The meteor that killed the dinosaurs was much smaller than the one that created the moon. In order to create such damage to make something as big as the moon you need something almost half the size of the earth, and that would have killed everything, not just the dinosaurs

5:30 The idea is that it's random mutations that enable individuals to do something others couldn't, something that gives them an advantage and leads to them reproducing more efficiently, thus the trait becomes common. Takes millions of years for some random freak to come along and turn out to be an improvement over the norm :P Then they just gotta multiply.

This guy is great. While he doesn’t know everything, he has a genuine curiosity and want to learn. He also asks great questions and uses great logic. Great video!

i love when people react to this vid because it really shows those who didnt pay that much attention in science class lol

21:45 deadass I choked on my tea at the mention of Hashirama bomb XD

“was it the hashirama bomb” lil bro been watching too many anime😭

5:18 Guys going on land probably started with fish living in shallow waters, and kind of scooting around in the most shallow areas. Those that could survive in areas that are more shallow get more food, and end up being more likely to make more fish that are more similar to them. Eventually, some started being able to quickly jump onto land, eat the food others couldn’t reach. Eventually, that turned into amphibians and stuff like that. Not just one fish changing like that all in one day, but one that was born slightly better at getting that food, and then being more likely to make a baby that is even better at it.

Love these random educational reactions every now and then, it changes it up💯

Theres no way this man said that the reason fish could go on land was because THE SUN moved back at 4:25

4:44 "how does [evolution] work?" Im not a professional but i am studying and this is one of my favourite subjects. Many people think evolution is "hey, we need this character trait in order to survive, time to spend millions of years developing it." Which isnt entirely incorrect but is the wrong approach, which ends up with people getting confused. It works the other way around, and remembering the phrase "survival of the fittest" is one of the easiest ways to explain it. Instead of species evolving the traits they require in order to survive, nature really just tries a bit of everything. Whatever survives long enough to successfully mate, passes their genes to the next generation. If one particular trait is very successful, it keeps getting passed down. Anything that cannot survive as they are, or traits that are unhelpful, die out and dont get passed down to the next generation. Picture this - the evolution of the giraffes long neck. Im not saying this is exactly how it went down, but this is the example that helped me understand evolution. Imagine there used to be a giraffe species that had shorter necks. But for whatever reason, the only plants they can eat are high up in the trees. Only the girraffes with the longest necks would reach the food, and the others would starve. Over time, the giraffes with the longest necks would pass down their genes to their offspring, creating more of them. And the shorter necked girraffes wouldnt get the chance to reproduce, reducing the short neck trait. Eventually, you're only left with the long necks. Recently, scientists are starting to realise that evolution doesnt have to happen over millions of years. It can happen quite quickly. Its usually based on the pressures of their environment. Imagine a species of moth with two different coloured traits. Most of the population are green, with only a few brown moths. As they can both camoflauge in the trees, they both survive just fine. Then, a massive wildfire dominates the landscape, charring all the trees and reducing the leaves to ashes. Out of the surviving moths, the green ones stand out a lot more, and are therefore more likely to be eaten by predators. If all the green moths get eaten, only the brown moths are left to reproduce. In a relatively short amount of time, the entire population could be brown.

Your question at 0:42 is a very good one, and something that even physicists don't actually know. However, they are working on it. at 4:08 that wasn't the ice age, but an event called snowball earth, which has been postulated to have ushered in a period known as the Ediacaran, which then led directly to the Cambrian explosion, which was where all major animal forms appeared (so chordates or animals with a spinal chord), segmented animals (so animals with a head something called cephalochordates), thorax and trunk). To answer your question at 5:07, evolution works on constant small changes to the population which become advantageous to the population. So in the case of what they call the 'fishibians' their gills became more concentrated with oxygen capturing villi. Then eventually these became so condensed that they could have formed very primitive lungs (similar to what you find in the lungfish today). The reason for this has been possibly linked to increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, raising temperatures and causing a greenhouse effect. Another reason could have been the divergence of apex predators such as the anomalocarids. Also whilst it may not seem like it, we are evolving. 20% of us are born without wisdom teeth now, some tribes in the Himalayas have evolved so that their lungs are better adapted to lower oxygen levels at altitude, and some in the Caribbean, have had specific genes called sonic hedgehog genes (which cause the breakdown of the skin between your fingers and toes) turned down to allow for webbing to appear, allowing these pearl fishers to be more efficient in water, when diving. at 06:39 you asked about the moon and the dinosaur extinction (KPg extinction event). The moon was formed ~4.51 billion years ago, after the earth was hit by a Mars sized planet called Thea. The KPg impactor was about 10 miles wide and hit a peninsula off of the east coast of Mexico in a place called Chixilub, which wiped out the non avian dinosaurs

