The nozzle without side trowels has problems to keep the top surface flat in the curves of the printing path; it becomes more inclined after every layer. Therefore, we prefer to use the nozzle with side trowels that overlaps the previous layer. This gives the best results; a bit similar to slip-forming ;-). A leading closure plate destroys the top surface of the previous layer, which leads to a lower layer adhesion (perhaps a vibrating leading plate can help reduce this effect. We have not tested this.).

@@Concre3DLabGhent We have experimented with porous surfaces that have water behind them. Low pressure very low flow rate of water - to smooth the surface and help prevent plastic cracking in the sun/wind. Also experimenting with vibration. It has been surprising how much the material will take without causing collapse, if it is confined between trowels.

@@Concre3DLabGhent it is very interesting, did you publish so we can read the paper in detail.

it is mentioned in the description: wiki.bouwkoppel.nl/doku.php?id=hardware:our_setup

It's a robotic arm: ABB IRB 6650 - 125/3.2 type A, with an S4C+ controller. So horizontal range is 3.2 meter without arm extensions. Maximum object is in the range of 4(x) x 2(y) x 3(z) m I would say.

@@Concre3DLabGhent what will be the price range coming to??

@@gopinathchoyi6005 Please contact me via private message. gieljan.vantyghem at ugent.be