In 1157, Henry the II, king of England, would continue a long-standing tradition in Welsh history by invading Wales. Although the history of Wales is often marked by the military disputes between the kings of Wales and the kings of England, it is not often that such a dispute results in almost total destruction for the superior force.
Owain Gwynedd, prince of Gwynedd (and soon to be named Prince of Wales) was an important figure in Welsh history, and his actions at the battles I am showing in this video (Coleshill, Ewloe, and Tal-y-Moelfre) would forever mark a change in the history of Wales. Today, this Celtic army would attempt to hold its ground against a significantly superior English force, today, the king of Gwynedd would prove his right to title himself as the first Prince of Wales. And today, the armies of Wales would demonstrate that they could, and would, stand and defend their homes.
The prowess of these forces would determine if the history of Wales would continue to follow the road of subjugation, or if this Welsh kingdom could stand up to its Goliath.
Sources (turn on captions):
Maund, K. (2006). The Welsh Kings. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: The History Press Ltd, pp.90-97, 164-166.
[1]p.90-97
[2]p.166
[3]p.164
Davies, S. (2014). War and Society in Medieval Wales 633-1283 Welsh Military Institutions. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp.35, 44, 62, 68-71, 98-106, 112.
[4]p.35
[5]p.44
[6]p.62
[7]p.68-69
[8]p.69
[9]p.70-71
[10]p.98
[11]p.99-106
[12]p.112
Lloyd, J. E. (1911). A History of Wales, Vol. 2. London: Longmans, Green and Co., pp.494-500.
[13]p.494
[14]p.495-496
[15]p.496
[16]p.497
[17]p.498
[18]p.499
[19]p.500
Williams ab Ithel, J. (1860). Brut y Tywysogion. London: Longman, Green, Longman & Roberts, years: 1146, 1149, 1156.
[20]1146
[21]1149
[22]1156
Owen, A. (1864). Brut y Tywysogion. Archaeologia Cambrensis, X, years: 1146, 1150, 1156.
[23]1146
[24]1150
[25]1156
[26] Davies, J. (2007). A History of Wales. London: Penguin, p.152
[27] Stubbs, W. (1874). The Constitutional History of England, Vol. 1. Oxford: Claredon Press, p.589.
[28] Pryce, H. (1998). Owain Gwynedd and Louis VII. The Welsh History Review, 19(1), p.20.
Map:
© OpenStreetMap contributors, licensed under CC BY-SA: www.openstreetmap.org/copyright.
www.floodmap.net/
Music:
'Out of the Skies, Under the Earth', 'I Don't See the Branches, I See the Leaves', 'But Enough About Me, Bill Paxton' by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: chriszabriskie.com/dtv/
Artist: chriszabriskie.com/
Images:
Henry II - National Library of Wales.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4670851
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn - National Library of Wales.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4787807 (p.90)
King Stephen - National Library of Wales.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4672024
Owain Gwynedd - National Library of Wales.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Licensed under CC0 1.0 - creativecommons.org/share-you...
Skull and Crossbones - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sk...
"Blason ville 44 La-Marne" by Glesker - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/...
"Coat of arms of Powys" by Alex D - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
Hawarden Castle - National Library of Wales.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4690846 (p.94)
Rice ap Gryffydd - National Library of Wales.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4702869
"Marquess of Hertford" by Tinynanorobots - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
Ship - National Library of Wales.
hdl.handle.net/10107/4690846 (p.47)
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