Thanks for posting this fascinating lecture! Wonderful overview of the history of early indo-european migrations.

Brilliant talk! Thanks for the upload!

Breathtakingly interesting. Many thanks for the entire channel.

Bravo to David Anthony. He gave a very cogent presentation based on the best, most up-to-date (at the time of the talk, 2012) had evidence with which to back up what he presented as being the most likely scenarios. Also, I thought he was a good speaker, he didn't hem & haw about certain ideas but at the same time wasn't terribly critical of people like Colin Renfrew who, not knowing much, if anything, about linguistics (Renfrew, like Anthony, is an archaeologist, though the former based his, pretty much discredited idea of a PIE homeland being in Anatolia, whereas Anthony, also an archaeologist, did not ignore or "put on the back burner", so to speak, linguistic evidence pointing to a more probable PIE homeland north of the Black Sea, in the Steppes of Northern Asia, I suppose that would be (maybe?) a bit east of the Caucasus. I confess I have not read his book The Horse, The Wheel & Language, though I would very much like to; especially since seeing both this talk as well as the one he gave the next day at this symposium on prehistoric transportation systems/networks, etc. from the same time frame (since the wheel was seemingly invented no earlier than 4000 BCE and probably no later than 3500 BCE), re: wagons, chariots ("built for speed", as Anthony put it, which I found to be an apt way of putting it). Also, another like-minded and a gregarious, intelligent man with a good sense of humor, J.P. Mallory gave a couple talks at this particular symposium, there at the Univ. of Copenhagen, back in 2012. His two talks on the Tocharian split from PIE was well done, even with the knowledge that much of the Tocharian history, historiography, etc. is still somewhat controversial, but, I imagine by now, maybe less so. Anyway, I'm glad I came across these talks. I've looked through You Tube to see if there are other talks elsewhere by David Anthony, but alas, I couldn't find any, myself, which doesn't mean they aren't out there somewhere.

I agree with the stepp homeland. I think occidentals where descendants of neolithic peoples who migrated out of Africa during a prior inter-glacial period, to in between and to the north of what are now the Black and Caspian Seas. Millennia later when the black sea flooded around 5600bce it took less than 100yrs to fill up to it's current level, the inhabitants had to relocate, and migrated east, west, north and south. Those who went south, to Anatolia, became isolated from the rest due to geography and those who went west, brought farming to Europe, and those who went north reconnected with their prime ancestors (I guess). Those who went east or north (maybe both) eventually headed south into the sub-continent to write the first Aryan documents (the Vedas). Just my opinion based on watching many doccos and lectures on the subject.

Fascinating, as always. I wish the sound recording were a little sharper. Questions/suggestions of lines of research for professor Anthony: 1-Have you tried to correlate archaeology and linguistic studies of Georgia/Caucasian languages and tribes with the theories for the PIE Homeland? The Caucasus is next door to Anatolia, Iran, the steppes where IE arose, so it seems only logical. Besides, would it not be helpful to look at the forest, and not solely the trees? 2-Have you computed into the equation the latest archaeogenetics studies on modern european peoples and their points of origin? It does not seem to have been considered in this approach or professor Mallory's?? 3-Do we have dates for the arrival of Finns in Finland? They were a Finno-Uralic people and this data would be helpful in denying or reinforcing the dates you mention for homeland and subsequent migrations...

I was listening to this across the room. I didn't know what phylogenies was, so i looked up "philogyny", and I wondered what this had to do with the Indo-Europeans.

Who was the individual contesting Ringe's phylogeny at around 1:00:00 mark?

who/what would be some good authors/books to read to learn about the origins of the indo european people and the make up of the neolithic world? If the descriptions for these seminar videos could give a few pointers for ways to explore the topic more it would be very useful.

