I am really humble before your kind words. You had been a great student and i am so proud of you!

Shreem Brzee thank you very much!

Peter Vesalius I really appreciate your kind words

Thank you very much! Glade it helps

Thank you for your kind words!

I agree, i will upload an animation that explains more the fascial spaces.

I am glad to hear from you Jamal! I hope you are doing well

I'm glad it helps.

Aditi Saxena glad it is helpful

nehal mainali thank you for your kind words !

Glad to hear that

Sorry if it was not clear. Once infection spread to buccal space whether from maxillary or mandibular, it could reach to parapharyngeal space. Keep in mind that buccinator is continuous posteriorly with the superior constrictor of pharynx with pterygomandibular ligament inbetween. Best wishes!

anterior layer of prevertebral fascia is the alar fascia that extends to T3 or T4 and encloses dangerous space between it and the prevertebral fascia. Prevertebral fascia extends from skull base through almost the whole length of vertebral column. this explain in some diseases such as Tuberculosis, infection may extends to the pelvic region and form psoas abscess. I understand there is some confusion and apparent contradiction in the way the attachment of prevertebral fascia is presented in different books. some books referring to the lower attachment to T3 or T4.

@@EasyAnatomy thanku very much for the explanation sir.......your video series is very helpful

from anterior and can be dangerous if becomes bilateral since it may cause Ledwig Angina

Easy Anatomy Thank you

Laskin

Incision and drainage of pus and put multiple drains put the patient under tri-antibiotic treatment and close care in i c u

@@ssalahnaggar what are those tri antibiotics please i might be suffering from it

@@elghachiai when we are talking about antibiotics we should know the type of bacteria caused the infection this can be achieved by taking a sample of the abcess(usually they are anaerobic bacteria) or by the doctors expirience ..usually they give amoxicilin or penicillin with metronidazole or clyndamycin Even cephalosporins

Yes, they are present in everyone. They are potential spaces that provide routes for spread of infection from a region to a distant one.

It is hardly to happen. However, lower teeth infection can indirectly spread to cavernous sinus and from there affecting the eyes. Remember that lower teeth drained by alveolar veins that go back to pterygoid venous plexus which has direct communication with cavernous sinus as well as ophthalmic veins.

@@EasyAnatomy thank you for replying. Ive been having a problem for 6 months now. Started with the feeling of something stuck in my throat. Food was getting stuck like something is blocking it. Then my ears started to feel like they had fluid in them, and i noticed my left tonsil was swollen. Then the left side of my face began to hurt, and to me it looks larger than the other side. I had my tonsols removed as well as my androids. I've had xrays, an mri, a ct scan. They say they see swelling but everything is fine. Ive been to an oral surgeon two times..i have been having pain in a tooth on my left side and sensitivity in my gums. My gums also bleed when i floss between that tooth and another. I saw him the second time a few days ago. He noted swelling and redness but said the tooth looks fine even with all the other symptoms I'm having. I am worried this is going to kill me. Ive been to tons of doctors with this issue and no one has yet to figure it out. Here recently my eye has started to hurt.I'll wake up with gunk in my eye. I went to the eye doctor and told her everything. She told me it was allergies. I have an appointment with an oral surgeon out of town. Hopeful he can help me.

Tonsils*

Around my nose also hurts. Right up under my eye.

@@amandanichols1988 I'm so sorry to hear about your pain and suffer. As you know there are multiple reasons for orofacial pain. Some of them, present with pain and some are associated with allergy like reaction such as nasal secretion and red eye. Inflammation of tonsils or pharynx (tonsilitis/pharyngitis) refer to ear because of glossopharyngeal nerve that supplies both pharynx and ear drum and may give the feeling of ear fullness. Swelling of face indeed indicates some sort of infection that may arise from maxilla (sinusitis), maxillary teeth or nose. Your symptoms together support the idea of infection. Maxillary sinusitis may give similar symptoms that could be confused with toothache or infection. I'm not sure if you have ever done MRI on maxillary sinus. I think following up with a dentist or Maxillofacial surgeon is good idea. I hope you do ok soon. feel free to contact me anytime.