Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Flow Chart: Valid vs Invalid, Strong vs Weak, Sound vs Unsound

Рет қаралды 78,078

2 жыл бұрын

A logic flowchart of deductive and inductive reasoning, deductive validity, inductive strength, sound arguments and cogent arguments. Examples are given for deductive vs inductive reasoning, valid vs invalid reasoning, strong vs weak reasoning, sound vs unsound reasoning, and cogent vs uncogent reasoning. PDF of the chart available here:
drive.google.com/file/d/1r45Dq1hZpJWtkPNeiXm7TOqjuYV6Xv56/view?usp=sharing
Appreciate my work? Subscribe!
kzfaq.info/love/1HZgM0cnd4pCWcRxXOWvJw
0:00 Introduction
0:20 Deductive Reasoning (Deduction)
0:51 Inductive Reasoning (Induction)
1:16 Review of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Deduction vs. Induction)
1:41 Invalid Reasoning (Deductive Invalidity)
2:30 Valid Reasoning (Deductive Validity)
3:06 Weak Reasoning (Inductively Weak Arguments)
3:43 Strong Reasoning (Inductively Strong Arguments)
4:30 Review of Deductive Validity and Inductive Strength
5:49 Two ways an argument can go wrong
6:24 Deductive Unsoundness (Deductively Unsound Arguments)
6:46 Deductive Soundness (Deductively Sound Arguments)
6:59 Inductive Uncogency (Inductively Uncogent Arguments)
7:33 Inductive Cogency (Inductively Cogent Arguments)
7:55 Overview of logic flowchart
Further Reading
Paul Herrick, Introduction to Logic
Chapter 3: "The Basic Types of Argument”
Chapter 4, “How to Evaluate a Deductive Argument”
Ch. 5, "How To Evaluate an Inductive Argument"
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Deductive and Inductive Arguments”: www.iep.utm.edu/ded-ind/
Music: Magic Scout Cottages by Kevin MacLeod
Link: incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/4672-magic-scout-cottages
License: filmmusic.io/standard-license

Пікірлер: 108

@butterfly-xe4tf Жыл бұрын

you just made me not regret for the whole week of me zoning out in class while my teacher was lecturing. I LOVE YOUR WORK AND YOUR VOICE.

@Kiko355- 3 ай бұрын

agreed

@christiangoran6621 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for this. 8 min explained it to me better than 9 hours of lectures has done so far.

@e.cforest5422 3 ай бұрын

Try not going to a university. I completed the entire Logic and Critical Thinking COURSE in my online class in 7.5 hours and I take my test today. In person university is a waste of money.

@24hrs_promise54 2 ай бұрын

I'm writing on fridday 😹💪hopefully it's gonna work for me too

@r.c.5827 Жыл бұрын

This is the best I've seen on the issue, especially in pointing out the difference between addressing the reasoning and addressing whether the premises are true.

@lauraspg909 13 күн бұрын

Thank you, for the easy breakdown, I wish the professor would have sent this to me in the beginning of the course. I also appreciate the pace you used throughout the video.

@laurenmcconnell4838 8 ай бұрын

Thank you!!! I’ve been struggling this past week on this topic. Best video/explanation yet🙏🏼

@coconutyesse 4 күн бұрын

Thanks for sharing! Your video makes me understand these logic fundamentals in 5 minutes!

@joxayah5136 Жыл бұрын

Holy **** I might actually pass my exam now. Thank you so much!!!!!!

@fishsticks5010 4 ай бұрын

What swear word has only two letters in it?

@LetsGetLogical 2 жыл бұрын

PDF of the chart available here: drive.google.com/file/d/1r45Dq1hZpJWtkPNeiXm7TOqjuYV6Xv56/view?usp=sharing

@domoxd3020 Жыл бұрын

Where is the link for the color chart? I'm going to take a screenshot for now but I would looove an original file. Thank you for your work!!! I totally understood it based on your flow chart.

@apha5936 Жыл бұрын

OMG!! This is definitely the BEST explanation ever. This will surely help me pass my Critical Thinking exam

@Theonejearbear Жыл бұрын

I've literally watched 13 other videos about these topics and this was the only one that made me click! Thank you so much!

@hanhanhanool1738 10 ай бұрын

Great video! Love the examples provided for each. Many thanks

@lashelleharvey5208 Жыл бұрын

Awesome flow chart 👌🏾 Thank you!

@calebchuks4058 2 ай бұрын

Another brother from another world, i had this type of master diagram for my students, except the cogent and not cogent. Thanks your graphics and explanations are flawless.

