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You would use pwm at a carrier in the khz driving a full-bridge inverter then filter the output with an LC filter to create your low frequency smooth sinewave 👍

If you used his videos, you didn't teach yourself. HE taught you. You're no autodidact.

Filtering doesn't change the frequency, just the amplitude and shape. The original square wave determines the frequency. (I have a newer video on this topic. You should watch it instead. It's linked in this video.)

It would be better to look up some circuit diagrams for actual inverters. I plan to do videos on that topic, but I haven't yet, and you'll be better off with a purpose-built circuit.

Literally any type of wave, yep! Every single waveform that exists, no matter how complex, is a combination of waves of different frequencies, and the lower the frequency, the bigger part of the overall wave it'll be. I'm planning on doing a new version of this video in the near-ish future with my newfound knowledge of op-amps, but basically, you can take any wave (other than just plain DC, of course; it has to be some sort of up-and-down wave) and keep passing it through low-pass filters and amplifiers to eventually get a sine wave.

yes, that would be called an LC low pass filter. L=variable for inductance and C=variable for capacitance. the inductive elements in the filter must be rated for roughly 2x the current to be drawn, and the capacitors must be rated about 2x the applied voltage. I don't want to go too far down the rabbit hole, as the theory and practical circuit design gets pretty complex, so I recommend you look up a part called, "ac common mode noise filter" These have a pre built low pass design, and are considerably easier to use....👍

It just depends on whatever voltage the signal is and what is the maximum current you want coming from your signal source. Just use your standard V=I*R and P=V*I for wherever it is in your circuit.

I don't know how a guitar pedal is structured internally, but if it is a variable resistance, then yes. If your pedal is powered and is putting out a voltage, you'll need to use an ADC, or an analog pin (which is connected to an ADC on the microcontroller).

Sounds like a great idea for a future video. I'll make a note.

@@simplyput2796 I goofed up! in that series, a resistor needs to be placed between the second capacitor and ground. that becomes the hi pass filter. I did fire up my scope, and while my circuit did create a roll off on high and low, your circuit actually worked better, for taking both edges off the square wave. I also ended up with 1/3 amplitude.

That is what I am looking for too.

An L/C (Inductor/Capacitor) low pass filter is more commonly used when currents are required to be above a couple hundred milli-amps. Think low pass crossover for speaker systems.

For short questions, the comments section here is a good place. For longer discussions, Discord (linked in the description) is much easier.

@@simplyput2796 is discord a website or something??? I don't use social media ya see so I'm not informed about the different ways to chat with like minded folks. Please could you message back. Thanks.

The pro will say it, but many stages of low pass filters maybe ?

I understand how the jump-cuts can be annoying, but over the months I've been learning how to do a channel like this and building my "set", I'm faced with the realization that I have to please myself before I can try to please anyone else. My normal speech pattern is filled with gaps like the stereotypical William Shatner, plus I'm annoyed by hearing myself breathe between speaking. I originally tried to edit this manually and you're right: The amount of work is absurd and unsustainable. So...I just wrote my own video editor and it actually does the cuts automatically, and I just have to go in and "clean it up a bit". I absolutely have tried to just do "normal" cuts, and I genuinely just cannot stand how I sound. I hope you can put up with my eccentricity on this, because I have to put out a product I can be proud of and enjoy watching myself, even if it doesn't appeal to everyone.

@@simplyput2796 I totally respect that. I would rather listen to original music from an uncompromising artist than a crowd-pleasing one. I might have rushed to comment there also. I hadn't noticed the wealth of content you aleady put out. I'm quite new to circuit analysis and component level electronics so, much of your content is still out of my reach but your structured and detailed presentation of fundamentals are exactly what I was looking for. (the understated comedy also hits the spot pretty well). Also, watching this inspired me to try and build a pre-amp for a midi controller keyboard I have. What other video of yours would you suggest could enlighten me on the subject ? For your auto-editor (first this is amazing please cash in on this. There's probably a substential market for this from fellow youtubers) may I suggest offsetting the cut a couple ms left or right ? Anyway, you've made it to my list of reference people on the subject along with EEV blog. Congratz. And thank you.

