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Type 1
Type 1 DM is associated with complete destruction of the beta cells and an absolute insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetics are always insulin dependent; it is an IDDM (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus).
Type 2
In established cases of type 2 DM there is a reduced level of beta cell function. However, the disease process starts with the insulin receptors; these do not work properly or are reduced in numbers. This means that even though insulin is produced, the receptors are unable to make use of it. This situation is described as insulin resistance. These patients can often be managed without using insulin i.e. type 2 diabetes may be a NIDDM (non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus). However type 2 diabetes may progress to become insulin dependent, and so may become an IDDM. Type 2 disease is the most common form of diabetes mellitus.