How to build multi-storied structures using stabilised mud blocks

Рет қаралды 1,307,078

Жыл бұрын

Humans have always built with natural materials which are locally available. Right from some of the most ancient civilisations, earth or mud has been used in construction for its structural integrity and durability. But over the years, Mud has lost its appeal. Cities across India are building rapidly with cement and other machine made materials. This creates environmental issues and even accelerates climate change. But is there a way out? Can mud architecture be revived? Can it become an alternative to concrete?. Watch the video to know more.
#mudhouse #architecture #mud
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Пікірлер: 810

@adyasha8259 Жыл бұрын

"They are not labours they are craftsmen" this line stole my heart✨️

@rishavburnwal6676 Жыл бұрын

Only happens in Bharat❤

@aruchase Жыл бұрын

Yes. A line to remember!😊

@vijayn5654 Жыл бұрын

❤

@adanoyiadanoyi6519 10 ай бұрын

What you mean by happens only in bharath? The word craftsmen is English

@adanoyiadanoyi6519 10 ай бұрын

In bharath these poor people were considered low caste

@nagarathnakamath1707 Жыл бұрын

"They aren't laborers , they are craftsman"👌

@rahulboruahupsccandidate7822 Жыл бұрын

India had a proud history of craftsmanship destroy by British.

@daspov4709 Жыл бұрын

How they are artisan, when the machine is making all the bricks?

@aksharayadav6916 Жыл бұрын

So true...

@aastiknuthi7943 Жыл бұрын

I appreciate ur line 🙏🏻🙏🏻

@javedsultan4830 Жыл бұрын

they are bhooka nanga workers

@redinarasha3229 Жыл бұрын

I'm not from India. But my parents builded our house just with bare hands. My mother was a chemist and my father was a teacher. We lived there for almost 20 years. North of Albania, where the snow use to last not less then 6 months. Nothing happened to that fantastic house! Well done for doing this.

@skppatil3958 Жыл бұрын

Good to know

@maryland9987 Жыл бұрын

What a beautiful comment about wonderful, hard-working parents, and your family home sounds so beautiful.

@Swatioo10 Жыл бұрын

@@maryland9987 exactly 💯😊

@UPAKHOSALA Жыл бұрын

Thank you very much for Sharing your experience with us and please share in other social media platforms

@gthanjavur Жыл бұрын

Super

@kiritugeorge4684 Жыл бұрын

As someone eager to see a revival of mud architecture in Africa, I loved watching this. There are several projects from Burkina Faso to Kenya to South Africa exploring mud as a construction material.

@Luhje Жыл бұрын

my kenyan grandparents built a mud house in 1950. they are long dead, but the house is still standing . their eldest child was 17 when they built that house. She is turning 90 in a few months and is the one who told us about that house. mud architecture is making a comeback and will no longer be viewed as poor man's architecture.

@leggyReid4c Жыл бұрын

Same here, i plan to build a big mud house in my village to inspire everyone. we tend to look down on mud house when they are the best for the environment.

@xinavaneify Жыл бұрын

I have, since I was a child, longed for a house made of mud or stone. When I looked at pictures of ancient structures in Afrika they called out to me. I could never figure out how we degenerated into using materials that crack, fall apart as quickly as the western-style towers, when buildings millennia-old were still standing. Anyway, @Kiritu George, are any of the projects you refer to in your comment available to view online?

@AryanHomeland Жыл бұрын

निताइ Nitāi - LISTEN Śrīla Prabhupāda on YT. ORIGINAL UNCHANGED books (ONLY pre -1978) u will finally KNW the only ABSOLUTE truth. He will help you निताइ Nitāi - - Abrahamic religions (CHRISTIANITY☦️✝️⛪️, ISLAM ☪️ 🕋☪️, JUDAISM🕍🕎✡️) source of 👎👎👎

@topcesc Жыл бұрын

@@xinavaneify Francis Kéré from Burkina Faso has made some beautiful mud buildings

@haroon420 Жыл бұрын

Absolutely love it that they did not hide such beautiful bricks or brickwork!! Bravo!!

@zaarkhananal7165 Жыл бұрын

It's wonderful to see India adopting so many environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies. I hope to build my own sustainable mud brick home in the future.

