Taking apart an electric toothbrush to see how it works.
Inside it has a small direct current (DC) electric motor, with a crank attached to its shaft. The crank in turn is coupled to a connecting rod so that the rotational movement of the shaft is transformed into a longitudinal movement of the connecting rod. The crank is connected to another crank, but with restricted movement so that it once again converts the longitudinal movement into a rotary one, but limited only to a few degrees in one direction and other degrees in another. This rotation is transmitted by a stem to the head, where there is a right-angle gear system to change the direction of rotation.
An electric toothbrush is a toothbrush that makes rapid, automatic bristle motions, either back-and-forth oscillation or rotation-oscillation (where the brush head alternates clockwise and counterclockwise rotation), in order to clean teeth.
Electric toothbrushes can be either rechargeable (with replaceable brush heads) or disposable (with the entire toothbrush disposed of after use). They are designed to provide effective plaque removal and improved oral hygiene compared to manual toothbrushes. Some electric toothbrushes also come with additional features such as timers, pressure sensors, and various brushing modes to cater to different oral care needs.
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