Explaining how life came about is my favorite thing ever. Chemical evolution is so cool. To start you have to talk about the Urey-Miller experiment. Back in the 1950s these two biochemists did an experiment in which they took a containment chamber, filled it with water, ammonia, methane, hydrogen, and all the things you expect to find on any fledgling planet. All the things you would expect on any new Earths. They put a fire underneath so it would evaporate, go into another container to be zapped with electrodes, cooled, funneled back to the original container and cycles back through. They are simulating the patterns of an early Earth, and simulating all the elements you could find on Earth. You take early simple ingredients, get them hot, get them cold, zapped with lightning and other normal processes. They ran it for a while and when they come back they took samples. To their surprise, the water is no longer clear, but is a gross reddish brown. They test it and find it is now full of amino acids. Amino acids are the things that build proteins and make life happen. That is called chemical evolution. Very simple inorganic ingredients come together via totally natural means and form organic macromolecules. There are 4 macromolecules that make up life. Lipids, proteins, carbs and nucleic acids. Those are the 4 macromolecules that make up everything alive. Each one is a polymer meaning its a molecule that forms a chain. I'll explain each of these below: PROTEINS are made of chains of amino acids that fold up on themselves. A chain of amino acids is a primary structure. Then it folds into an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet called a secondary structure. Then it forms a glob called a tertiary structure. Sometimes some globs come together and thats then a quaternary structure and so on. Thats how proteins work. Proteins make up skin, muscle, bones, and everything like that. CARBS are sugars. Long chain simple sugars such as glucose or fructose. If you stick them together you get sucrose. A bunch of those together makes a polysaccharide. This makes carbs like starche, cellulose and such. LIPIDS are fats. You have a twisted hydrocarbon chain that repels water and thats a lipid. There are various kinds like phospholipids where a long hydrocarbon chain comes off it to repel water and on the other end is a phosphorus group that attracts water. This makes a hydrophilic and hydrophobic end. One attracts and one repels water. If you take any lipid like cooking oil for example and put it in water it forms a bubble all by itself. Nobody has to tell it to do that. That's because a sphere is the smallest possible surface area and is the most energetically protected from the water around it. It would take more energy to make any other shape and the universe is lazy. Everything is always as energetically simple as possible. Lipids that naturally form out of normal stuff under normal circumstances, naturally form spheres. Amino acids which make proteins that naturally form out of natural stuff can get stuck in one of these spheres, and you now have something that practically represents a cell. All this stuff formed by totally natural means and naturally assumes the shape of a sphere can naturally come together and form a cell. You can do this in a jar. Now imagine that on a planet taking place over millions of years. The Urey-Miller experiment has been redone in different ways many times by putting other things in, leaving some things out, and hundreds of combinations and it just always works. Later, we figured out this happens in hydrothermal vents. They pump out acids and bases. These have proton gradients. Whats that? Well an acid is a chemical with a bunch of extra protons and a base is something that doesn't have enough and has too many electrons. When they neutralize they give off electrical charges that move one place to the next. This is how your cells make energy today. Mitochondria pass protons across a membrane. This turns a protein called ATP synthesis which makes adenosine triphosphate and thats how our body works. It's how most cells today work. Where can we find natural proton gradients right now? Hydrothermal vents. Where can we find the building blocks of lipids and proteins? Hydrothermal vents. We can even find amino acids, including all the ones important to life, in space. Just floating on asteroids. They form naturally all by themselves all over. You have the building blocks of life, the thing that makes energy in cells even today happening naturally all by itself in hydrothermal vents and all over the universe. Life then starts all by itself. Now we also have NUCLEIC ACIDS, the 4th macromolecule, which is DNA and RNA. We do debate what came first, but the most common consensus is RNA came first. I also follow the RNA world hypothesis. Let me explain why. RNA is cool because it isn't just something that carries information, but it also works as a catalysts to make reactions happen. A catalysts is something that lowers the activation energy of a reaction. It makes a reaction happen easier and faster with less energy. So RNA carries genetic information, it can also make more of itself, and it can make other reactions happen faster. Think about how proteins are made in your body today. It's like this. You have mRNA(messenger RNA) that makes proteins happen. How? It goes to a ribosome to be read. What are ribosomes made of? They are made of rRNA(ribosomal RNA), and aren't membrane bound organelles. In the ribosome something brings over amino acids to make the protein. What brings them over? tRNA(transfer RNA). So when your body makes proteins it uses RNA to tell RNA to use RNA to make a protein. Again, you can do this in a jar. That is why the major consensus is that RNA came first. RNA is something that is so unbelievably useful. Why do we have DNA then? Because once it happened to form DNA was/is really good at long term storage and it's far more stable meaning it stuck around better. You can divide it, make more of it, pack it into a tight wad and have it twist around proteins called histones to makes a tight rope called chromatin, and then chromatin forms a body called a chromosome. Thats how DNA works. It wraps around proteins, wraps into a thick rope, and those thick ropes form a chromosome. It's super easy to divide these and split them up. Is it so hard to believe that some of these naturally forming nucleic acids found their way into a blob of naturally forming lipids? THEN they split, THEN you have 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell THEN cytokenesis happens where actin filaments tighten around the cell in a contractile ring, and remember lipids form bubbles naturally, so once squished together you now have a cleavage furrow that then splits into two seperate bubbles! You now have dividing life out of literally "nothing". It's not difficult at all to say that very simple ingredients found all over the universe that naturally form organic molecules by natural processes then naturally stated making more of themselves. You then get a VERY early organism. Something so insanely simple. Not bacteria, that would be unbelievably complex in comparison. Just a very simple membrane, very simple genetic material and very simple proteins. The very basics of all of this. That is what we call LUCA. There was probably a ton of very early life, but LUCA is the one that stuck around. Everything that ever lived past that point is related to LUCA. We have a very clear picture of how everything evolved after that. I can gladly get into that if anyone want me to. I'm an evolutionary biologist so this tickles me all over when I get to explain it.

