That was just incredible (with slower speed ha ha) with everything explained while getting the perfect visual in real time.. BRAVO and THANK YOU!!!

For those complaining about the VIDEO SPEED. On the lower right corner of the video screen, there is a settings button. click on it, then select a slower speed. Thank you Dr. Glass. Very helpful.

This was perfect! I broke my ankle & was looking for understanding of ROM and why some ROM hurts and others don't. Thank you for this video!

Excellent presentation! Our anatomie is simply amazing.

Very informative animation and narration. One of the best I've ever watched.

Great video. Good speed of audio too, gets the information out quickly and clearly. Screw those plebs below that don't know how to use a pause button. I came to visually learn about how the bones function throughout movement and you gave me everything I needed. Thank you!!

I know this is an old video and my use of it has nothing to do with the intent, but I just wanted to comment and say I appreciate the hell out of this video. I've been working on a 3d character for a comic I want to make, and I'm going into WAY too much detail with it(fully rigging all of the bones, muscles, and fat. Most of it will never be seen in the finished product, I just like knowing it's all there). I refuse to make all of the foot bones act as one static piece, but it's been hard to find reference that shows how the tarsals actually move in relation to each other, until this. This is GOLD.

We hope to be making some more Orthopedic related videos in the future. 3D is a great way to tell the story, indeed. Thanks!

Thank you Dr Glass for your effort to illustrate this complex part of the human anatomy.

For subtalar joint: OS: open chain supination For OS remember IPAD i.e Inversion, plantarflexion, adduction OP:open chain Pronation For OP Remember EDAB i.e eversion, dorsiflexion, abduction CS: closed chain supination For CS remember IDAB i.e inversion, dorsiflexion, abduction CP: closed chain Pronation For CP remember EPAD i.e eversion ,plantarflexion, adduction. Hope this helps if you get question from subtalar biomechanics in NPTE

Excellent. I learned a lot from this.

Wonderful explanation. I've always found the ankle complex to be super confusing due to multiple joints/things happening at forefoot vs midfoot vs rearfoot. After watching this video, it is starting to make sense!!!

I honestly love the complexity of the foot

AMAZING VIDEO AND EXPLANATION!

Thanks, I'm a Physical therapy student and this is helpful in understanding the complexities of ankle motion.

By far this the best video .congrats

I actually didn't find it too fast and there's an option to slow down/speed up anyways. Speed was perfect for quick revision! Great video

Not neccessarily, Alexander. The hips work in synergy with the muscles of the leg and feet to alter the posture and provide propulsive leverage during walking, etc. In fact, at closed chain ambulation, the calcaneus moves very, VERY, little. Have you ever examined a live flouroscopy of the foot during a gait cycle?

Really got a lot from this. I am Podiatry student so this was spot on. Speed I found ideal - I generally have to speed videos up as they drive me crazy playing slow

THANK YOU. learned more from this video than class!!

Great videos, great explanation, LOVE THIS, thanks for your time with these

Amazingly concise and well articulated explanation of ankle biomechanics! I like your fast rate of speech, it is helping me improve my fluency with ankle terminology. It complements my coursework beautifully.

it took me a lot of time to understand what was being said but it was worth it:))) thankss

Do you have transcripts for any of your presentations? I think the speed is just fine for individual learners, who can pause, replay, etc. Having a transcript would help with the process, and for quick reference.

I've been a practicing physician for slightly over 34 years.. This presentations' delivery was FAR too fast for any student or house-staff in training or even fora young graduate to assimilate in any way , much less with any degree of retention.Upon review of other practitioners ' comments which echo my same sentiments , have you considered slowing down the rate of the audio ?? I tried x 3 to listen to this , but finally gave up inspite of the excellent content..

Saw a Dr snap the subtalar joint on IG so now im convinced I should have been a bone doctor. This is pretty cool!

These videos have been helpful during some of my teaching in our Orthopedic Residency program for physical therapy students and residents!

this animation is incredibly useful! thank you!

Gracias por el video ¡ Thanks for the video, its very helpfull.

Thanks for the upload 👍 !! I just had a retrograde ankle fusion 6 months ago !!

Play the video at x0.75 speed... she sounds a bit drunk but it's way more comprehensible and easier to follow than the actual speed

Could this have been any more rushed

this video is simply awesome!!!! very very helpful! =)

great video your video quality is also good and explanation way too

Excellent video, though I echo the others who have said that the narration was too quick. I'm on my first leg (so to speak) of my PT training. I wish there was an overall resource like this for personal trainers in training. Thanks for posting this.

art. calcaneonavicularis is a stabilizing joint but the calcaneus moves a lot compared to the tibia, the calceneus moves together with other joints and is connected to a complex kinematic chain. it begins at art. talonavicularis and the cuneiforms where the movement is converted. the calcaneus has an important function in guiding forces from foot to the leg. that's why the calceneus does make little movements, it's stabilizing nature.

great video. ill watch this every day until i understand

Thank you for this video! Just please slow down for the next ones? Or have more pauses to let our brains absorb what you say. Information overload!

