FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION (or fingerprint authentication) refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify individuals and verify their identity.
The analysis of fingerprints for matching purposes generally requires the comparison of several features of the print pattern. These include patterns, which are aggregate characteristics of ridges, and minutia points, which are unique features found within the patterns. It is also necessary to know the structure and properties of human skin in order to successfully employ some of the imaging technologies.
The three basic patterns of fingerprint ridges are the arch, loop, and whorl:
Arch: The ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arc, and then exit the other side of the finger.
Loop: The ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a curve, and then exit on that same side.
Whorl: Ridges form circularly around a central point on the finger.
Scientists have found that family members often share the same general fingerprint patterns, leading to the belief that these patterns are inherited.
A FINGERPRINT SENSOR is an electronic device used to capture a digital image of the fingerprint pattern. The captured image is called a live scan. This live scan is digitally processed to create a biometric template (a collection of extracted features) which is stored and used for matching. Many technologies are used in fingerprint sensing, to include, but not limited to: optical, capacitive, thermal, and ultrasonic.
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