The ruins of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey are the oldest archaeological finds in the world. The structure, which may have been a sanctuary or a temple, is about 10,000 years old.

i was fascinated, when i first visited the Istanbul archaelogy museum, at the beauty of the artifacts men had made. just, i want to make proper tribute to those who shaped our today and express my gratitude because even every sinle nail, that was produced by the ancient men, has made it possible our civilization we have today. the german corded people were allmost all r1a of the western type, yamnaya people were all r1b (m269) and andronovo people were z93 of r1a. these people are unrelated with each other. would it mean i am half japanese half german because i use a fujitsu siemens computer and i am a basically white man with some exotic eyes. the truth shines through actually we cannot talk about indoeuropean without megalithic component. and yamna people are megalithic. it is fascinating.

Wheel from Ljubljana's (Slovenia) marsh is 7000 years old! And Slavis languages have much more pararell to Sanskrit (special Rig Veda Sanskrit) than Germanic or Romanic languages!!!!

Record the audio directly from the Podium.

Unintelligible sound and terrible camera work. What a shame. The University can't afford a class A system?

'Good lecture. He seemed puzzled as to why domestic animals were in grave sites. It's obvious. These people rarely killed their domestic animals because they provided milk, cheese, and blood (protein; bread for the carbohydrate). So they lived off the interest of the animals and never delved into their principal wealth (their meat). Wild animals were killed because you couldn't milk/parasite off of them. If someone had died and was going on an otherworldly journey, you'd want domestic animals to go with them to provide continuous food for the journey. I wonder what the sex of those animals were. Females for the milk and males for the blood? Did they keep many domestic male livestock? What's the ratio of females to males in the livestock at the grave sites?

Very interesting & fascinating lecture. Glad to hear someone clear up the mess that Renfrew stirred up...or rather the now-discredited Renfrew. Stupid old, ossified man!

Version with improved audio here: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/eqedZsyZypiUkX0.html&t

Serious stuff, yet you 46:45 simply don't get any Slavs until around 600 AD. Balto-Iranian mayhaps?

Why not Anatolian via the Caucasus from the steppe homeland? That's the question I would have asked.

There has been a welcome change in the past twenty years or so, and a lot of progress has been made in challenging Eurocentric paradigms in various fields in the social sciences. Much of the progress has been made in bits and pieces, and there are no cogent multi-cultural frameworks and perspectives yet in most fields. This progress has largely been achieved due to the fact that people from different countries from around the world have taken up positions in eminent and prestigious American and European universities, and have raised objections and concerns on important issues. Thus, we can see a multicultural perspective emerging on different issues (big change even from the year 2000, when many obsolete paradigms of consequence to different cultures remained unchallenged) However, solving a complex puzzle such as that of Indo-European origins is a different ballgame altogether, and requires not only an inter-disciplinary approach, but also a multi-cultural one. What experiential knowledge would an Indian national have of Iceland, Albania, or Kazakhastan? This is easier said than done and requires persistence and dedication. Such endeavours may take decades and will call for proficiency in many different languages, knowledge of different cultures and a thorough grasp on different regional histories as well. I still see this as a distant pipedream, as few researchers have even thought on these lines, as yet. However, raising awareness may expedite things a bit. It is now time to kick start that process!

i need this for a project xD

Sound is shocking.

Like what you present, but the audio track is dreadful!

Very thought provoking. Instead of an image of steppe warriors coming in and slaughtering everyone, maybe Europe and other places were dominated by local tyrants, and these people with carts and other transport turn up, offering the local peasants new transportation and helping them overthrow local tyrannies. Since new transportation / trade links are now possible, and every community would have had its own local language, the best thing to do would be to go with the language of the carters for trading communications.

"...and all the tells disappeared." This all substantiates Gimbutas' interpretation of the archaeology to show an Aryan overrunning of "Old European" civilizations.