@aa3ali4 Жыл бұрын

Your explanation is amazing. Thank you for simplifying Mr. Schopenhauer's book ( the art of being right ).

@miss.nareshsharma1690 23 күн бұрын

Thank you so much for explaining it in a easier way🎉🎉🎉

@kiki12333 Жыл бұрын

I have an exam on Sunday and this video alone helped me feel a lot more confident in these concepts. Thank you!

@user-df9sp8cq9f 6 ай бұрын

A whole semester explained in one video :) thank you so much :)

@HipHopRepair 5 ай бұрын

Seen 30 videos on that topic and this is by far the best! You got a new subscriber

@nouhsaid9423 Жыл бұрын

Thank you so much this video iwatch when I start the first semester of the year ,semester 7, thats so incredible the way to explaining the lesson , again I appreciate you for the helping this course, long life.

@salmanmohammed7514 Ай бұрын

Thanks to you I’m ready for my finals

@MayA-xm2fi 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for this video It really helped me know the differences

@GoShakey Жыл бұрын

Wow, this video really helped open my brain this subject! Thank you I was having trouble at first.

@Sigmaguys515 2 ай бұрын

The best mr ever thank you for your effort

@zalakmodi9519 Жыл бұрын

This video is amazing and helped me learning hidden parts of reading listening and writing and speaking. thank you

@Vegastellar Жыл бұрын

Thank u for this video good examples and easy to understand!! U are good at what you do

@Apeuda 2 ай бұрын

cleanest explanation ever

@user-te5zk6gp4m 4 ай бұрын

thank you for this good video.this video cleared my all confusions.

@elizabethjean2709 8 ай бұрын

Ni vs Ne This is the best video I've seen in 15 years.

@joodd6603 6 ай бұрын

Awesome vid, thanks for posting.

@Andreatuzze 5 ай бұрын

this was the best video about logic I've seen so far thank you so much. Especially about soundness, so an argument to makes sense has to be sound. because it can work logically when it's a valid( or a tautology) but still making "no sense in the real world" because the premises are false. And finally all sound arguments are valid but not every valid argument is sound

@LetsGetLogical 5 ай бұрын

Sounds like you got it. Right on! 🙂

@davidarcher4651 12 күн бұрын

you tokk a different approach to explaining which I liked. The examples were really good too

@mohamsterto6880 9 ай бұрын

OMG thank you so much!!!

@kristinrosendale4705 7 ай бұрын

Fantastic video! I finally understand. I really struggled with this in my social choice math class, should really help for my logic class next semester!! Thank you

@mahider.__ 5 ай бұрын

thank you. JUST THANK YOU

@wdbryAREEJ 4 ай бұрын

It’s soooo nice i love your sond and how you explained in easy way keep going 👌🏼👌🏼👌🏼

@sophiem9682 5 ай бұрын

You are amazing. Thank you.

@tien_lnt Жыл бұрын

Very helpful. Thank you. 👍

@itsaysunb 2 ай бұрын

I wanted to express my gratitude for the incredible video you created. Your explanation was clear, concise, and immensely helpful in preparing for my exam. Your dedication to providing quality content on KZfaq is truly commendable, and it’s people like you who make learning enjoyable and accessible for everyone. Keep up the fantastic work, and know that you’re making a significant impact on your audience’s lives. 👏🏽

@LetsGetLogical 2 ай бұрын

Thanks for the kind word!

@ilyn3520 Жыл бұрын

Thank you so so so much❤❤❤

@lindseyc2163 8 ай бұрын

Thank you! I've been struggling in class and this is helping clear some things up.

@LetsGetLogical 8 ай бұрын

My students have trouble with it too. That's why I made the video. 🙂 Glad it helped!

@britc2792 9 ай бұрын

ive been struggling to understand this for years. Thank you so much for explaining it so clearly with a chart and examples. I wish I seen this sooner!

@oliviacloran9558 Жыл бұрын

very helpful thank you

@unitainium3669 10 ай бұрын

amazing thank you

@estifanos9981 Жыл бұрын

Thanks man, this was great

@nadimitani Жыл бұрын

Very useful video!

@hamzazad5258 11 ай бұрын

Very helpful chart. You explained it perfectly...also this guy uses a lot of animal examples, therefore he must really love animals.

@FasilWorku-el8ge 6 ай бұрын

Amazing

@worku-bb5qz1mf8k 5 ай бұрын

Thanks you 🙏🙏🙏🙏

@nopekitty 7 ай бұрын

ur the besttttt

@SUMMER-NINJA- Жыл бұрын

Thank you

@AbenezerAyele-ce9fh Жыл бұрын

Nice presentation

@user-pn6es6ju9v 10 ай бұрын

Man you're different.

