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Mask dances in Bhutan have a rich and spiritual history dating back to the 8th century. It all began with Guru Padmasambhava, who introduced Tantric Buddhism to Bhutan and originated the Chham dance. The development of mask dances can be divided into three periods.
In the first period, Guru Padmasambhava introduced the concept of mask dances. The second period saw the contributions of Saint Pema Lingpa. He composed many dances that portrayed divine attendants and celestial beings preparing a path to heaven.
In the third period, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, a great person who founded the nation-state of Bhutan. He introduced mask dances as an integral part of the annual festivals in Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan. Since then, mask dances have been an integral part of the Tshechu, the annual festivals of Bhutan. They are performed as a symbol of respect for Buddhism and the saints.
The significance of mask dances in Bhutan goes beyond just entertainment and delves into the spiritual realm. Watching these sacred performances is a profound spiritual experience that offers the opportunity to purify one’s soul and attain liberation from worldly attachments. The dances also serve as a visual form of communication that conveys deep lessons about life, death, and morality. Today, with their growing popularity and frequent performances during festivals, they have become a prominent symbol of the Bhutanese national identity.
It is believed that attending a Tshechu, where the mask dances are performed, at least once in one’s lifetime, can wash away one’s sins and bring blessings. These unique and colorful events attract locals and travelers from all over the world who want to experience them.