13:00 To address this point, I think the problem tends to be when religion gets mixed up with politics. A lot of times in history, religion is adopted by governments as a way of uniting the people (so that everyone has a common belief in something, on what is right and wrong, on the view of the world or how the world should be, etc.), but the problem with governments is that historically they have also manipulated religion into something to pit people against each other when they wanted to do something and wanted to get people on their side for it (for example, conquering a land). Often these things have little to nothing to do with the actual religions themselves, which is also why we see IN-fighting among religions with different sects beefing with and killing each other. I think the same problem exists with race, sex, or really anything else that involves group distinction or an us vs. them mentality, and if religion didn't exist, people would find another reason to hate or kill each other over (as they already do), but religion is a common one that gets manipulated because it involves something as grand as how people understand the world and the human condition. If that makes sense.

5:07 The best way I can explain this is by saying nature isn't perfect. Like if it made something complex, it's gonna be pretty hard to replicate it. Pretty relatable. So there's bound to be mistake(mutations) some good and some bad. Sometimes, when shit happens, these mutations could be what makes a species survive. So those that don't survive, die, and those that survive because of their mutation gets to reproduce and pass on that mutation they just so happened to have and live on. So no, things don't just evolve whenever it suits them, it comes more from natural selection and genetic variation... if that makes sense

this guy really thought the dinosaurs lived without the moon💀

The "fish" of that time had a kid that could handle the air a little better than its parent due to a random mutation. It survived and had kids that shared its mutation. Keep having the best mutations survive and the worst mutations die, and you get evolution.

