armenian and the northern caucases completely ignored as of 4:30?

Very difficult languages. Real cultural treasures. :)

Good job.

there are a lot of mistakes with vainakh-chechen. the gradual settlement of Chechens on the northern plains is not shown. also, the eviction of Chechens after the Second World War is not displayed. also you use modern borders of Chechen republic to display the chechen language area, which is not correct due to russian ethnic magority in some places. also you have not shown the dominsnce of chircasian language between all of northern caucassians before russian colonisation of northern steppe plains.

This is beautiful

btw how come whole eastern georgia was urartian speaking. urartu never captured territories what is now eastern georgia and actually recent archeological discoveries proved that proto-georgian states existed there.

I have question about kaskian and Zan languages shown in the video Are you sure Kaskian was spoken in Laz East pontian region Im yet to see a evidence for that also about the zan expansion in the video what is your source for that everbody somehat claims that zan languages used to be go deeper in pontus region but nobody has a definitive proof for that lastly what language group do you think kaskian belongs to ?

Amazing!

Werent Georgians removed from Abkhazia in the 90s?

Before the Indo-European expansion probably also the southern shore of the Caspian sea spoke "Caucasian". As usual, much guesswork involved. We know too little.

Great video but how about the georgian mamluk dynasties in Egypt and Iraq?Its a proven fact that they retained their language

You have put some hard work and dedication there but in what way was "Kaskian" spoken this wide?? it has never been spoken on the Trabzon and Georgian territories. maybe put them west to Samsun... most Kaskian lands shown in video were Proto-Kartvelian/Zan. also majority of Abkhazia territory was first Zan/Svan speaking before Abaza shows up in Western abkhazia. even Georgian speakers were there before the Abkhazians (Moschi mentioned by Greek historians) and Heniochi who were Zan/Colchian.

Wow, really impressive 😮 But what with Mannaeans?

Hurro-Urartian wasn't a caucasian language group ಠ_ಠ And also, adyghes didn't lived in Kabarda before 15th century. Firstly it was populated with Nakhs but soon Sarmatians and then alans started to live there.

I found texts from three branches of Caucasian languages Northeastern caucasian language (Avar) text: Dob zamanayalda t1olabqo duniyalalda buk1ana tsoqo mats1, tsoqo luğat Northwestern caucasian language (Adyghe) text: A l'eh'anym ch1yqum izefedek1e zy bzere zy quschy1ak1ere tetyq'er South Caucasian language (georgian) text: Erti ena hkondat da ertnairad met'qvelebdnen mtel dedamits'aze

Great job video. #Rosalina

And then, all of a sudden... *GENOCIDE*

Good job, like from Azerbaijan

It is interesting. 👍

Please do Chadic languages

I checked PCA charts and genetic related percentages charts. These guys like their modern descendants hold Neolithic European Anatolian farmer ancestry. Which makes sense. The Neolithic period had the farmer migeations across the European continent. These guys are Anatolian farmer descent. Before the Indo-European populations arrive.

Жарайсың

do the caucasian avars have anything to do with the medieval pannonian avars?

what's known about the kaskian language?

İ am caucasian, Lezgin🦅

Why didn't you separate Chechen and Ingush languages? They are different languages.

These all (in the beginning) are not Caucasian languages. Only half are. Hurro-Urartian is even a separate family

proud to be Armenian(Urartian)

God, I wish the resurrection of the West Circassians , now most in turkey and the middle east

Sorry, you made a mistake. Kabarda arose as a result of the migration of Adygs (Circassians) to the east in the 15th century. After the defeat of Alania (the Nakh state), these lands were devastated. Nakh tribes lived there. The Urarts and Hurrians are related to the Nakhs.

What exactly is the logic behind not including Indo-European and Turkic languages spoken in the Caucasus but then including Hurro-Urartian, Kaskian and Hattic at the beginning? The latter of which doesn't even have any distribution in the Caucasus so how is it a Caucasian language?

Can you do mitraism religion please

Basque language: hey cousins, do you remember me? :(

Dear author, good work, but you need to know that, for example, the Laks, and I am a Lak by nationality, are direct descendants of Ancient Sumer and Akkad, and we lived in Mesopotamia until we were displaced from this territory by the Assyrian Empire 800 - 900 BC, along with other related peoples of the Avar and Dargin language groups. So we gradually got to the modern territory of Dagestan. Created as a result of almost 90 years of work, the so - called Chicago-Assyrian Dictionary proves what I wrote. I understand literally everything about Akkadian words in this dictionary! The Laks are the direct descendants of the Akkadians! I am a Lak myself, and in the Chicago-Assyrian dictionary, conventionally called by linguists : there are a lot of Akkadian words identical to Lak: roots, prefixes, suffixes and endings! And whole sentences! This is one language ! Moreover, many Akkadian-Sumerian words are not translated or misinterpreted there, but I, as a native speaker of this language, easily understand these words

amazing

Oh how strange, there had never been Turkish !

well, well.. it's a well known fact that Kabardian (east Circassian) came to existence in about the 14th century, after the Circassian expansion under Inal the Great. It's a result of migration from the west while you show the territory as Circassian from the very beginning. Before them the land was Alan, who were not indigenous. Before the Alan god knows who owned the land, most probably the Malkh relatives of the Ingush-Chechens. Sad thing is that there is not much content about the matter on youtube and what's there is amauter stuff

Who you are Costas Melas? What's your job? You are my Idol!

what languages were spoken in western Anatolia?

What about chechen language? Is it caucasic?

There are many Urartian words in the Georgian language.

Which language was Azeri-Pahlavi?(real and old language of Azeris/an Iranian lanuage).

The link between Caucasus languages and Hurro-Urartian languages has not been proven, it’s a current hypothesis.

What the heck was going on in Egypt in the 1400s?