Those fish were smart to go back into the water just look at their cousins now having to work 8 hours a day and dealing with things like depression

I’m afraid I won’t be satisfied until paleontologists find “true” fishopods, animals whose feet are actual fish.

**Qikiqtania wakei crawling out of the sea** **Sees 2.7m Tiktaalik** ‘Ight imma head out

Other fishes: how was land? Qikiqtania’s ancestors: 7.8/10 too much land

The intelligent one

"Many were increasingly of the opinion that they’d all made a big mistake in coming down from the trees in the first place. And some said that even the trees had been a bad move, and that no one should ever have left the oceans." Douglas Adams

Qikiqtania wakei had the right idea. Their lineage only needed to take a couple of steps onto land before realizing that this path would eventually lead to the invention of taxes. I'm proud of them and I envy them.

I love how she said 'who we had to thank .. or blame.. for the transition to land', knowing full well that tiktaalik meme 😅

_Qukiqtania crawls out of the water and sees land arthropods. Slowly backs up into the water_

I always kinda though tiktaalik looked like it could never actually kill anything with it's dopey looking head and jaws. Rather, the prey realize it's just been caught by the gooberiest looking salamander-fish, be like 'awh seriously, how's this happened' and just loose the will to live in a slimy embrace.

I had no idea Tiktaalik was so huge, I always imagined them at the size of a giant salamander at most, but I wasn't expecting an alligator sized fish

The idea that evolution is just winging its entire job weirdly gives me hope for my future.

I read an entire book about tiktaalik and no one EVER mentioned how big it was. I have been thinking this entire time that this creature was a cute little salamander maybe a foot long maybe two feet long, but almost 9 feet long???

From a historian's point of view, this is a really cool illustration of fallacy of sorts that's really easy to fall into: In fields like national history or history of technology (and many others, I'm sure), one is tempted to only look at the path that worked, which makes it feel almost preordained: "This modern nation state was the direct and single logical continuation of this medieval rulership". "This idea/technology is based on this one and that one, and its advent was basically inevitable". No, it wasn't.

Well, I've always seen my life as kind of a landfish-out-of-water story.

Some time ago, I was active in a fiction writing community. It's shocking how many well read individuals thought evolution, technology etc worked like a computer game with hardcoded, linear options to choose from and improve your species. Kind of wish this video came out for referencing before I quit that thing

I think with the lungfish being our closest extant (living) non-tetrapod ("fish") relatives they definitely deserve a PBS Eons video of their own! The coelacanths are also fascinating fish and also deserve a PBS Eons video, but they split off from the tetrapods *BEFORE* the lungfish did.

I think most depictions of Tiktaalik don't do it's size justice. I've always had the impression that it was an arms length long.

Ancient whales : "yeah those guys were onto something"

I had no idea Tiktaalik was such a recent discovery. It was something that was in a lot of the books I read as a kid, probably only a few years after it was discovered. Really shows how important it was.

That fish was like "reject humanity, return to fish"

Could the reason Qikiqtania turned around been because a new environmental niche opened up? Like legs were developed while they were a lesser predator and constrained to hunting in shallow water, but then the larger predator died out allowing Qikiqtania to take advantage of the more bountiful open waters

Wow, I never knew that tiktaalic was so big. Just thought it was like 40-50cm or something like that.

These fish lived in a tidal river delta. They would get trapped in tide pools that shrank over time before the tide came back, so they had to go over the muddy land to get back into water. The ones who could do this survived.

Can't help feeling like the ones who went back into the water ended up making the smarter decision in the long run - the really, REALLY long run!

As land fish aren’t we kinda reverse mermaids

this video gives me a similar feeling to watching scishow in 2016-17. i really enjoy the energy the hosts bring to the episodes, and i enjoy the work Eons has done to set a specific familiar tone

Weren't there already giant insects inhabiting dry land at the time? I would have noped out too.

Tiktaalik is one of my all-time fave Old Bois, and I love learning more about them

"This fish crawls out of the ocean; now I have to pay rent and taxes" Qikiqtania: "not my fault."

