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Discover Zwolle / Netherlands:
Zwolle ligt aan het Zwarte Water en de Overijsselse Vecht en is via het Zwolle-IJsselkanaal verbonden met de IJssel. De stad ligt in de regio IJsseldelta. De gemeente telt 132.454 inwoners (31 januari 2023) en is qua inwoneraantal de negentiende gemeente van Nederland. Zwolle heeft een oppervlakte van 111,33 km².
The oldest written mention, from 1040, speaks of a parish church dedicated to Saint Michael. In 1230, Zwolle was given city rights by its lord, the Utrecht bishop Wilbrand van Oldenburg, in gratitude for his help in building a castle in Hardenberg. This was in response to the Battle of Ane.
During the city fire of 1324, deliberately set by robber knight Zweder van Voorst, the city almost completely went up in flames. Nine buildings, including the chapel and refectory of the Bethlehem Monastery, remained standing because they were built of stone. After the fire, the city was rebuilt towards the west. The map still shows a difference between the irregular street pattern in the eastern part of the city center, which dates from before the fire, and the much more regular street pattern after the fire.
The Latin school of Zwolle, the current Gymnasium Celeanum, achieved great fame under rector Johan Cele (1375-1415). Inspired by the Modern Devotion, he put new spiritual, pedagogical and social insights into practice. His educational innovation would soon be followed by schools in the Netherlands and Germany in particular. In the fifteenth century, the city's "Golden Age", the Modern Devotion, which had initially been started by Geert Grote in Deventer, expanded from Zwolle to a large part of Europe. At the beginning of this century it was Thomas a Kempis, copyist and mystic, who after finishing school in Deventer went to live in a monastery on the Agnietenberg and became a known inspirer of this movement. It is assumed that the later Pope Adrian VI attended the Latin school in Zwolle around 1470.
In Zwolle (Zwollerkerspel), the road bridge and the railway bridge over the IJssel were blown up on May 10, 1940. This also caused the telephone connection with the Northern Netherlands, which ran via these bridges, to disappear. One of the three civil registry offices for Germans was established in Zwolle. Zwolle also received one of the 57 employment centers established by the Germans.
Zwolle was given a so-called 'Jewish Council', founded on behalf of the Germans. During the Second World War, 495 Jewish residents of Zwolle were deported by the occupying forces and killed in concentration camps. A Jewish couple took their own lives with the Germans on their doorstep, and two Jews were killed by the resistance in Hattem. People who resisted the occupier in any way were also shot in various places in the city.
Various monuments in the city remind us of this, such as the Monument on the Meppelerstraatweg and Monument at the Berkum shooting range. The Zwolle War Memorial is located in the Ter Pelkwijk Park, which should keep alive the memory of all Zwolle residents who died in the Second World War as a result of war actions. Zwolle was liberated by Canadians on April 14, 1945. Leo Major (1921-2008) was one of the first Allied soldiers to enter the city and was almost independently responsible for the withdrawal of the Germans, and is therefore called 'the liberator of Zwolle'.
Bridge connections
The IJssel Bridge forms the connection across the IJssel between Overijssel and Gelderland. A few hundred meters next to this bridge is the Nieuwe IJsselbrug on the A28 and a railway bridge, the Hanzeboog, on the Amersfoort - Zwolle line.
In the east of Zwolle, the Hortensia Bridge and the Hanekamp Bridge connect the Assendorp district with the Wipstrik district. In the northwest, the Mastenbroekerbrug connects the Stadshagen district with the center. The Twistvliet Bridge does the same, but is only intended for cyclists, pedestrians and public transport. The Voorsterbrug connects the Stadshagen and Westenholte districts with the center and the ring road of Zwolle.
To the west of the Voorst industrial estate, the new Spoolder bridge has been built over the Zwolle-IJsselkanaal in the Westenholterallee, the connection between Stadshagen and Westenholte with the Zwolle ring road and the A28.
Streets
Perhaps the most famous street is Diezerstraat, because of the many shops located on it. This street is also very old. Traces from the Carolingian period have been found. The Grote Markt is one of the oldest squares located in the old center. The Korte Ademhalingssteeg forms the connection between the Grote Kerkplein and the Grote Markt. The name of the street refers to the fact that death row inmates took their last breath as they were led through this street to the Grote Markt and lost their lives on the scaffold.
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