Have you considered publishing a controlled study on your findings? Indeed it would be nice to see how well it compares to medical literature.

I'm glad you enjoyed this video. We hope it will be useful to you in your career.

No, I suggest you review the wikipedia article for Pronation of the Foot. (/Pronation)

that was a very helpful demonstration, thank you!

Intelligent design!!

@5'42'' you say that supination is caused by the calceneus. It is not a cause but a result of endorotation in the hip which causes the knee to rotate inwards with shear on the meniscii and endorotation in the lower leg, the calceneus is forced to go inward and causes the foot to pronate. Also the first toe is predisponed to get in bad 'valgus' position.

I can understand. What we do is record the audio and then go back through it and take out the areas of "dead space" in order to condense. The reason is that our videos are rendered at 30 frames per second, and each frame can take upwards of 4 minutes to render. Do the math, and you'll see that a 7 minutes worth of audio are a lot easier to do than 9 or 10. We might have got a little over zealous with it this time, but our most recent two videos were edited a little better in my opinion.

Видеоряд отличный, но таблица со всеми углами обоих суставов в зависимости от открытой и закрытой цепи сделало бы общую картину более ясной. Качество перевода сети оставляет желать много лучшего.

loved this - thought that the speaking was a little too fast though... brilliant graphics :)

Thanks ryguy!. We're currently working on the joints in the forefoot. Stay tuned, because we hope to have the next orthopedics video out before long.

Nice video. Is it practical possible for the subtalar axis to deviate 48 degrees from the frontal plane, at the same time as it deviates 16 degrees from the sagittal plane? The two planes in the video makes 90 degrees to each other. The explanation of the joint motion is perfect!

I appreciate this excellent video which demonstrates the utter impossibility of evolution from a quadruped. These mechanisms are SO well crafted that I must give the MasterDesigner utmost thanks. It's a shame the author probably believes these biomechanics evolved by impossible mutations. But the video is awesome!

It's difficult to say, without an xray or clinical exam. I would suggest they followup with a foot and ankle specialist. Chances are, though, that the "bone chips" you're referring to are either arthritic osteophytes or an accessory bone (ie Os Tibiale Externum)

@alo0o0sh1 I'm glad you enjoyed it. I hope the exam went well!

Posterior Tibial Pathology can have a wide range of presentations and severity. A subtalar fusion is not always the first line treatment for this condition, but when performed, will help to reduce the valgus strain on the rearfoot. It may be done in conjunction with a tendon transfer, augmentation or Talo-navicular joint fusion.

Sweet! I'm a PT student trying to get normal dorsiflexion back 3 mo after a fibular fracture. The limitation feels like there's more strain in the talofibular jt (anterior ankle) instead instead of in the achilles T.

Great vid...I have no degrees and was able to understand most of it..I did have to whip out the dictonary though...thx.

A full transcript is on the website. The data is published in Valmasseys lower extremity biomechanics.

Dr Glass, I do enjoy your videos, however you do speak quite fast which makes it a little difficult to keep up with you. However video's are very educational and informative. Thank you

Dr. Glass, this is great stuff! Thank you so much for posting. It is an amazing teaching tool with the visuals.

I can agree with your notion, to some extent. I feel it is a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic muscle strength to condition good, functional posture. Hip and core muscle strength are under appreciated in patients and care providers alike.

Cool!! We are amazingly made!! :)

My reference is not a single article, it is a conclusion from neurology, embryology, kinesiology and biomechanic as well as orthopedic anatomy. Learned from prof Rozendaal and dr jaap van der wal. I was first educated in physical therapy and after that I've studied movement science.

The foot is a masterpiece of the Nature.

Dr Glass, when you speak of rotation of the leg, it specifically indicates te movements of the hip. It is silly to use shoes or soles to stabilise the foot, instead of giving support, you have to train the hip rotators and the lower leg muscles and the footmuscles. by giving the feet stability, the problems will insist and even get worse. stand on your extended legs with your feet exactly straight forward and press the first joint of the first toe hard down while rotating the kneecaps outward..

try this; stand as you set your feet exactly straight forward, pull your toes up but keep the ball of the first toe on the floor. while standing, rotate the kneecaps outward but keep the feet in their position. the foot will be in supination while stabilizing on the heel. the vmo will be activated at the knee and the hips are in exorotation to keep supination in the feet. the ankles, knees and hips are activated. try this just a couple of minutes a day and solve a lot of foot- and kneeproblems

Can anyone tell me if this series is done on the whole body? I'd love a video series like this as I'm a personal trainer.