@holyking4 Жыл бұрын

u are so fantastic

@domoxd3020 Жыл бұрын

You are so awesome

@user-gr8ym7zm8b 5 ай бұрын

Thanks a lot, I hope my philosophy professor can explain course contents as clear as you do. 😢

@pareshbasnet1136 Жыл бұрын

thank you, this worked like magic

@BobbyJ529 2 жыл бұрын

When you're listening to an argument live do you automatically mark the premises and conclusions intuitively as they come up or is this something you still have to stop and think about?

@LetsGetLogical 2 жыл бұрын

Depends! But yes, sometimes it takes some work in real time to identify the premises and conclusion, especially with a wordy, unclear speaker (or author).

@mencken8 2 ай бұрын

Will the chart in any way enable me to induce or deduce why there is a wrinkle dog in the thumbnail?

@nopekitty 6 ай бұрын

i’ve watched this video 100 times this semester… todays the final

@LetsGetLogical 6 ай бұрын

Good luck!

@nopekitty 6 ай бұрын

@@LetsGetLogical went super well thanks to you 🙏🏼🙏🏼

@JTan-fq6vy 10 күн бұрын

Thanks for the great video! For inductive reasoning, I am curious how to precisely measure whether an argument is strong or weak? Any quantitative methods, such as causal inference, could play a role here?

@LetsGetLogical 10 күн бұрын

Great question. The precision you're asking about is exactly what the discipline of Statistics is for. But in the case of everyday inductive reasoning, it tends to be just common sense ball park estimates of probability, nothing precise.

@JTan-fq6vy 10 күн бұрын

@@LetsGetLogicalThank you! Would you mind sharing some (introductory) books or references of statistical-based inductive reasoning?

@LetsGetLogical 7 күн бұрын

Don't have any book recommendations off the top of my head but do a search on Bayesian reasoning and you'll have a fun rabbit hole to go down.

@user-jo4zj2ws9w 8 ай бұрын

love you

@aysegulerarslan8314 Жыл бұрын

👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

@cuseyeti_one8three 7 ай бұрын

I don't know why Sally wouldn't like that jaguar. That is a perfectly fine jaguar.

@LetsGetLogical 7 ай бұрын

😂😂😂

@kobbygbena861 11 ай бұрын

How'd i distinguish between an invalid deductive argument and inductive argument. Still dont quite get it

@LetsGetLogical 11 ай бұрын

Insightful question! Assume the premises are true. And they make the conclusion probable but _not_ guaranteed. Is it a successful inductive argument or a failed deductive argument? Answer: it depends! If the argument is put forward with the aim of guaranteeing the conclusion, then it is an invalid deductive argument. But if the argument is put forward with the aim of making the conclusion probable, then it is a strong inductive argument. "Valid" and "strong" are terms of evaluation. But they're evaluating different things. So in the case you're talking about, if we ask "Is the reasoning any good?" the answer is: "Well, it's a good inductive argument (strong) but a bad deductive argument (invalid)."

@ruthmkonda713 Жыл бұрын

Omg, I love you! 😂

@JoseBrionesAvila 3 ай бұрын

I love you bro

@LetsGetLogical 3 ай бұрын

😂 *fist bump*

@sofe_9023 8 ай бұрын

2:04 can this example be an inductive reasoning?

@LetsGetLogical 8 ай бұрын

Sure! Maybe the person is just trying to give *evidence* that Mary has a pet penguin. The fact that Mary's pet is black and white _does_ increase the probability that it's a penguin. So, yeah-this argument could be construed as inductive. (But note that it would be a _weak_ inductive argument. The mere fact that Mary's pet is black and white does not make it probable, all things considered, that it's a penguin.)

@sofe_9023 8 ай бұрын

@@LetsGetLogical Nice and clear! Thanks a lot

@dotheworkreacts1191 Жыл бұрын

Darn. The PDFs are no longer available

@LetsGetLogical Жыл бұрын

I think I might have fixed it. Thanks for bringing to my attention.

@SJTowne 8 ай бұрын

Still so quiet!!! But great content. 😉

@Cantbuyathrill Жыл бұрын

Kosher and Unkosher

@djb5320 Жыл бұрын

this should be taught in churches and mosques etc.

@LetsGetLogical Жыл бұрын

Agreed! Members of faith communities would do well to think hard about the relationship between faith and reason.

