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Direct speech is when we report what someone said exactly as they said it, using quotation marks and the speaker's exact words. For example:
Direct speech: "I am going to the store," said John.
Indirect speech is when we report what someone said without using their exact words, but still conveying the same meaning. Indirect speech usually involves changing the tense and pronouns of the original sentence. For example:
Indirect speech: John said that he was going to the store.
Note that in indirect speech, we also often need to change other words such as time expressions and conjunctions.
Understanding the difference between direct and indirect speech is important for effective communication and clear reporting of information.