David Anthony resolutely disputes the idea that there ever was a genetic “master race” who spoke Proto-Indo-European. He does this in the first chapter of “The Horse, the Wheel, and Language,” and then supports his idea with extensive data throughout the rest of the book. One’s language is not determined by your genetics. I use myself as an example: Ancestry DNA shows I am Scandinavian, British Celtic, and German. (Which matches my genealogy records perfectly.). But I don’t speak any of the Scandinavian languages, nor Gaelic or Welsh, nor German. My first language is English, but I have no Anglo-Saxon DNA, (or less than 2% at most). My second language is French, b/c I lived in Paris when I was 4 & 5 years old. My third language was Dutch, b/c I lived in the Netherlands when I was 7 & 8, and attended local Dutch schools. My fourth language is Spanish, b/c I studied it for 3 years in high school, and have used it in my work.

In olden times people from Sardis to central India had one ancestory that their king was Sargon the Akkad Sardis represents initial half and Gond the remaining half

That individual also said Bouckaert's phylogeny is not so bad? Looking at the Indo-Iranian side it is a total mess Romani, and the entire East Indo Aryan branch dosen't make any sesnse... The other flaws Anthony mentions also seem solid. I wouldn't chuck out Ringe for this Bouckaert nonsense, speaking in terms of linguistics anyway it is tosh...

Haha he shut that one idiot down hard on the satem centum issue in his preferred phylogeny.

He calls Iranic languages "Iranian" and Indo-Aryan languages "Indic". Pathetic.

Kurgans belong to Ural-Altay cultural zone. So he talks talks but he does not speak or probably know the real source of the culture zone .

Indians know they are Aryans as written in scriptures. But Europeans are confused and trying to know where they come from, making flawed hypothesis to become Aryans themselves, but they are not mentioned in the scriptures of India anywhere. Look at what happened in WW2.

There is no such thing an a PIE homeland

We know from the Bible's account that King Nimrod is the Ancestor, and he became known as Lord Shiva when IndoEuropean folks migrated to India after the destruction of Babel, according to gtasoul.

example to show the misleading of this theory ! : Most interestingly, Old Saxon and Germanic in general can be shown to have a large percentage of non-indo-european substrate words (such as “Sheep”,”eel”,”roe”,”boar”,”lentil”,”land”,”delve” and ”prick”) derived from a long-lost prehistoric Northern Europen language .Acourding to historian Victor H.Mair

It is stupid to thing, that Slavic people wasn't part of early IE Europe! Not so long ago Slavic nations spread to much larger area that today and due to germanic agresion nature they was assimilated or pushed to east!

Languages don’t spread like viruses. Also, the language a person speaks is related to the material culture they live in, not their genetic ancestry. My take on this is that we need to think “Indo-European culture and language” NOT “Indo-European people.”

Indo - Europeans originated in India and from India they migrated to BMAC region, pls note that Indus Valley Seal is found from Gonur, that means migration was from India and no MBAC motif is found in India that means there was no migration ever from MBAC to India, Thanks for understanding right things rightly.