I wanted to understand movement of the foot better to apply to my walking but all I got was that calcaneous moves around a stationary talus during pronation and supination, which actually was very useful to me, but I want to apply that to walking.... I will rewatch it in a slower speed. I also recently learned of the transverse arch in the foot and have come to question how weight should be transferred over the toes along the tranzverse arch. In my walking the jointz of my pointer and middle finger fall down and touch the ground and it feels uncomfortable and it begs the question if my feet need strengthening along thay arch. Anyways thanks for the awesome video I didnt think I would find something this informative.

Yeah, we learned a LOT of lessons from this video. Namely the speed and pace of the narration. If you look at some of our recent videos, you'll notice we tried to improve this aspect. Live and learn

@kcampbell10408 Remember: the other joints in the foot will be able to take up the slack once the Subtalar is fused. Not all motion is lost.

@miketysonjunior That's actually my fault. I was fairly new to audio editing back when this video was in production. Hopefully I've gotten a little better since then. Sorry about that

@scavenski It's a lot to take in. Biomechanics is arguably the most complex subject in Podiatric Medical school.

one of the best video youtube have ever seen. thank you!! ;-)

beautiful and amazing video..! great help..! thnk u

@sickofdao motion of inversion and eversion is in the frontal/coronal plane. This plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the foot.

Wow! At 0,75 x speed I actually understood some of the parts!

@cr0uchingtiger This and the cardinal anatomical planes are all we've done. It would be nice to make more of these, but the "DrGlass video podcast is focused on the lower extremity, primarily.

Absolutely nailed it!!!!

really good animations! very helpful for a PT student. The speech was delivered too quickly though.

its just awesome.......................

Can you please explain the concave-convex rule of the talocrural joint? Because I think it's pretty difficult than the other joints in our body because of the open en closed chain movements. How is the concave-convex rule in open chain movement and how is it in the closed chain movement?

I'm glad you enjoyed this video. To answer your question, "Yes" we do have a video to illustrate this concept. It is our one titled "Midfoot Compensation" It shows how an Equines Contracture or Tight Heel Cord can eventually lead to a breakdown at the midtarsal joint (Chopart) as well as a compensatory Eversion/Pronation at the subtalar joint

One movement that is almost never talked about is the combination of plantar flexion and eversion. This motion is always used when turning while walking or running about.

@ruksih Thanks. We'll work to improve the voice mastering in future videos. Glad you enjoyed it

Dude, don't make us physical therapists look bad. Thanks for the great videos, Dr. Glass.

@luv2bac I'm really glad you enjoyed it. Hope it helps

I agree a lot with what you are saying. I feel orthotics are able to help many biomechanical scenarios, however, there are some conditions in which they may provide minimal assistance at best. The forces through the hips and upper kinetic components is very powerful. I would like to know which textbooks or published literature you reference for this discussion. My work is derived from Dr. Roots Biomechanics and Valmassy's Textbook.

@Adomiso You may benefit from strengthening and physical therapy. An ankle, after a break, is not likely to be 100% thereafter

@ing13920 The transcript for the video is over at the DrGlass(dot)org page associated with that video. It has all the narration available. Thanks!

@querida1314 I'm glad you enjoyed it. -Nick

This vido is very useful and interesting, but the biomechanics reference URL is not availible. So could you share the reference material again?

@speedchain111 The software used for these videos is Lightwave 3D by NewTek. It is an all-in-one package, which I love

@yanny419 Absolutely. I think that would have been a better way to show things. In the later videos for the Lauge Hansen series, I used arrows and visuals a bit more intuitively

It was nice but would have been more helpful if it was slow paced however reading kisner and then watching this video does make some sense together

so, is Dorsi flexion in the Front plane? and axis? because I have a presentation to do and I'm slightly confused of what the plane is

@janehcro Thank you. I'm hoping to have some more Biomechanics before long.

great detail! thanks!

@DrGlassDPM Motion about an axis is perpendicular to the plane itself.

excellent, thanks a lot

What program are you using to create these wonderful animations?

How Much Motion is Taken away by a Sub Talar Fusion and with a repositioning of the Calcaneus ?

@MrGsteyr I'm sorry about the audio quality. This is something I've been working to improve with future projects