“Was it the hashirama bomb?” Yes followed by the tobirama Bomb later on(I’m sorry don 😅)

Honestly thought most of this was common sense but after hearing that “asteroid became the moon” thing I’m not gonna trust anyone anymore 💀

Didnt expect this, but this is one of my favorite videos so im down for it

We’re actually highly adaptable, I think what you’re thinking about are highly specialized species who have adapted to a particular environment. They’re actually more prone to extinction because they’re so specialized and dependent on their habitat.

I always think the reason people kill for religion is twofold. 1. Fear for their religion being wrong. 2. Control. The rulers of the religion don't want anyone else telling their people how to think.

6:33 The Dino killer meteor was but a grain of sand compared to what made the moon. Granted it was still estimated to be 5 miles wide, but tiny by comparison to the moon maker.

stuff like this has always been interesting to me but its more fun to see other people enjoy it and walk away feeling like they learned something new too. Science, history, space, all those things can be taught in such cool ways

I love how it took me years for me to study about SOME of this, but this guy explained it in 20 minutes 😂

Love watching you think about these concepts and thinking ab them myself. Throwing in these type of things is fun

Brother really talking about Britain being extra when America is the only country in the WORLD not using the metric system💀💀💀

humans are still evolving we’re just such a new species we haven’t changed much

This video (that you watched) isn't what I expected after the last one but it was easy to get into. It did move quickly! I anticipated another space-oriented video after the last one but I appreciate how the person who put this together was able to concisely capture all of the information presented; it's also cool to have a better idea of some parts of human history I didn't know (especially India, I feel like I didn't learn a whole lot about them in school?). I found your point about humans adapting the environment around them to be a really interesting one! I wonder if being able to process more complex information has had us evolve the environment instead of waiting for evolution to take place naturally/on its own? For instance, cheetahs aren't out there trying to build empires or invent rockets that go to space so I'd imagine their adaptation to environment tends to be on a more gradual scale than ours. I also wanted to comment briefly about you mentioning wars over religion: as I've gotten older, I've begun to hold the view that wars like that are usually about more than religion. Some reasons could include acquiring resources or even a desire for power (some folks seem to be especially into that); these aren't the only two reasons but it's what my mind can recall off the cuff. A lot of what I was taught about history growing up now feels like a righteous but not wholly honest telling of the world. An instance of that (which isn't religious but blew me away when I learned it) was about the use of m*thamphetamines in the Second World War. Politics aside, I didn't know it had been around that long or used militarily like that. I had a similar experience reading Viktor Frankl's book about that time (Man's Search for Meaning) and having to admit a portion of the victims adapted to the circumstances by becoming cruel themselves. I get it's not a pleasant truth but I felt more at peace with it, even though it was initially surprising. This hasn't diminished the positive in humanity for me; it's painted a picture I think is more honest for admitting the reality of the dark side with the same validity as I do for the light. (But I'm the sort of person who prefers the truth to a comforting lie - the latter has tended to make me feel dissatisfied rather than comforted.) ... All this to say that I think sometimes the topic of religion may have overshadowed a few of the other central issues at play in various historical wars. Anyway, thanks for another fun video!

humans are actually incredible at adapting not only because of our intelligence but also because our DNA actually changes to fit your environment, these would only be small changes and take time to make an effect but its the reason we can live in such diverse places. i also want to say that human civilization only goes back 100 thousand years but it takes millions of years to evolve, not to mention the fact that there used to be other species of humans such as the neanderthals and many others some of with had some form of civilization with jewelry and graves. if you want to see a bit of evolution over the course of our civilization, the average body temperature has dropped in the pass few decades, and looking at our early history we can see that we have gotten taller and our brains have gotten smaller. even though our brains have gotten smaller this doesn't impact our intelligence but rather our ability to process sensory input, this is because it is much easier to survive in modern civilization so we dont need to be able to detect predators from far away anymore. this is just my understanding so its probably not that accurate, so you should look into this yourself if you want to know more.