5:29 one of the most misunderstood parts of evolution so enthusiastically explained! 7:40 even more to the point!

presenter has the coolest vibe as they explain; 10/10

Hello my fellow landfish

Wow! I'm glad you guys came up north for this exact reseach I didn't know was in my home territory of Nunavut. We have a lot of space here and not many people with the proper research capabilities to trace fossils and artifacts as much around here in the north. It was exciting to watch and learn from you guys! Big thanks PBS Eons!!

These fins were made for walkin' And that's just what they did One of these days these fins were gonna walk all over earth

Tiktaalik: Let's check out this land thing Qikoqtania: RETURN TO FISH

I'm reminded of a tiktaalik meme.... "If you see a Horrid Beast evolving, *PUSH IT BACK IN*"

It would be a bit different for the channel, but I'd love to hear more about how the researchers interact with the native communities to get the permission or support to their research in the field, and about search campaigns in general.

This is the only channel where I regularly rewind to double, sometimes tripple, check if I heard things right and pay really close attention. I love this stuff. If I had somehing like this 15 yrs earlier in my life I'd be somewhere else right now doing something completely differrent

Wasn't expecting my existence as a land fish to be validated today but I'm here for it.

Ostriches can probably feel a kinship bond with the way of thinking of these little fellas.

honestly it makes a lot of sense for something bearing that low-belly body plan to have an equally easy time developing in either direction without risking too much, especially that early on.

I'm with these guys. I want to evolve back to water-dwelling too. Dry land sucks.

Awesome. It is true that in school we are usually given that idea of evolutionary progression from one form to the next, but it is really just change based on the environment and competition, isolation, etc. and whatever is currently available.

I just watched your inner fish in my anthropology class. It’s a documentary about Neil shubin and his trams expedition in the Arctic and their discovery of tiktaalik

Shout-out to progressive metal guitarist Charlie Griffiths and his album Tiktaalika for getting me to read about this guy earlier this year.

Thnx for all your work!

YEEESSS IM SO HAPPY YOU MADE A VIDEO ON QIKIQTANIA!!!!!!!!! SUCH a fascinating fish but it doesn't seem to see all that well known :( i really hope you make more videos about the fish - tetrapod transition!!!

It's so cool thinking about how branchy evolution can be. Seeing this as yet another example just makes me appreciate how crazy long the Earth is, and the amount of time life has been around, constantly evolving. And creatures like these were all just living their lives, for all this time.

Scientifically accurate and valid: *Mermaids*

That one mermaid documentary be like:

Could you imagine seeing Arthropods in the water and being like "Yea, I'll just go back to the water and take my chances!"

I LOVE fishapods like Tiktaalik & Qikiqtania, and Neil Shubin, who I ACTUALLY heard speak at Ohio University!!! 😍😊

Thanks for the video!!

This is very interesting. And can be quite confusing!!! Thank you Michelle for the great explanations!!! Also, Michelle is looking AWESOME!!!!!! Thank you!!!

This was such an interesting look at the early evolution of tetrapods, and of the complexity and diversity of evolution. I’m sure the thought that 98% of species have gone extinct already is a big underestimate.

This is a great correction of the common misconception that evolution is a linear process while also being a cool paleontological discovery in its own right. Adding Qikiqtania to my personal dictionary.

Loved the presentation, very open minded analysis and truth. Thanks for the land acknowledgement too. I very much appreciated the way evolution was described, as a non-linear process. Decolonising natural history and other domains is important. Wliwni thank you 💜💚

We think of these fish as living in shallow, murky waters. As I watched a video on rivers drying up, the pretty, narrow, ray-finned fish seemed to be the ones that were dead, while the ones that could still flop on their ventrals were surviving better. It makes sense that this proto-tetrapod body shape would also do well in seasonal bodies of water, much like lungfish and catfish do today.

You guys are great!

Prey evolves legs to escape predator. Predator evolves legs to hunt prey. Prey evolves fins to escape predator.

