More to come!

This is a great point. I should have included asking the patient about BMs as a part of the bedside assessment!

Hi! Does this imply that those with constipation normally or are likely to experience low urine output in the following days or weeks?

Not necessarily. Sometimes when the bladder is full enough to lead to high intrabladder pressure, that pressure can be high enough to "squeeze" some urine through a lower obstruction until the pressure is lowered. So patients end up with incomplete voiding. In an extreme case of this, patients eventually develop something called overflow incontinence in which the kidney's continuous production of urine adds enough to the bladder pressure that patients can leak urine through the obstruction throughout the day.

I am assuming you mean "incontinent" rather than "inconvenient"... If the patient is incontinent and not able to tell when they last urinated, you should still ask them to spontaneously void. If they can't, whatever the bladder volume is at that time is still their PVR, incontinence notwithstanding. I agree about common overestimation of the scanner's accuracy. Despite the machine reporting 3 significant figures (i.e. to the individual mililiter), I wouldn't consider them to be any more accurate than within 100mL. (e.g. a scan result of 287mL one day and 253mL the next is not an improvement). I generally approach bladder scan results as trichotomous: high --> put foley in; low --> leave foley out; in the middle --> discuss pros and cons of foley with patient.

@Strong Medicine Yes. Incontinent. That's what working midnight shift gets ya. What is your take on patients who are scanning low, say around 100, but always seem wet. Again, they aren't able to say when they voided. Is the constant leakage paired with a rather low scan considered appropriate bladder emptying, or would a Foley be a better option along with exploring medications?