Evolving to have half flipper legs took fish Millions of years... Humans have been around for a couple hundred... thousand years. We have Evolved... To fight diseases and literally just having ancestry mixed from different parts of the world itself is evolution in progress.

i like that tons of people confuse the snowball earth for the ice age at the start of the video

6:44 he forgot that without the moon theres no waves and without waves theres no beaches

Great reaction bro, loved you in The Wire btw.

About the adapting: we humans don‘t need the little toe of our feet anymore. A long time ago we needed it when we walked on all 4 to balance better. But now the little toe is just useless. Literally. Its very possible that in the future we‘ll evolve to 8 toes on our feet

Common misconception about the "big bang" is that it was the beginning of everything. The problem with that thinking is you can then ask "what came before?" A great analogy I've heard from an expert went like this: "Asking what came before the big bang is like asking what is north of the north pole." Gravity stretches time, so if you could make time move in reverse just to see what happens before the big bang, your relative time frame would keep stretching, and you'd never actually get there.

I think my favorite random science trivia is that time travel(to the future) is actually real. And Albert Einstein predicted it over a hundred years ago. might be a bit of a stretch calling it time travel, but his theories of special and general relativity included the idea that gravity is not a tethering force between objects, but rather a consequence of the curvature of space-time( which are actually the same thing and not two separate concepts) in close proximity to objects of incredible mass. the most accessible demonstration of this concept, at least where the explanation of "gravity" is concerned, is covering a round empty container with a piece of stretchy fabric. If you place a heavy object in the center, like a large steel bearing ball, the fabric becomes distorted into a funnel-like shape by its mass, which causes other less massive objects sitting on the fabric to roll towards the middle. Now imagine that instead of only space, the fabric also represents time. the closer to the object of incredible mass, and the greater the mass of the object, the more spacetime becomes stretched and distorted. all of this is to say that if you could leave earth and go take a lap around a celestial body of incredible mass, such as a bigger sun, or a black hole, or even a supermassive black hole (there's one at the center of every galaxy) you would experience time differently than those who remained on earth. specifically time would move more slowly for you. You would not be able to perceive this difference whatsoever, but when you returned to earth, time would have advanced significantly faster. This concept is called 'time dilation' and it isn't a theory or a hypothesis, it's a proven fact. Scientists took two identical timepieces and synced them as perfectly as possible. They kept one on earth, and sent the other up to the international space station for a period of time. Eventually when they brought it back to earth, the clocks were no longer in sync. The one that went to the space station was faster by a predictable and measurable amount. It was a very small amount, but it still serves as tangible evidence. (it was further away from earth's center of mass and as such, experienced less time dilation than the one on earth) so yeah, if you accept a couple of limitations, time travel to the future is a real possibility. The obstacle right now is space travel and all the compound problems associated with that.

My guy really said "The Hashirama bomb"

6:42 the giant ball that hit earth and became the moon is way older, billions of years, the meteor that killed the dinossaurs is much more recent (and a lot smaller too) by the way, it didn't just instantly kill the dinossaurs, it changed the environment so much that the dinossaurs started dying it took something like 100 thousand years for the extinction (which is very very fast geologicaly)

Maybe you can react to VSauce :) If you want educational and scientific content, he is great! Nice video btw. This one and the Smash Bros Brawl caught me off guard but were dope hahaha

That wasn't the ice age he was talking about when the world was frozen, there was no life on land by that point lmao. Ice age came way later on.