terrible visuals and poor acoustics

The lecturer sort of skips Proto Celtic, and its influence and age in the Ancient world. Parts of Britain and Northern France were never frozen and Britain probably fully defrosted Millennia before the continent due to the Gulf Stream. Cheddar Man 10,000 yrs old and directly related to people living in the area today, who are part of the 75% modern Western Gaelic Celt, who make up the population of Britain. Meaning there has been literally little drastic change in DNA since the end of the Ice. The 15% Germanic 10% Nordic families came in during the late first and second centuries. We know that advanced culture was well underway for Cheddar Man, as Stonehenge a 'public Works' was built around this time. Stonehenge tells us they were using Astronomy, Mathematics,Unified Measurements. Where Britons Farming? The Moon Cycle fascination of the builders suggests they were. David Anthony makes out Cattle have an important role in the spread of Language and Culture. He mentions Lactose Tolerance which is a 100% Western Celtic Gene which implies our Cheddar Man was drinking Milk 10,000 yrs ago! The mystery of where Cattle where first Domesticated is presently thought to have occurred Northern Iran/South Central Europe. DNA studies on the oldest bones found (Iran) show all Domestic Cattle modern and ancient come from a single herd of about 80 beasts. These cattle were scaled down versions of the Wild Auroch (Island Breed?) New literature maintains this domestication event occurred 8-10,000 yrs ago around N Iran. How can they dismiss Britain for the Domestication when it is Britain's old cattle breeds that contain the most Auroch sequencing and the Western Celts being only people who have the dairy gene at the time? The re population of Central and Northern Europe after the Ice from Britain is a much more logical and feasible scenario than the convoluted tale this lecture promotes. Sketchy knowledge of the Druids (Thanks to Rome) hampers our story, but we do know Britain was the hub of knowledge and Religion for both branches of the Celtic family as the Stonehenge Archer shows. (Austrian Eastern Celt visitor to Britain 5000 yrs old) , Sussex Flint during the Neolithic was exported all over Europe, ( True Flint is a rare commodity only found in Chalk Beds, check a geology map to see where the Chalk is.And note it varies greatly in quality, The variety from Sussex was the most prized tool in the stone age!) Welsh and Irish gold in Egyptian tombs, Proto Celtic affiliated with proto Hebrew, Etruscan and Phoenician . On the subject of Tin and the Bronze age, there would be no bronze age without British Tin, it is everywhere in the Ancient World and British metals found in the earliest Bronze age artefacts, yet Britain some how wasn't yet in the age according to researchers?. Britain supposedly had no roads when Rome landed, but had the finest chariot's and horses they had ever come across, see the paradox here? In conclusion I think the Proto Celtic speaking community had more influence and Input into Europe and Central Asia than the researchers and historians would like to admit, I feel as though they are trying to fit everything in with a Biblical Narrative. When common sense and logic point to civilisation spreading West to East across Europe especially when you look into some of the early Greek and Roman writers about Britain (disregarding the blatant anti British propaganda that abounds). If the early writers are to be believed Britain seems to be the most socially advanced and egalitarian civilisation of any age. The hatred of Rome towards the Druidic culture, shows the fear Rome held about the influence the Druids had over cultures in the North and Central Europe. An Influence gained how? Not through subjugation or nefarious means but through trust, social interaction and age old bonds of kinship. Trying to make sense of Europe without the influence of the Western Celts makes No Sense at all. Western Celts= British, Irish,French and Iberian Gaelic speakers. ( I didn't forget you!) who survived the Ice Age on the Atlantic Shores.

"Surprisingly, the authors still refer to works of Anthony, Mallory and Piggot, according to which "domestication of horse is associated with the spread of Indo-European languages and culture". Modern archaeology (beginning with Renfrew) has demolished this theory. Moreover, overwhelming linguistic evidence, among which most important is the spread of exclusively Turkic loanword related to horse terminology in all languages of Eastern Europe, both Indo-European and Uralic, shows that horse domestication is a fundamental Turkic innovation. It is no accident that the Botai culture is a khazak culture, belonging to the Turkic-speaking area, and not to the IE-, or Uralic-speaking one! Myths and dogmas are hard to die!" (comment by M. Alinei: www.continuitas.org/news.html)

Indian-Europe theory is totally a miss leading ! : Tablet words represent the non-Indi-Iranian languages spoken in Iran and in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent at the time these texts were composed, that is , late in the second and early in the first millennium Iran , as such there are invaluable materials for the study of languages preceding the introduction of Indo-Aryan and Old Iranian (Old Persian, Avestan). More important, both types of hieratic texts share a common substratum that can only be that of the southern part of Western Central Asia. It can not come from else where both Verdic and Old Iranian individually imported it into their particular habitats, the Grater Panjab and Iran/Afganistan. According to Historian Victor H.Mair