Regarding the amplification, and keeping strongly in mind that I am learning as I go (making EEVBlog, an actual electrical engineer, a better reference), from my research thus far I'd say that the amplifier I've already shown off is the way to go for absolute 100% best sound reproduction if you have no restrictions on power usage (meaning you can plug it into the wall and it doesn't need to preserve battery life) and you can afford more expensive components (power transistors and resistors). The other types of amplifiers that I have seen are all designed for reducing power consumption at the expense of quality. I apologize for not getting out more videos, such as about the other types of amplifier: It really is due entirely to my personal life and me being garbage at time management. I'm working on it, I swear. For the editor, I'm not sure there would be a market for it, because in all the time I have put out videos here, regarding comments here on the videos and also talking to my Discord people, as well as watching the few other videos on KZfaq I've found with similar editing, I have never once seen anyone praise the style: Everyone seems to either hate it or not care. Similar to the brick-wall audio normalizer I wrote that I use when I do livestreaming: My audience tolerates it, but I've never been praised, only ever gotten comments about how it destroys dynamic range. As for offsetting the cut, are you saying you just wish the cuts weren't as sharp, with a little bit more of a pause between them? That's definitely something I can easily tweak.

​@@simplyput2796 Yes for the offsetting that is exactly what I'm saying. I'm curious, what criteria are you using in your code to make a cut ? And how do you run that code ? Is it a pluggin for your editing software or an .exe or something else ? I think you might have a rough implementation of a great idea. I can imagine daily/lifestyle vloggers (as much as I dislike the format) saving tons of time with this. There's loads of high content output, average to low production quality youtubers, (no offense of course, different style and purpose) that upload with edits no better than what you already have. If they could have an auto-edited first draft with a full backup you could humm.... you could be a rich man my dude. Of course, going after this crowd means you would need a solid UI and customizable delays and threashold levels for the cut based on whatever criteria you're using. (e.i: if silence for x seconds make cut. With a user variable x) Sorry now I'm rambling. I can see on the other hand that focusing on that would take your attention away from projects of much greater interest to you. And having sensed a high degree of integrity and self-determination in regards to your work, from your first response, I can understand not wanting to streach your attention so thin on secondary projects. Especially, beeing one of us garbage brothers from the time managment bureau bin Yet again, If fortune strikes your back with this idea, feel free to through a couple bucks my way.

It's a program written entirely from scratch by me, so yes it does have a super-simple UI that just "gets the job done". The way it works is actually pretty simple: I move my cursor along the audio timeline until I come to a part that has a gap and a small amount of noise (such as breathing) that I want to cut, and press a button. It searches a certain amount of time forward and back of the cursor, takes the maximum audio magnitude in that slice, and then cuts forward and back as far as it can until it reaches audio that's louder. Then, it backs away from the louder audio by a certain margin, and makes a cut. Then I press another button, and it goes through the entire remaining audio forward and finds every other area that is also at or below the "cut" audio level that is a certain minimum length (so it doesn't try to make a cut between every word or something). From there, I just hit "play" and listen. It's really nice for editing out vocal flubs and such, because instead of having to actually cut a part out, I just press a button and it just deletes everything between the two adjacent cuts. So my "time spent actually editing" comes out to be barely a couple of minutes longer than the final video ends up being. The audio normalizer uses the EBU R128 standard for measuring "perceived volume" and a moving 400ms window to put the final audio right near -23db (the BBC recommendation) which brings up my low audio if I mumble and caps off my high audio if I get too excited. I could use a much better implementation of that because I have the entire audio track to work with at once, but I'm lazy so I just use the same code for my KZfaq stuff that I do for my livestreaming. I doubt I would ever bother to make these into real programs just because I'd never really manage to get around to it, but at some point I ought to at least throw the code up somewhere so somebody else could. I haven't done anything actually interesting, though: My code isn't complex or particularly novel. It's just that nobody else simply has bothered to ever do this (which reinforces my idea that, while it's an untapped market, it's also not an in-demand market). But hey, who knows.