The thing is animals have been around wayyyy longer than us so we haven't evolved much in recent history. Like as the video pits it, it took the fish 5 million years to be able to walk on land. Think about how long that actually is for a sec and it makes more sense

Damn I can't believe Hashirama did that to Japan, maybe Madara was right

Basically, different genes and mutations create variations in different parts that are slightly better for surviving than others. Slowly these genes become the norm as they get passed down. And this keeps happening until all of the mutations keep changing a certain part of the body to the point where it becomes an entire organ. And some mutations might have bigger changes than others.

One of the best videos to watch reactions to. Finally.

I love this channel I'm glad I found it I'm still relatively new to reaction content but I am the BIGGEST Bill Wurtz fan and I really like your style. You should check out Bill's music sometime! "I'm Scared" is probably one of my favs. Glad to be subbed!

This was such a treat 😁 You should watch one of those videos about planets outside of our solar system and how horrific they theorize them to be lol

I like how you don't know anything, but really really want to understand everything. It makes me smile

omg im so glad you reacted to this!

the moon formed long before the planet had life. it was a mars sized planet that hit earth, causing the entire planets solid mass to become liquid, and the moon formed from a small portion that was ejected and caught in our gravitational pull.

History oversimplified are some great videos for reactions. Also highly recommend the video "The fallen of WW2. Depressing, but it's to pay respect to those who died.

If you want to learn more about evolution, I'd recommend the youtuber Forrest Valkai, might be some interesting reactions there!

For the universe any Kurtzagt videos on the Fermi paradox would be fun 👀

OMG, I recommended this for you on the comments of "The Universe Is WAY BIGGER Than You Think!" video. You are amazing, glad you liked it.

People probably haven't changed that much due to the fact that we have existed for like 2 seconds lmao

The question at the start is basically the biggest question in science, the universe is currently expanding but one theory is that eventually it will start shrinking again into a tiny space until another big bang happens and everything restarts, so theoretically there’s infinite big bangs spanning back forever

Kurzgesagt has some really cool videos on the universe. Like the dark forest theory or their video about populations Mars.

ice age was later (~2 million years ago) snow ball earth was before the Cambrian explosion (650 million years ago) the meteorite that killed the dinosaur and the moon are also million years apart (the moon formed 4.51 billion years ago) non-avian* dinosaur died (approximately 66 million years ago)(*avian means bird so all birds are dinosaur) a decently popular theory is the big crunch as origin/ end. meaning that the big bang was a restart point and before the big bang their was just another universe and at the end everything will collide/ implode than explode in a new big bang making time a Cyclic thing.

The universe began, scientists believe, with every speck of its energy jammed into a very tiny point. This extremely dense point exploded with unimaginable force, creating matter and propelling it outward to make the billions of galaxies of our vast universe. Astrophysicists dubbed this titanic explosion the Big Bang.

In the case of fish making their way onto land the going hypothesis is that a bony fish that is a relative of Lungfish had been evolving the ability to hold itself up and had protolungs capable of surviving out of water for short periods of time as it went from tidal pool to tidal pool. It's niche would be in shallow costal lands that dried up occasionally. As photosynthesizers moved onto land it created additional niches for these lungfish to evolve into then boom, diversification

Super Enjoyable to watch more people learn or realize more about the world we live in. Small or Large.

certified top viewed don townsend video

You should read about survirvor bias and it would answer a lot of your questions about how things evolve into "greater" beings. This is 6 months late but I still recommend that you do.

I want to see you react to melodysheep. He's videos are amazing ! They might be a bit long but I think you would love it.

About the fish that got onto land (tiktaakik), the evolution does not work with an intention. Rather, the adaptations needed for land evolved under other pressures, like the presence of legs, which primarily probably evolved as a response to the need of proper locomotion in shallow/planted aquatic habitats. The way it works is, in resume, fish that has those muscular stumps can move better and catch more prey than others in it's environment, fish with neck can turn the head and catch more prey too, so these characteristics have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. Turns out that these characteristics are also advantageous for walking in land, and fish that managed to do that had access to more resources (bugs), thus being more likely to reproduce, and pass on. During this time, many mutations occur, but only the favorable ones were allowed to survive, reproduce, and fossilize. Ofc it's more complex than that but this is a KZfaq comment so I recommend giving a deeper look into how it works sometime, if you got interest.. Also, the fun part is that we predicted where Tiktaakik would be, based on other fossils, and found it exactly where it was calculated. We got some real precise shit on evolution nowadays xD

Yeah the evolution is interesting, and it'd be interesting to hear theories about how it will happen from now on, how will animals, people and plants change.

