Ayub khan was the first military dictator of Pakistan. He was the first native Commander in Chief of Pakistan army. He also served as the defense minister and home minister during the 1950s. He was a pro-West and during his rule, Pakistani relations with Europe and especially the United States remained extremely good. He became the first native commander of the Pakistan army controversially. On the night of 7-8 Oct 1958, when president Iskander Mirza applied first martial law in the country, Ayub became the Chief Martial Law Administrator. Latter he exiled Iskander to England and himself became the president of Pakistan. In 1960 he held a referendum in which he got more than 90% of votes in his favor. In 1962 he gave the second constitution of Pakistan which was secular in nature. The presidential form of the system was introduced in the country. Family laws were also introduced. During Ayub’s rule, Pakistan progressed industrially. The annual growth rate in Pakistan was 6%. Mangla Dam and Tarbela Dam were built during his rule. Katmai Dam was built in east Pakistan. Karachi nuclear power plant and space program was initiated. GDP growth was increased by 15%. But all this was for 22 families. 22 families controlled almost 66% of the industry and 80% of banks, which leads to severe inequality in the country. His foreign policy was pro-west. Pakistan signed a mutual defense treaty with America in 1959. Aub visited America in 1962 and addressed the United States Congress. In 1963 border issue with China was resolved. After the 1965 war, the Tashkent agreement was signed which leads toward his downfall. In 1965 he fought presidential elections again. Mohtrama Fatima Jinnah was his opponent. Ayub won elections with the allegations of rigging. After when Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto left Ayub and formed his socialist Pakistan People Party, there start nationwide riots in the country. Sheikh Mujib was also against him. In the end, Ayub had to resign on 25 March 1969. He died on 19 April 1974.
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