@pearls1626 11 ай бұрын

India and Burkina Faso are going back to where their ancestor began. ❤❤❤❤❤

@chandrashekar-kg7oi Жыл бұрын

ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾತನಾಡಿದ ಶ್ರೀ ಭರತ್ ಗೌಡ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಧನ್ಯವಾದಗಳು🙏🏻

@GetYourselfALife Жыл бұрын

what is Gowda da?

@arkshisha Жыл бұрын

@@GetYourselfALife a tag.... like you identify a dog breed...

@GetYourselfALife Жыл бұрын

@@arkshisha 🤣

@GarretVify 10 ай бұрын

Would love to see more of this in the United States for so many reasons. Especially as a better alternative to plywood and deforestation, natural insulation, fireproof, stays cooler, far better for the environment, simpler.

@ElectrifiedStud 24 күн бұрын

American home building is still in the colonisation era.

@desiremixx7622 Жыл бұрын

Congrats to the couple for going ahead when other doubted them. Our native home in our home town is over 100 years old and is a huge mud home and is still beautiful and pleasant in summers and warm in winters.

@vrishabhavastr102 Жыл бұрын

Thank you 🙏

@aksharayadav6916 Жыл бұрын

This is amazing, we need eco friendly architecture. Mud architecture has to be revived. I have always wanted to live in a well built mud house.....

@NostalgiaforInfinity Жыл бұрын

And the best part is, these brick houses are capable of surviving for hundreds of years. Unlike buildings constructed with reinforced concrete whose life is less than 100 years, since the steel used in them rusts and deteriorates the columns, beams and slab. Meanwhile, brick houses in European cities built centuries ago are still standing strong.

@Banzybanz 16 күн бұрын

You can't make skyscrapers and railway bridges out of mud. Steel might not have a long life but it is much stronger.

@dheerkapoor2398 13 күн бұрын

@@Banzybanzthat does not mean u can not make mud houses

@divyagulati832 25 күн бұрын

They are not builders, they are craftsmen..Absolutely true..Highly skilled..❤

@user-ct5cg7dz5m 10 ай бұрын

Not only it is eco friendly but also mesmerizing beauty . "They aren't laborers , they are craftsman".

@muktashukla1806 Жыл бұрын

Not only it is eco friendly but also mesmerizing beauty 😍

@walimuhammad4656 Жыл бұрын

I live in Karachi, Pakistan and the city in completely built with concrete that keeps absorbing heat whole day and emits it back til 2am. In result the city has become a heat island and nobody seems to be interested in finding sustainable development and environment friendly solutions. This technique can bring drastic change if implemented. Thanks for sharing your experience

@pratik3988 Жыл бұрын

Really apke desh ka malik allah hi hai...

@vrishabhavastr102 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for watching and appreciating our effort

@aksath 2 ай бұрын

Yes, the same in most cities unfortunately in India also. Thanks for your views and have a good day!

@nisn8878 11 күн бұрын

Yes in Pakistan and India we have our resources ,so it is imperative that we switch to mud bricks ....and your channel is inspirational

@bitcoindz Жыл бұрын

the idea of investing in skills more than materials is what we need in our time. Brillaint

@travelfoodbusinessbestheyyono Жыл бұрын

I fell in love with the shape of the mud bricks, it has something calming and comforting and very attractive it is very beautiful. Although, for a multi story building I think a frame work is needed but I'm doubting the cost would sky rocket as the mud bricks are very heavy. Anyways, I think there should be many experimentation with this technology!

@yashveersinghyadav7777 Жыл бұрын

I think the Idea here is for non-commericial type of building where people build a home for their family requirement. If we look at rural and small urban town most of the homes are up to 2 story. I think this would be the sector where revolution can be brought poor people are under high financial pressure due to high cost of building material

@prernasingh8649 9 ай бұрын

I have spent a lot of time in Himachal and multi-storey mud houses are quite common there. I'm sure locals know pocket-friendly ways to do it already.

@fr_greywolf. Жыл бұрын

Today on September 30 we Miss our legendary actor, director "Shankar Nag." He having Dream to build a cost-effective and not to more synthetic materials. In kannada movie his brother made lead role and they shown this type of house. I really love this structure ❤️ because we feel down to earth when we spend time in this kind of home sweet home ❤️🙂

@stocktrading5123 Жыл бұрын

Exactly same technology is used in above house .Same Architect who has featured in Anantnag movie has appeared in above Documentary.