Lot,s of talk for nothing !! -GET the bloody map out and you can see 1000,s of Karpathian geographical names all over the world -!! Few examples Samos,Karpathos, Kos (Gr) Uru-Solyma , Schytopolis, Arad,Arpad ,Bab-ilo ,Bab-el(Canaan) Bihar(India) Bator(Mongol) Tokai (Japan-Italy ) Sala-saca (Equador) Birka (Sveden) etc..all MAGYAR (Schytian) names ..Rivers- Arpa(Armenia) Zab (Turkey)-Same people was around and speaking same language in HUNGARY today -BUDA ?-Pest

there is no such thing as indo european , , there is yes the jambugal bell beaker people the ones that gave the legacy to the atlantic european DNA and the Celts

These are false Anglo-American propaganda. The Aryan invasion theory according to the British was that ancient Aryans invaded India at about 1500BC, driven out the Dravidians from their land, have imported the Hindu civilization along with the Sanskrit language from the steppes of central Asia (Kuhn, 1845, Max Muller, 1878, Childe, 1926, Elst, 1999; Trautmann, 2005). The theory was the justification for the British occupation of India. Although there was no archeological evidence to support this theory, it has become the most important doctrine on ancient Indian history. However, some recent archeological discoveries in India, Russia, and Japan have pushed back the antiquity of the Aryans to at least 9000 BC and proved beyond doubt that the ancient Aryans were not nomadic tribes from central Asia but had very advanced urban civilizations. India was possibly the original home of the Aryans. From India, the Aryan language and other languages of Aryan affinity came into existence due to the contact between the migrating Aryans and non-Aryans out of India (Mazumdar, 1917). The Vedic literature was the expression of the highly developed thoughts of the Aryans. If the Aryans had come to India from outside it would be natural to find some traces of their thoughts and literary activities in some of the places through which they had traveled. However, no such record has been discovered at any place. To suggest that the Aryans had attained the highly developed literary and intellectual acumen after coming into India does not justify the absence of any record whatsoever in any of the places through which they had traveled into India. Genetic Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion Recent DNA evidence shows that Europe experienced a massive population influx from the east, beginning around 4,500 years from the present. Several haplogroups were involved in this expansion, including the Indian-origin R1a1a. This was almost a total replacement event, which indicates that Indo-Aryans, among others, expanded westward into Europe and to a large extent, replaced indigenous European males and their Y-chromosome strata (Sharma and his associates, 2009) This genetic evidence indicates that several Y-chromosomal (patrilineal) lineages, one of which was the Indian-origin R1a1a, gave rise to the modern European population. Out of these lineages, R1a1a is the most widespread and numerous. 1. The R1a haplogroup originated in India. 2. The Indo-Aryan people have lived in India for at least 15,450 years, which invalidates the theory that the Indo-Aryans invaded India 3,500 years ago. 3. The hundreds of millions of members (possibly over a billion) of the R1a family living across the world today - a very large fraction of humanity - are all descended from one single male ancestor who lived in India at least 15,450 years ago. This discovery demonstrates the close genetic (and hence linguistic and cultural) affinity of Indians with the Russian and Polish people, the Vikings and Normans, and with the ancient Scythians and Tocharians, among many others (Sharma et al, 2009). This is irrefutable scientific proof that not only did the Indo-Aryan people originate in India over 15,450 years ago, but also that they expanded out of India and settled in lands far to the west in Europe. It thoroughly invalidates the AIT (Aryan Invasion Theory) and AMT (Aryan Migration Theory). Literary Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion Consider the Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra, a Vedic text. Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra 18:44 records: “Amavasu migrated westward. His people are Gandhari, Parsu and Aratta.” This refers to a Vedic king called Amavasu, whose people are the Gandhari (Gandhara - Afghanistan), the Parsu (Persians) and the Aratta, who are tentatively identified as living in the vicinity of Mt. Ararat, which is located in Turkey (eastern Anatolia) and Armenia. Afghanistan (Gandhara) was historically part of the Indian civilization until the Islamic invasions. The name “Persia” comes from the ancient Parshva people (an Aryan clan). The word “Parshva” is derived from the Sanskrit/Avestan (Old Persian) word “Parshu”, which means “battle-ax”. There are clear linguistic and cultural similarities between India and Persia. The traditional Armenian name for Mt. Ararat is Masis. It is named after the legendary Armenian king Amasya. The name “Amasya” is linguistically related to the name “Amavasu” of the Indian king recorded in the Baudhayana’s Shrauta-Sutra. This establishes literary evidence for the westward expansion of Indo-Aryans, via Afghanistan, to Persia, Armenia and Anatolia. The ancient kingdom of Mitranni, of the people who used to worship Mitra, the Vedic God, located in present-day Syria and Anatolia, had an Indo-Aryan, Sanskrit-speaking ruling class. Mitranni kings had Indo-Aryan names. The oldest recorded (Vedic) Sanskrit words are found in a horse training manual by a Mitranni horse master named Kikkuli. Although the text is written in the Hittite language, it appears that Kikkuli was not familiar enough with that language to use technical terms, which made it necessary for him to use the terminology of his own language (Vedic Sanskrit) instead. Inscribed clay tablets discovered in Boğazkale, Anatolia (Turkey), record a royal treaty and invoke the Vedic gods Indra, Mitra, Nasatya & Varuna by the Hittites, another Indo-European tribe, as witnesses. The Boğazkale clay tablets are dated to about 1380 BC. This is around the same time as Kikkuli’s horse training manual. The Mitranni and Hittites belonged to the Indian-origin haplogroup R1a1a. This is clear evidence of a large-scale westward expansion of Sanskrit-speaking Indo-Aryans, and their presence as the ruling aristocracy in lands thousands of kilometers west of India. The children of Goddess Danu. The primordial Rig Vedic river goddess Danu is the mother/progenitor of the Danava clan of Indo-Aryans. The Danavas revolted against the Devas and were eventually defeated and got banished. As it turns out, that was far from the end of their story. The word dānu means “fluid, drop” in Rig Vedic Sanskrit. The Avestan (old Iranian) word for “river” is “dānu”. The Scythian (Saka/Shaka) & Sarmatian words for “river” are also “dānu”. Now consider this: linguistically, the names of the European rivers Danube, Dnieper, Dniestr, Don, Donets, Dunajec, Dvina or Daugava, and Dysna are all derived from the Rig Vedic Sanskrit root word “dānu”. These rivers flow across eastern & central Europe. These rivers, all named after the Rig Vedic goddess Danu, seem to trace the gradual westward migration through Europe of the Danava clan of Rig Vedic Indo-Aryans. According to Irish & Celtic mythology, the Irish & Celtic people are descended from a mother goddess - a river goddess - called Danu. The ancient (mythological) people of Ireland are called the Tuatha Dé Danann (Old Irish: “The peoples of the goddess Danu”). Is there genetic evidence to support this story? As it turns out, there is. The R1a1a haplogroup is rare in Ireland, at 2.5% of the population. This can be explained by the fact that Ireland has suffered many invasions since the Bronze Age, which would have led to the gradual replacement of the R1a1a haplogroup with those of the various invaders. The fact that R1a1a is still present in Ireland proves that people of Indo-Aryan origin settled there in the past (Sharma et al, 2009). Elsdon Best (1972) in his book wrote that the ancestors of a tribe Tuhoe in New Zealand came from India via Peru. DNA tests on some of them proved the origin of their ancestors. They said that they traveled from India after the Mahabharata war to New Zealand. Thus, the story of Manu dividing up the world among his sons maybe not a myth. (KZfaq.com/watch?v=nTb3anTVGJY) In a report published in Nature, a group of scientists and archeologists of the ASI (Archeological Survey of India) and IIT (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) proved that the cities of Indus valley were at least 9000 years old, not just 3500 years. The cause of the decline was not any Aryan invasion, but a continuous lack of rainfall since that 9000 years when most rivers dried up. That might have caused the outward migration of the Aryans from India (Sarkar, 2016). (This is quoted from our (Victoria Miroshnik and Dipak Basu), forthcoming book, Ethics, Morality and Business, to be published by Palgrave-Macmillan. )