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What is Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)?
By Shilavadra Bhattacharjee | In: Marine Navigation | Last Updated on August 31, 2021
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The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a development in the navigational chart system used in naval vessels and ships. With the use of the electronic chart system, it has become easier for a ship’s navigating crew to pinpoint locations and attain directions.
ECDIS complies with IMO Regulation V/19 & V/27 of SOLAS convention as amended, by displaying selected information from a System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC). ECDIS equipment complying with SOLAS requirements can be used as an alternative to paper charts.
Besides enhancing navigational safety, ECDIS greatly eases the navigator’s workload with its automatic capabilities such as route planning, route monitoring, automatic ETA computation and ENC updating. In addition, ECDIS provides many other sophisticated navigation and safety features, including continuous data recording for later analysis.
The ECDIS utilises the feature of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to successfully pinpoint the navigational points. It also has to be noted that the ECDIS adheres to the stipulations set by the International Maritime Organisation, and thus it adds to the trustworthiness of the electronic chart system.
ECDIS is basically a navigational information system, interfaced with other navigational equipment such as the GPS, Gyro, RADAR, ARPA, Echo Sounder etc.
ECDIS also incorporates and displays information contained in other nautical publications such as Tide Tables and Sailing Directions and incorporates additional maritime information such as radar information, weather, ice conditions and automatic vessel identification.
Advantages of ECDIS over paper charts
All information is processed and displayed in real-time
It eases the process of passage planning
One can get all necessary navigational information at a glance
Alarms and indications are in place to indicate and highlight dangers
Chart correction is made easier in ECDIS as compared to paper charts
Charts can be tailored as per the requirement of the voyage
Other navigational equipment such as the AIS, ARPA etc can be overlayed and integrated
Charts can be oriented as per requirement
With the facility to zoom in and out, features can be examined as per necessity
One can obtain a more accurate ETA
Charts can be interrogated for detailed information
All in all, it enhances the safety of navigation
Types of ECDIS charts
Raster Chart (RNC): RNCs are a direct copy or a scan of the paper charts. It looks identical to a paper chart as all the information shown is directly printed. The chart only grows larger or smaller as per the zooming and when rotated, everything rotates.
Vector Chart (ENC): ENCs are computer-generated charts. The details on an ENC can be turned on and off depending on the requirement of the user. Objects on the ENC can be clicked for more details on the same. Depths can also be monitored to obtain a warning with regard to grounding. When zooming, the features grow large or small but the text remains the same.
An Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a geographic information system used for nautical navigation that complies with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations as an alternative to paper nautical charts. IMO refers to similar systems not meeting the regulations as Electronic Chart Systems (ECSs).[1]
An ECDIS system displays the information from Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) and integrates position information from position, heading and speed through water reference systems and optionally other navigational sensors. Other sensors which could interface with an ECDIS are radar, Navtex, Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), and depth sounders.
In recent years concerns from the industry have been raised as to the system's security especially with regards to cyber attacks and GPS spoofing
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