The same applies to 741 as to the rail-to-rail "capability".

❤❤o😂❤o❤😂❤❤❤❤❤o❤❤😂❤😂❤o❤7❤❤90😢❤😂❤❤o😂

Thanks Manuel! -Derek

Thanks. Glad it was useful. -Derek

I hear it's the place to be. -Derek

Awesome. Glad it was useful! -Derek

Aw. Why didn't I think of that? Next time I suppose. Thanks for the idea! -Derek

Thanks Aaron. In an upcoming video I touch on this a little more. Op amp RC circuits are on the list for sure! -Derek

Just remember that all circuit are just basic versions. E.g. the peak detector needs a feadback path for the negative signal, otherwise it drives the opamp into saturation. You can see that at the scope. The 1n4148 diode is to fast to cause the seen „switch noise“. Just look up for „ideal diode“ to find circuits for that.

Good luck! -Derek

Thank you Umesh! -Derek

You're most welcome

Thank you! -Derek

That's a question that doesn't have a single answer. Almost any opamp can work with a single supply if you create a virtual ground at half the supply voltage, Using a TL431A to create that mid-point voltage works well for low current applications and they are really cheap. Anyway, you need to decide whether you want to use an opamp with digital circuits like an Arduino, or with analogue circuits like audio use. For digital interfacing, you'll get the best voltage swing from a 5V (or 3.3V) supply by using a rail-to-rail opamp, which means a CMOS type these days. I like the MCP602, but there are many to choose from. For audio use, you can get really low noise, high-specification audio opamps, but they are expensive. For the hobbyist, I'd recommend the LM4562 which is about twice the price of the NE5532, but with significantly better performance. If there's no specific requirement, you might as well use the LM358. It's nowhere near as good as more modern, specialised opamps, but it's dirt cheap and there are thousands of circuits designed around it. Finally, I'd use a comparator for a comparator, not an opamp. There are no problems with lock-up, phase inversion, limited common mode range, etc. The LM393 works in all but the most specialised comparator circuits, and it's also cheap. As for the decoupling capacitors, you just want something that provides a low impedance path between the supply rails and ground, especially for high frequencies, so the value is not critical. You just want something with low self-inductance mounted close to the supply pins. Most of the time a 100nF capacitor, ceramic or better will work fine.

@@RexxSchneider Thanks so much for your detailed reply. As you mentioned, there are so many to choose from, and unless one uses them extensively, it can be difficult to find a starting point. And your comment about using a comparator is well taken 👍

Thanks! -Derek

Hi ElectroRestore. I am currently working on getting the schematics exported and uploaded to the community / links. Thanks! -Derek

Hi Al. I have to admit I've never used a specialized op amp for RF in the ham bands. I know they do make them, but I've always felt more comfortable using discrete topologies for RF amplification. There are monolithic devices from manufacturers like mini-circuits, but the internal topology is very different from the traditional transconductance-VAS-pushpull op amp. Those are more like a darlington transistor if I recall correctly. -Derek

Thank you very much for the feedback. Good to know I’m on the right track in making these applications/demos useful. -Derek

Thank you for the additional information. This would be a fun exercise to undertake as an experiment... I've never done so, and it would be useful to quantify. Great tip! -Derek

Thanks! -derek

Hi RayDT, that’s an excellent topic to add to the list! This was a kind of crash course in op amps, but I’ve been thinking about a component tolerance video as it applies to passives as well as active semiconductor components. Thanks for the valuable feedback! -derek

@@AmRadPodcast When you do, don't forget to point out the additional color band on 1% tolerance resistors, that can sometimes confuse less-experienced people.

Hey Jim! 1054Z my friend.

Not enough bandwidth. The opamp needs some time to recover from the saturation, as it is used as a comparator here.

Hi Meriç, Just a really, reaaaaaally big voltage difference! -Derek🌩

Several cats, a vinyl couch, and a very dry day should do it.....

That is correct. If you increase the feedback resistor, then the gain increases.. I find it helpful to look at situations in this way: What happens when I set this value to an extremely large value, then what happens if I set it to some really small value. If you look at the gain formula, if we play with R2 this way, you can see how it affects Vout and gain. An R2 value greater than R1 and the absolute value of Vout increases.. If R2 is less than R1, then we end up with a smaller Vout, or an attenuator. (note there can be stability issues when using an op amp as an attenuator). Hope that helps! -Derek

@@AmRadPodcast, thank you so much, Derek! 😃 I have a modern 1993 Yamaha integrated amp with THD of 0.001% and it doesn't play as nice as my 1970 vintage Sony amp, which has a THD of 1%. A friend told me to increase the feedback resistor to a higher value, so the sound would be in a more "2nd harmonics" character. The problem is "how much" higher the 22k FB resistor in the Yamaha amp can be increased without oscillating. I don't have an oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer to see how the harmonics peaks follow after the 1k Hz fundamental. Do you think I can double the 22K FB resistor to 47k ohms? Thank you immensely.

Good question, and a great topic to bring over to the community forum. There is a difference in noise performance which depends on resistor values, and ‘noise gain’ between non-inverting and inverting config. Not a big deal in audio stuff. If we’re talking non-linearity induced distortion, then the non-inverting is slightly worse. Distortion from common mode input voltage is dependent upon signal amplitude and CMRR for non inverting. For inverting this is basically zero. Of course underlying non linearity exists equally for both cases! -Derek

@@AmRadPodcast thank you for answering my question 🤓

I made an error, and left it off! Schematics will be uploaded to the community links soon. Apologies for the mistake! -Derek

That is a Flux Capacitor...and your lab won't be complete until you have one in the background too.

Here ya go! : kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pbN8d5Rkusqpo4U.html

I made an error, and left it off! Schematics will be uploaded to the community links soon. Apologies for the mistake! -Derek

If using a bipolar supply and if the input signal reference is at GND as in the examples... as long as Vcc and Vee are greater than (a volt or two) the input signal swing, it doesn't matter what the rail voltages are; Of course you still need to stay within the max supply voltage of the datasheet. In the example, I believe I had Vcc set to +10V and Vee at -10V. -Derek

I made an error, and left it off! Schematics will be uploaded to the community links soon. Apologies for the mistake! -Derek

Hello Germany. In all demo circuits, I used 1% to 5% tolerance resistors. This was good enough to show the general operation and how to get there from the formulas. Of course when designing circuits, one needs to take a look at what the required specifications are, as well as extremes in temperature and tolerance stackup, and how this would affect performance. -Derek

I made an error, and left it off! Schematics will be uploaded to the community links soon. Apologies for the mistake! -Derek

You didn`t miss anything. You caught one of his many bloopers.

I'll take that as a compliment.. I guess? -Derek

@@AmRadPodcast Haha...sure!

Oops. My bad. Your circuit diagram says 741 but the breadboard is using a TL072. Sorry about that.

Agree!

Haze, OK. I think this is the best comment I have ever received. OK, it is a habit... OK, a habit I picked up from one of my electronics professors. OK? Seriously though... I did notice it when I was editing, and it was a bit annoying. And I had three options: 1. Re-record everything, 2. Edit and put jump cuts every time I said it, 3. Let it fly. I chose to let it fly - looking back, maybe it would have been less annoying to go with option 2! In any event, I sincerely appreciate the constructive criticism, as I'm always trying to improve. There may be a few 'OK' videos in the pipeline to flush out, but there will be less in the future. This is great feedback!!! Now, have a good day, OK? -Derek

Sorry you found it bothersome. I need that music, or my engineering functions cease.

I'm gonna have to get the element14 band together and record a new jam! -Derek