@Cantbuyathrill Жыл бұрын

The right conclusion is that "Penguins have nine lives"

@garyskinner2422 2 жыл бұрын

I'm still waiting for a sound or cojent argument for a god/gods actually existing

@LetsGetLogical Жыл бұрын

@Gary Skinner, interestingly, there _are_ cogent and sound arguments for or against God's existence... we just don't know which ones they are! Here's what I mean: to identify an argument as cogent or sound, we must identify whether the premises are true or false. There are valid and strong arguments for and against God's existence-so the only remaining question is whether the claims put forward in the premises are actually true. If the premises put forward by the atheists are true, then they have cogent and sound arguments against God. If the premises put forward by the theists are true, then _they_ are the ones who have cogent and sound arguments _for_ God. But the premises are contested by both sides. So nobody knows which side in the debate has the cogent and sound arguments. This is a common situation in philosophy. It all comes down to a certain premise and it's an unsettled, open question whether that premise is true or false.

@garyskinner2422 Жыл бұрын

@@LetsGetLogical yes I understand cojent and sound arguments, I absolutely don't know whether or not a god in fact exists, but the time to believe. Ie you think the proposition is true is when evidence points to such to justify the belief, I know people believe for good and bad reasons absolutely. I want to believe in as many true things as possible thus I'd like evidence which points to truth in reality with a small t. I know we can't ever be sure 100% of anything (brain in a vat) or life being a program, simulation etc, not that I advocate for this at all. We can only go with what we have at present. Furthermore athiests like me (not hard) don't claim to argue against a god I'm an agnostic atheist and thus I'm simply just not convinced with the conclusion that a god indeed exists, I'm not saying I know a god doesn't exist and therefore adopting the burden of proof. Simply I find the argument for God unconvincing atm unless I receive further information that sways me. Cheers bud ps soundness points to the premises being actually true that's what's missing in my view.

@NN-tk7uw 5 ай бұрын

Loved the video but that background music was torture

@LetsGetLogical 5 ай бұрын

Ha ha, yeah, I go back and forth on the value of background music. It's hard to get right. I thought this was subtle enough but I know what you mean about the pain of a bad track.

@NN-tk7uw 5 ай бұрын

@@LetsGetLogical I'm back for more!

@rejected4760 10 ай бұрын

I have been studying this topic lately. But I have issues with the definition of Valid. There are 10 animals in the barn. They are either cows or cats. There are not 9 cows in the barn. There is exactly 1 cat in the barn. This argument is not valid. However let's say the premise that there are not 9 cows in the barn is false. Then the conclusion must be true.

@LetsGetLogical 10 ай бұрын

@rejected4760 Hmmm. I don't see it. Like you suggested, let's say the premise that there are _not_ 9 cows in the barn is false. And let's say it's because in fact there are 10 cows in the barn. Well, then it does _not_ follow logically that there is exactly 1 cat in the barn (because there are 0 cats in the barn). Or perhaps I misunderstood you.

@rejected4760 10 ай бұрын

@@LetsGetLogical if the premise "There are not 9 cows in the barn." is false then tere must be 9 cows in the barn. so the conclusion has to be true that means the conclusion is guaranteed to be true if premise 1 and 2 are true and premise 3 is false. and since like you said the actual value of true or false does not matter, this argument should be valid. the 3rd premise is just negated and thats where my issue lies. just negate one premise and the definition of valid doesnt apply anymore

@LetsGetLogical 10 ай бұрын

Doh! I missed the double negation of "It is _not_ the case that there are _not_ 9 cows in the barn." Ah, the dangers of trying to do careful philosophy on the fly in comment sections of YT. 🙂

@iuseyoutubealot 5 ай бұрын

all banana esters can fly how is that a true premise

@LetsGetLogical 5 ай бұрын

It's not.

@alo1236546 6 ай бұрын

I dont have time to observe all banana eater can fly, so give it a guess

@andrewvirtue5048 Жыл бұрын

This video is misinforming the public. It is explaining deductive reasoning as taking two statements to gather a conclusion. That is INductive reasoning. Starting around 1:56. Deductive reasoning is taking the results to find the data. A breakdown into a conclusion. Inductive reasoning is a buildup into a conclusion; taking the data to find results.

@LetsGetLogical Жыл бұрын

@andrewvirtue5048 Thanks for dropping in. Appreciate your challenge. You sound like someone who is interested in this stuff, so I'd encourage you to take a look at some standard resources like the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy or one of the common undergraduate-level logic books such as Hurley's A Concise Introduction to Logic, Copi's Introduction to Logic, or Herrick's Introduction to Logic (which is the text I use). I think you'll stand to benefit by comparing the view presented in these academic sources with your own view of inductive and deductive reasoning. Either by sharpening your own view, or coming to have a greater appreciation for how contemporary logicians frame these concepts. It's true the distinction can be characterized in different ways, but the characterization I give here is the most common.