@pradeepkengeri6399 Жыл бұрын

Which from is that

@stocktrading5123 Жыл бұрын

@@pradeepkengeri6399 Ganesha Subramanya i guess.

@girivet Жыл бұрын

The mud house shown in the movie, is the one which was built by Mr. Yogananda, in 1987-88. Now my house is being built by same Mahijaa team using STABILIZED MUD BLOCKS

@JustMe54328 Жыл бұрын

Iv seen the movie

@krishnadeepak6437 Жыл бұрын

I can't even imagine what you had to go through to make your vision a reality , it truly amazing and inspiring...... You are a man with pure soul , thinking to that extent ..... Truly loved your sweet home Wish i could see it one day ..... Thank you for your conviction and resolve you have, may God bless you ......

@vrishabhavastr102 Жыл бұрын

Thank you Sir

@girivet Жыл бұрын

ನಮ್ಮ ಮನೆಯನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿರುವ ಮಹಿಜಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ತಂಡ ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ಕಲೆಗಾರ ಕುಶಲಕರ್ಮಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಕಲ ಪರಿಸರ ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಹೊಸ ವರ್ಷದ ಹಾರ್ಧಿಕ ಶುಭಾಶಯಗಳು. ಇಂತಹ ಮನೆಗಳ ಸಂತತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚಲಿ..... ಆಸಕ್ತರು ಮುಂದೆ ಬರಲಿ....

@MichaelIreland Жыл бұрын

So, I am a big proponent of using local materials and reviving low-cost, effective construction techniques. One of the reasons why it is not much wider-spread, though, is standardization. The use of standards is incredibly important, and ensures that engineering projects (such as homes) at least conform to a factor of safety which is determined by geological and atmospheric demands (such as earthquakes, monsoons, or extreme cold). When using local (and therefore non-standardized) materials, it's difficult to maintain strict load-bearing parameters, temperature resilience, and water resistance. And while there are many examples, these only qualify as "anecdotal" evidence. In order to conform to modern building parameters, engineering materials must have hard data to support their widespread use. These things are not impossible to achieve for local materials, but it becomes expensive of excessively restrictive for widespread deployment.

@AF-100 Жыл бұрын

I agree with Michael. Due to lack of columns and beams, I doubt these houses using stabilized mud would withstand an earthquake. They are likely to collapse with a 5-6 Richter earthquake.

@vedangmirashi 11 ай бұрын

Hit the nail on the head, having standardization will definitely help in more people opting for Mud based construction. At the end of the day, end user always has to be sure that the money spent by him provides him safety, longetivity and protection against catastophic events to a certain degreee

@Nphen 10 ай бұрын

Outside of earthquake zones (I live in the American midwest; lots of dirt here, and in Canada) I feel like these stabilized bricks are great, provided that the builders test the soil and properly mix & cure the blocks. I'd say there should be an easy way to test a sample brick or block so the structural integrity is known to the building engineers & architects before the project starts. Having standardized regulations for testing, and building codes that accept tested materials, would allow builders in different areas to develop proper mixes for their region and be able to get consistent stabilized mud blocks from any build site. We need counties & cities to get more flexible with building codes and be ready to incorporate more materials as we realize that not every building needs to be mostly concrete & steel.

@MichaelIreland 10 ай бұрын

@@Nphen I agree with you in principle, and I think there's a solution that satisfies all parties. I think there's still a challenge to cost, and for the engineering firms doing the testing to (literally) sign-off on the materials to be used for buildings with human occupancy. They're held liable if the building fails, and that can be a huge barrier to their willingness. Not impossible, of course. These are just challenges to be overcome. But it'll take some big moves by the policymakers (and heaven forbid there are big business lobbyists arguing against it).

@PH7018c 9 ай бұрын

If fabricating these bricks is seen as a bussiness.. then everything changes.. 1. A standard code have to be produced 2. The material have to be tested 3. The product must be standarized 4. The use for the type of brick gets explained.. ..etc..

