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#fungi_introduction_and_classification
#mycology #fungi #fungi_in_hindi #structure_of_fungi #microbiology #fungus #structure_of_fungi
#fungi_introduction_and_classification_in_hindi
Akash gour
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What is fungi?
Introduction of fungi (fungus)?
Classification of fungi?
Morphological classification of fungus?
Taxonomical classification of fungus?
Fungi structure and classification in Hindi
Easy notes of fungi.
Classification based on spors
Zygomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Dutaromycetes
Classification of fungi based on structure
Moulds
Yeast
Yeast like fungi
Dimorphic fungi
Classification based on disease
Superficially Mycose
Subcutaneous Mycose
Deep Mycose
Systemic mycose
Candida Albicans
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Mycetoma.
Introduction to Fungi
The fungi (singular, fungus) include several thousand species of eukaryotic, sporebearing organisms that obtain simple organic compounds by absorption. The organisms have no chlorophyll and reproduce by both sexual and asexual means. The fungi are usually filamentous, and their cell walls have chitin. The study of fungi is called mycology, and fungal diseases are called mycoses.
Together with bacteria, fungi are the major decomposers of organic materials in the soil. They degrade complex organic matter into simple organic and inorganic compounds. In doing so, they help recycle carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and other elements for reuse by other organisms. Fungi also cause many plant diseases and several human diseases.
Two major groups of organisms make up the fungi. The filamentous fungi are called molds, while the unicellular fungi are called yeasts. The fungi are classified in the kingdom Fungi in the Whittaker five-kingdom system of classification.
Structure and Physiology of Fungi
There is considerable variation in the structure, size, and complexity of various fungal species. For example, fungi include the microscopic yeasts, the molds seen on contaminated bread, and the common mushrooms.
Molds consist of long, branching filaments of cells called hyphae (singular, hypha). A tangled mass of hyphae visible to the unaided eye is a mycelium (plural, mycelia). In some molds, the cytoplasm passes through and among cells of the hypha uninterrupted by cross walls. These fungi are said to be coenocytic fungi. Those fungi that have cross walls are called septate fungi, since the cross walls are called septa.
Yeasts are microscopic, unicellular fungi with a single nucleus and eukaryotic organelles. They reproduce asexually by a process of budding. In this process, a new cell forms at the surface of the original cell, enlarges, and then breaks free to assume an independent existence.
Some species of fungi have the ability to shift from the yeast form to the mold form and vice versa. These fungi are dimorphic. Many fungal pathogens exist in the body in the yeast form but revert to the mold form in the laboratory when cultivated.
Reproduction in yeasts usually involves spores. Spores are produced by either sexual or asexual means. Asexual spores may be free and unprotected at the tips of hyphae, where they are called conidia (Figure 1 ). Asexual spores may also be formed within a sac, in which case they are called sporangiospores.
Reproduction. Asexual reproduction occurs in the fungi when spores form by mitosis. These spores can be conidia, sporangiospores, arthrospores (fragments of hyphae), or chlamydospores (spores with thick walls).
During sexual reproduction, compatible nuclei unite within the mycelium and form sexual spores. Sexually opposite cells may unite within a single mycelium, or different mycelia may be required. When the cells unite, the nuclei fuse and form a diploid nucleus. Several divisions follow, and the haploid state is reestablished.
Fungal spores are important in the identification of the fungus, since the spores are unique in shape, color, and size. A single .
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