“No thanks, I choose life.” - Sid

Gotta say, I was pretty critical of Michelle when she first started hosting, but she is knocking it out of the park now. Great video, and keep up the great work

Idk why, but it just cracks me up thinking about an ancient fishopod that evolved over (possibly millions of) years to get onto land, then just NOPED right back into the water

We could likely guess this would happen from the numerous terrestrial vertebrates that have returned to the water from their ancestors lived on land. That there's irony too that some like amphibians have to return to the water to reproduce, while others, ex: penguins, sea turtles, seals, sea lions, etc. have to return to the land to reproduce.

Why did it "return" to deeper waters? I can imagine two reasons: There was a minor extinction that killed off some major predators, making it safer to live in this niche, or open freshwater areas were simply not that explored by fishes yet. The other reason is that the larger predators were so successful as shallow water hunters thanks to their fins that deeper waters was a safer place to live than shallow water.

That last outtake "now I have to pay rent & taxes".. SUCH A MOOD, TBH

Any plans on doing a gecko special? I've been becoming a bit obsessed with them of late and it turns out they are an extremely complex branch on the reptile tree that they kind of have all to themselves.

Really fantastic video! I love learning about these things, plus y’all make it so much fun to watch!

"Piscapods" sounds better to me than "Fishapods"! Excellent video.

I had the amazing opportunity to see the original mold of Tiktaalik in person because Ted Daeschler worked in the same museum my now fiancé did. He was so cool

Not a terrible choice, all things considered 🐟 💨 🌊 🏝

Нарешті! Я ледве дочекався. Дякую за цікавий випуск!

I love the little bloopers at the end!

This is the best channel on KZfaq. Change my mind.

Whoa, this is like the most OG form of “return to monke”

underwater average fish: hey Qikiqtania you said you're going to the land Qikiqtania: no, the sun is a deadly lazer

Best video I've seen👏👏 I been wanting to know where dragon bichir came from for some long this so cool

Keep up the great work, I love natural history and this show!

Great feat. That got me. Loved this one.

Pretty much like the fish version of tree-kangaroo evolution. Bunch of ground-dwelling wallabies develop climbing adaptations and become tree-kangaroos, but one member (the dingiso of New Guinea) turns around and reverts to a ground-dwelling lifestyle while retaining the anatomy of its arboreal ancestors.

I had no idea Tiktaalik was so big! 😱 I always pictured it as big as like an iguana

This video was incredible. Thanks!

The literal definition as: Abandon land, return to sea

Love the episode! Thanks Eons :)

At least it was polite enough to say “thanks”

My mans really did just say "Go back! I want to be fishe!"

1:25 "and nothing about it is inevitable" me: *gestures at Crabs* ?! :D

what if it was more of based on mating habits. perhaps the development for land was to lay eggs in safer shallows or in lake inland, however the reverting to fins maybe a group that found waterways to swim upstream like salmon and thus need the fins more than the ability to go on land. depending on how widespread the species was different areas could have work towards where it was safest to lay eggs and the route to get there.