@MaLiArtworks186 10 ай бұрын

Rammed Earth Homes do not need air conditioner; nor heat. It adjust with the weather! Earthquake proof; tornado proof; fire proof etc etc etc. Wish we had them in America! Love Rammed Buildings!

@jisnudeepmandal Ай бұрын

Could you explain how it is earthquake proof?

@sortuur1875 Ай бұрын

@@jisnudeepmandal the bricks because of their placement are naturally shock resistant .. you need to ask the company itself for more details, this is why Skills>Materials and why skilling Indians for how our ancestors did it is the most important key to demographic dividend. Research on some mahals that were built in earthquake areas, note how their placement and their natural absorption capacities meant that these survived for thousands of years

@jisnudeepmandal Ай бұрын

@@sortuur1875 I have asked them in many videos but they don't reply. Since this person said that it makes the building earthquake proof, I asked him/her. But again no answers. I know, it's the design of the structure itself which bears the load but how that makes it earthquake proof and better than normal RCC structure, is my question. I have got the proof but not the principle behind this. Since a house needs to be secure for the family, I need to make sure about this. BTW thanks for your reply

@artivedi3887 2 күн бұрын

@@sortuur1875 yu mean sit and study ..those who have already made why they don't give away details if they rnt here to show off only

@shekharsyouta2318 Жыл бұрын

I am a final year aerospace engineering student. But still I have great interest in carpentry, which is also a craft so, I have a great respect for all the craftsmen.

@artivedi3887 2 күн бұрын

I wish to learn carpentry try but a homemaker 50+I wish I cud at least make a simple.deewan kinda bed a stools.beautifully painted ..but this life has been such a. Waste only dreaming..reaching nowhere

@maodonimega 9 ай бұрын

I built a hyperadobe round house in my back garden, using a mix of clay mud, small stones, cow manure and lime. I painted it with homemade milk paint, coloured with yellow ochre, and topped it with a living roof. Still standing strong...7 years on in the UK climate. I was inspired by traditional homes from Africa and India. I would LOVE to build with stabilised mud bricks. AWESOME! Concrete production is killing our world....please stop now.

@artivedi3887 2 күн бұрын

Why not help others to build like Delhi needs it .saying stop doesn't help one needs physical help ..physically available pe.to train them.build a house who so evers make ateam will..at least a couple.of.mon ths devoted to this .charge something for training ..hiring of labour ..will be part of it...I wish to cover my roof top flat ..if yu can guide

@MaLiArtworks186 10 ай бұрын

I love rammed earth homes. I painted my American house to look like rammed house. Love it!

@yakshaveeranath4773 Жыл бұрын

So inspiring!

@biswajithota2524 Жыл бұрын

The Hirakud dam in Odisha is the longest earthen dam in the world. It was the brain child of Sir M Viswesharaya.

@rajeevkumarkarwayun5458 Жыл бұрын

very good concept. perhaps this should be used in entire India. Thanks

@ferozfersheikh5957 Жыл бұрын

Hats off... Ma sha Allah it's amazing 😍

@cyne_ Жыл бұрын

Load bearing walls work for non earthquake zones. In earthquake zones like NE frame are required for holding the structure and transfer of loads and ductility is a factor in it.

@mayankdewli1010 Жыл бұрын

Not really. People in these regions and in other parts of himalayas were building earthquake resistant building before the idiots from mainland decided to push cement down everyone throat because of their stupidity

@cyne_ Жыл бұрын

@@mayankdewli1010 not talking about cement but more about reinforcement for ductility.

@IlIiI2lilllI4illI9I6IllI1IlIlI Жыл бұрын

@@mayankdewli1010 yes but they built mostly single floor house(ikora style)...... With sloppy roof so that in case of any calamity that doesn't harm much...... And frame based structure is time tested...... You can see videos of buildings in Japan shaking during earthquakes...... And they developed this because they have suffered alot due to earthquakes...... And this type of structure was new for them......

@TheVeganVicar Жыл бұрын

@@cyne_ NE?