I would love talking about evolution with you because of your genuine curiosity

the leading theory for the big bang explosion is that at a certain point in time, all of the matter in the universe was packed into a space smaller than an an - day marble. Then, all of this suddenly pushed outwards, creating the universe

About the Big Bang: it's not so much that a "bang" started the universe, but that "the universe" including all of space and time as well as matter and energy, used to exist as a tiny point, and then it started getting bigger. The reason it did this is not known, but there's no reason to assume there was an outside force or cause. It's just what the universe appears to have done.

Fish found pools inland where it's safe to breed. Sometimes needing to cross small land bridges between pools. So evolution focused on larger more useful fins for pulling you along which developed into legs

lung fish are an example of fish that can also breathe air, currently biologists think ancient amphibians evolved in a similar way to lung fish (lung fish are not closely related to amphibians, they occupy a similar job in their environment to the ancestor of amphibians, so they have similar selection pressures)

You Should React to Oversimplified videos for example ww1 or the russian revolution you will love it is has alot of humour

You should react to the “Timelapse of the future” ITS AN AMAZING VIDEO, explaining what might happen in the future

5:06 i think bc so many of the said fish wanted to get on land and probably were trying for those millions of years they developed stuff to help

you can see the cogs turning in don head😂

I love how he didn’t know shit of this stuff like me I watched the video before just forgot every damn thing and I love the fact we were like “Persian empire made a new empire?” This guy is a legend for watching this.

Surprisingly accurate

I love how it was literally the history of the entire world, like if an alien were to find something after our civilizations are gone, i wish it was that video lol

About your question about the big bang: The best way I've heard it explained is that asking what happened before the big bang is like asking what's north of the north pole. It's a point of convergence, so the question itself doesn't actually make sense.

5:30 Fish species with larger fins than others happens to find food source on land but close to water, gives it an advantage over fish with smaller fins. Since it requires being in open air, fish of that species with mutations that make them SLIGHTLY able to absorb oxygen from air just like from water (Absorbing oxygen from air is actually VERY similar to absorbing it from water, in the grand scheme of things, thought it's a bit harder to go the other way around, hence whales still needing air ages after going back into the ocean) are more likely to survive, and that trait slowly grows stronger, and the organs responsible slowly begin to change. Over time, their eggs begin to change as well, adapting to shallower and shallower water, until they don't need external water to survive. Fins get more and more adapted to land, gills slowly become proto-lungs, then lungs, scales change function, eyes adapt to different wavelengths of light, and they find ANOTHER adaptation more likely to make them survive. Life is a constant arms race, the only rule is procreate more than you die.

we acutally are adapting infront of our eyes right now. some people are losing a tendon in their arms (it doesnt really matter that much)

so basically for lungs like the ones we have form fish needed to hold their "breath" to go and eat higher nutrient foods on land or to avoid predators. so the more generations that survived like that started growing water sacks to store extra water to keep around the gills and over time those sacks started to also be able to take oxygen as a gas instead of a liquid.

A great cartoon show would be "American Dragon: Jake Long"

I have a perfect one for you called "Timelapse of the future: a journey to the end of time" Super spacy

"They both get angrier" yeahhh they're REALLY angry now

at around 5:30, humans have only been around for about 1 million years (according to fossile records) and we are pretty well adapted physically, our hands are a huge advantage as they are more mobile then other animals, as are our shoulders, which allows us to throw farther then any other animal, we also have the best physical endurance, most animals are stronger and faster, but we can run further distances and lift heavy objects for longer periods of time. in addition to our advance social structures and intelligence.