One important detail we tend to forget is that walking fins have been and continue to be used among fish ambush predators in dark or murky habitats. In effect they walk along the floor of the lake river bottom or seafloor in order to sneak up on prey that has adapted to detect the minute vibrations of swimming. This was probably an important intermediary in the evolution of legs because it doesn't require the animal to have the ability to bear its full weight thanks to still living in the water and appears to continue to be and have been a successful enough adaptation those this kind of murky river environment that it has evolved independently many times among different lineages of fish. Most if not all of these early tetrapodomorhs appear to have lived primarily if not entirely within the waters of the Devonian and molecular clock estimates seem to suggest that leaving the water was a late adaptation occurring around the time of the end Devonian extinctions and the onset of the late Paleozoic ice age. Though molecular clock estimates are notoriously hard to calibrate on their own there is fossil evidence to support this perspective and it is importantly the only explanation which can explain the order of physiological adaptations appearing in the fossil record. TDLR Tiktaalik and its relatives rarely if ever walked on land instead they likely show adaptations to predatory niches within the great Devonian river systems that formed around Earth's first true expansive forests. They simply all lack the robust muscle attachments needed to bear weight on land with their limbs which combined with molecular clock estimate suggests where the duplication and development of muscle and muscles attachment associated genes in extant tetrapods only appears to have occurred once in our lineages evolution as part of a polypoidal hybridization event. Note that the molecular clock estimates also coincide with a time of falling sea levels as vast ice sheets began to build across Gondwana setting the Earth into the vast series of glacial and interglacial cycles which drove evolution of the biosphere for the next hundred million years. Given that most other major land to sea transitions among life appear to coincide with major sea level changes this is by far the most likely hypothesis at least in logical arguments. After all you need to crawl to learn to walk to walk to learn to run evolution does not create features de novo it builds on what already exists based on what is more successful and reproducing. Without some ecological factor to drive them out of the water the model where they come out of the water and then back in doesn't hold up under Occam's razor and Bayesian inference(one unlikely event x times another unlikely event y is probably not more likely than x alone. I'll trust the model that actually has growing bodies of evidence to support it instead as limbs are necessary but not sufficient to walking on land and the duplication of muscle and muscles attachment associated genes only appears to have occurred once in our lineages evolution as part of a polypoidal hybridization event in this picture naturally they couldn't walk on land until they were forced to and the evolutionary incentive for that change was associated with dropping sea level changes. Until a model can present a scientifically plausible explanation for how Tiktaalik and its kin could support their weight out of the water I can't even consider the standard explanation scientific.

I think the fact that we share fish grandpas and grandmas as ancestors is cool as puck.

Bless the writers for these great puns. :D

A fascinating subject and potentially an extremely complex one: Yes, while the 'fishapods' we know are considered our ancestors (this may be true) it's just as likely they are illustrative cousins only. There are pretty 'advanced' seeming tetrapod tracks older than any 'fishapod' we have found but no seeming tetrapod to match them. So what is going on..? a) Our 'fishapods' are our ancestors but these mysterious tetrapods are an earlier venture on to land that didn't work out for some reason. If so having gotten to an 'advanced' state what finished them off and why? Why not 'us' later on? What changed? Chance..? b) The mysterious tetrapods are our ancestors and the 'fishapods' were a convergent migration on to land that went nowhere. If multiple vertebrate lineages moved on to land that would be a surprise and require something of a rethink. c) -Land animals as we know them radiated from multiple sojourns on to land- Not true, all modern tetrapods are known to be one group. But has that always been true? If not true, when did out 'distant leggy cousins' die out and why? Are we aware of any potential candidates? d) We've got our dates wrong and these mysterious tetrapod tracks aren't that mysterious at all. A few million years younger than the likes of Tiktaalik there would be no mystery. ...all these questions are unanswered besides the subject of early tetrapod evolution being an utterly fascinating one. Whatever your branch of science it's always a journey of discovery and there's no sign of us running out of even fundamental things to discover any time soon. Here's a thought: Apart from five digits not being the norm early on the tetrapod limb as we know it comes in only one version. Either there really has only been one venture on to land by vertebrates (so what's going on?) or the evolutionary pressures that have resulted in 'our' limbs very strongly constrain the design indeed, but not necessarily the number of digits - if so, why? It's certainly not obvious.

What if the two populations were originally together and were separated by the slow rise of a land barrier between them that forced one population out to sea while the other one was isolated in a lake or pond of sorts and the result is that the group that was in the lake was exposed to slowly reducing water content or size of the lake and slowly over time they eventually become amphibians and progress from there. Just an interesting idea that makes sense to me.

Always makes my day when I see a new upload

So happy to see this acknowledgement 9:04!

3:55 what the hell i thought that tiktaalik was small

Tiktaalik is actually from Inuit and means "the large fish"

"Are you coming or going?" "I'm hungry."

Thank you!