@cyne_ Жыл бұрын

@jerry calvert yes I have heard of Earthquake resistant buildings with base isolation where the base of buildings are not directly attached to the ground and also the walls you say have height limits. In Japan, they use this technique, and they use reinforcement throughout so that the buildings swing and not crack. It is important for the buildings to bend and regain their position during the earthquake, or else it will crack and collapse. Load-bearing walls are not meant for earthquake prone areas. Otherwise, we would be making that in our region, which is a zone V.

@jisnudeepmandal Ай бұрын

I am really interested into this thing but I have a few questions: 1. Sometimes bird drop seeds of plants on roofs or somewhere else and then plants grow from there. What are the chances that the house can withstand such invasion? 2. Insects like ants, centepedes, earthworms etc are a big issue. How does this building prevents insects from invading the mud structure? 3. Do toilets withstand the water?

@artivedi3887 2 күн бұрын

Correct .the vedio maker has avoided total.details.not even. How he mixed what he mentioned

@odaadu-4463 Жыл бұрын

ಸುಂದರವಾದ ಪರಿಸರ ಸುಂದರವಾದ ಮನೆ ❤️

@ST-jl2tb Жыл бұрын

Thank you for making and sharing such good stories! This channel is itself I believe a green channel!

@DeccanHerald Жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it!

@goutamdadugol47 Жыл бұрын

Total cost of construction

@nirbhay372 Жыл бұрын

It's really wonderful idea .....and should be implement👍

@rajathsharma8598 Жыл бұрын

Brilliant idea, awesome video 🌟

@beverlyp480 Жыл бұрын

This is absolutely amazing what can be done. Love it.💕🕉️

@SandipanNaths Жыл бұрын

Great concept....need of the hour... hope this video reaches to a larger audience

@kojomensah7474 Жыл бұрын

Very promising because the mud also keep the inside cool unlike concrete blocks which absorb the sun's radiation during the day and slowly release it at night in which case you fry

@KingdomMusicCitizens Жыл бұрын

I love the house, the craft, skill and knowledge. It is good for us and it is good for our environment. Thank you for producing such an informative video.

@pearls1626 11 ай бұрын

Mud house is cool during summer, no need for air conditioner And warmer in winter

@MCRuCr 10 ай бұрын

5:58 it is the other way round: columns are vertical and beams are horizontal

@wyntersteele1a Жыл бұрын

That house was so very beautiful from what was shown. I loved the look of the block and the inner courtyard like entrance. I can't believe that people are pushing back on this technique. Why is there doubt considering that concrete is used in this mixture?

@bee7549 Жыл бұрын

because many people stand to make huge profits in construction materials such as steel and concrete...they care about the immediate; the turnover rather than sustainable environments

@pearls1626 11 ай бұрын

That’s right it’s all about profit… the pursuit of money…😢

@artivedi3887 2 күн бұрын

@@bee7549 if such a person exists why can't there b more pple ..he didn't bother showing the press he uses for bricks the cost of that press for bricks had he shown how from where he got that press made etc. Incomplete vedio rt fro. The start why expect govt to do .why can't an NGO be formed I l be the first one to buy I'm.desperate to cool.my home ..coating from scratch he never bothered what use of such a genius ..

@anonymousaspirant7780 Жыл бұрын

Really a great step for environment.❤❤ Must have to appreciate... 🙏🏻🙏🏻

@srikantdelhi 9 ай бұрын

Lovely! Hope more and more people become aware of this. All the best!

@awerawer3101 9 ай бұрын

With this tutorial, I can now build my own multi-storied stabilised mud block structures

@anmoldalal16 Жыл бұрын

This is a good step towards sustainable construction.

@jm5535 9 ай бұрын

Wah, such a wonderful initiative, hats off to the team behind this...May it revive the old traditional and environmentally rich methods

@surimaribo24 Жыл бұрын

thank you for making a a positive difference

@Edward4Plantagenet Жыл бұрын

Absolutely loved it

@shekhawat2004 Жыл бұрын

The house just mesmerised my eyes ❤

@Wild1Banana Жыл бұрын

The Indian Stabilized mud bricks made with the ram press is really visually appealing in addition to being seriously earth friendly. I wonder what companies have the stabilized home plans and special press required to sale for this genuinely practical material?

