Odissi is one of the classical dance forms of India, originating from the eastern state of Odisha. Known for its grace, fluidity, and expressive movements, Odissi has a rich history that dates back to ancient times, with roots in the temples and religious rituals of Odisha.
Key Features of Odissi Dance:
1. **Sculptural Poses**: Odissi is characterized by its static poses, reminiscent of the sculptures found in the temples of Odisha. These poses are called "Bhangis" and are integral to the dance's aesthetic.
2. **Tribhanga**: A signature posture in Odissi is the "Tribhanga," where the body is divided into three bends at the neck, torso, and knee, creating a serpentine, graceful stance.
3. **Mudras**: Hand gestures, known as mudras, play a crucial role in Odissi, used to convey emotions, stories, and symbolism.
4. **Abhinaya**: The expressive component of Odissi, "Abhinaya," involves facial expressions and body language to narrate stories, usually derived from Hindu mythology, especially the tales of Lord Krishna.
5. **Costume and Makeup**: The traditional Odissi costume includes a brightly colored silk sari, adorned with elaborate silver jewelry. The makeup highlights the dancer's eyes to emphasize expressions.
6. **Music**: Odissi dance is performed to Odissi music, which is a mix of classical ragas and traditional folk tunes of Odisha. The rhythm and melody of the music are intricately linked with the dance movements.
7. **Mangalacharan**: The dance often begins with a "Mangalacharan," an invocatory piece that includes a prayer to the gods, the audience, and the earth.
Historical Background:
Odissi dance has its origins in the ancient temples of Odisha, where it was performed as a sacred ritual by the Maharis (temple dancers). With a history that dates back to the 2nd century BCE, the dance form has evolved through the centuries. The decline of temple dancing during the colonial period led to a near extinction of the dance form, but it was revived in the mid-20th century through the efforts of gurus and enthusiasts who redefined and re-established it as a classical dance form.
Today, Odissi is celebrated both in India and internationally for its technical rigor, beauty, and profound expressive capacity. It continues to be a vibrant and evolving dance form, drawing inspiration from its deep roots while embracing contemporary interpretations and innovations.