5:04 it's literraly just random mutations and by the end it slowly happens by accident, that's why it takes like 500 million years for a fish to go on land or an animal to fly, there has to be an enormous sequence of coincidences that result in a bunch of mutations that BY MERE CHANCE is better for the survival of that (new) species

Regarding your first question about the beginning of the big bang. We don't really have a definite answer, but some good theories. A few of these are, The idea of all the universal mass was focused into a singularity, and exploded into the universe, and over time will collapse due to gravity back into a singularity, restarting the cycle. (Although this could be disproven due to the universe constantly expanding). Another is that our 3-Dimemsional reality exists with the singularity of a black hole that formed in a higher 4th Dimension, explaining why we can't travel into them, as for us, we would not survive in a 2-Dimensional universe. Another is that the observable universe as we know it is the result of an explosion of an incomprehensibly large Star-like object. Think how stars today explode, emit particles which form structures, and eventually a new solar system or black hole, etc. Unfortunately all these answers are paradoxical in nature, but that's something you have to realise might be an inherent feature of our universes existence.

Pls watch his prequel to this video History of Japan! It’s also so good❤ And for more space/history knowledge, Carl Sagan’s show “Cosmos” is awesome and educational

The evolution thing makes sense when you think the fish started using their fins as legs and they changed shape to be better at moving on land. The time from a fin to something that could even support its weight would be tens of thousands of years.

5:31 The ice ages came much later. At first it was "snowball earth." 10,000 years seem to be the minimum time needed for a species to develop into something different. Scientists found that out by fossils and where a species was separated by the continents splitting. Then Darwin did his study of birds on the Galapagos islands where birds specialized. Take a look at Australia to see how isolation can change living organisms to be the only ones of their kind on the planet.

21:44 not the hashirama bomb lmfaooooo. Apperantly the first hokage wiped out hiroshima lmaooo.

“Selling lots of Gold… and slaves” Don: oh nice!

21:45 yeah the hasirama bomb secret weapon of the senju clan😂

Most people would say believing in a higher power/entity in a non-religious way would be agnostic. Some people call it cop-out atheism, and that's fine too. Basically, if there's no god, you win the "I told you so" contest and if there is a god, you still win.

0:37 yeahh that's the mindbending thing about trying to conceive of a time before time. string theory seeks to explain it, but we haven't been able to reconcile string theory with what we know about our universe. the explanation i usually land on is just that the notion of "causality" is actual part of our universe. whether there was just a different universe before the big bang, or an incomprehensible void, it's safe to say that natural laws like causality simply didn't exist then; nothing caused the big bang because there was no such thing as "cause and effect" back then. even calling it "back then" as though it existed in time is probably wrong, we just don't have the language to talk about it

"I thought the thing that hit the dinosaurs became the moon" 😂😂😂... bro... there'd be no survivors

The craziest, is that we still carry many things with us, from the past. Awareness of our surrounding, with a full moon. That feeling when your at a campfire, with friends. Even your hickup is from primeval times, that's the system from when "We" still had gills. That's just a few.

5:50 the theory of evolution is that groups of animals developed certain beneficial mutations which helped them to survive. Imagine, there was one species looking for food. Some of them were actively hunting while others decided that it's easier to take away someone else's prey. Over time they'd start drifting apart because they found their niche and adapted to become dominant in that niche. The one group would start showing signs of increased speed and durability while the others become bulkier with stronger jaws to break bones. And millions of years later you find animals that resemble wolves and hyenas (not actual biology in that last sentence). You might want to react to the TierZoo channel, they explain evolution as if it was some sort of MMORPG game

11:52 Video: "...selling a lot of gold... and slaves" Don: "Oh nice!" XD

Fun fack , humans from like 25,000 years ago , and even from a couple hundred(the english Renaissance) had more brain volume than humans nowadays by 200 cubic centimeters, that is a big evolutionary change for how short of a time it happened in. For reference, 200 FC is equal to about the size of a tennis ball, cc=cubic centimeter btw