@artivedi3887 2 күн бұрын

That's what the press ..he must have used he didn't show nd expenses he didi t mentioned. What's the use

@gsangma Жыл бұрын

Definitely a good choice, however without frames and beams safety will be an issue in seismic zone V areas. Our villages have houses built this way though and certainly cooler in summer and a bit warmer inside in winters.

@lokeshwarkumar9776 20 сағат бұрын

Just great techniques using mud ❤ really natural ❤❤

@madamfree8801 3 ай бұрын

Beautiful home, lovely family. Thank you for sharing

@sanjaybhatikar 7 ай бұрын

Nothing short of revolutionary from all angles!

@samanvayasrivastava559 Жыл бұрын

Many congratulations for your much needed efforts and research… we absolutely need more work to be done and more minds to be engaged in this direction

@niteeshbihade1789 Жыл бұрын

Awesome! Such brilliant men!

@kinjaldamani9797 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for sharing. very helpful and cudos to the efforts of the mud bricks making team ❤

@kavyasudhakarkavya1094 Жыл бұрын

Namma kannadadavaru namma hemme💐🙏

@fairyvina4715 9 ай бұрын

Yes please keep going this is incredible i live in America this would benefit all of us all around the world this is so amazing good job HUMANs!!! I love you!

@icyjaam Жыл бұрын

Loved the whole vibe of this video

@JugMelodies 2 ай бұрын

I hope this method of making structures becomes a success at societal level. Looks very impressive.

@Shiva14082 Жыл бұрын

Great work in Bharat after a long century 🙏 very very thanks to all of you .

@AkashSingh-oq4mp Жыл бұрын

Great I will use these in project ☺

@AdamBogan Жыл бұрын

I really like this technology. Thanks for the great video.

@vrushchikak4847 6 ай бұрын

Great stuff! Mud house, grass yard and a tree at the front is a wow factor!

@haroon420 Жыл бұрын

Amazing!!!

@Alusnovalotus Жыл бұрын

The house looks amazing.

@trimansehgal4925 Жыл бұрын

Great work with a beautiful thought

@kalpsharma3166 Жыл бұрын

exceptional piece of work

@bhajanpatrika7349 Жыл бұрын

That's really awesome... We need to go back to natural ways to save ourselves from climate change.

@hilmikato169 Жыл бұрын

This is the brilliant material 👍

@OrendaDesignStudio Жыл бұрын

This is amazing 🥰🥰🥰🥰.

@nithing2001 Жыл бұрын

Very good story. ....thanks

@RVBadlands2015 Жыл бұрын

We call it stabilized Adobe here in the U.S.

@zaidbintareq Жыл бұрын

Government can help, but we were thought about kacca house and pakka house in our school syllabus, we need people to get aware and educate them

@goodman3021 Жыл бұрын

What a wonderful video, there r many other videos also but this video is made in a wonderfull way. Nice info nice house 👌 Our country can create wonders in this, hoping someday I have my own mud house also..

@sraghunath7423 Жыл бұрын

Inspiring!

@marymungai4429 Жыл бұрын

love it thank you for sharing

@ludvigtande1236 Жыл бұрын

Love it. ❤

@DanteVelasquez 10 ай бұрын

Meanwhile how beautiful is that 4 story mud house, more beautiful than many of the modern versions.. We need the revival of these technologies going forward.

@daryl9189 Жыл бұрын

Those Hpuse look so good !!

@divinenonbinary 4 ай бұрын

Amazing! I understand these are more comfortable to live in as well

@ParadkarPrajakta Жыл бұрын

such a wholesome video

@rajibgohain1476 Жыл бұрын

Hats off.👍🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰

@GlasbanGorm Жыл бұрын

Sure this is a good idea as, the blocks are in effect locally fillered concrete blocks, or a form of adobe. You of course can rethink how buildings are shaped that will best make use of these building materials. Additionaly you can simply plaster with lime or others materials to maintain, and improve the walls surfaces.

@12kvramdev 8 ай бұрын

Wonderful craftsmanship.🙏🇮🇳💐

@phoebebaker1575 Жыл бұрын

Beautiful!

@thesavagecivilengineers9097 Жыл бұрын

My concern : Is it earthquack resistant ! Because thats one of the main reason to use RCC further framed structure is necessary where differential settlement take place...no doubt it can be used in low rise buildings in zone 2 or Zone 3....🤔🤔