GRAM POSITIVE VS GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

  Рет қаралды 2,931,183

Neural Academy

Neural Academy

5 жыл бұрын

Bacteria have cell walls made up of polysaccharides that give them strength and rigidity. This is important since bacteria often experience variations in osmotic strength from solutions of their environment, and their cell walls prevent them from shrinking or swelling. As a reminder, osmosis is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one, equalizing the concentration on either side of the membrane. Nearly all bacterial cell walls have a peptide-polysaccharide layer called peptidoglycan, or sometimes murein. Peptidoglycan is a polymer made up of sugars and amino acids which forms a kind of mesh.
Bacteria can be classified based on their reaction to the Gram stain, which identifies them based on the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls, as gram positive or gram negative. Gram positive bacteria have a thick cell wall, which consists of up to around 30 layers of peptidoglycan. This cell wall surrounds a monoderm, which is a single plasma membrane. Gram negative bacteria have a MUCH thinner cell wall, consisting of a single layer of peptidoglycan. This layer of peptidoglycan is sandwiched between two lipid bilayer membranes called diderms.
We can differentiate between gram positive and gram-negative bacteria by dying them with crystal violet and then washing them with a decolorizing solution. Then, a counterstain is added, for example safranin or fuchsine. Gram positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye and remain purple, while the gram-negative bacteria will be stained pink. Note that gram positive bacteria also pick up the pink colour of the counterstain, however this is not visible when they are dyed with the darker purple colour of the crystal violet stain.
The reason for these staining differences is due to differences in cell wall structure, which is the chief difference between gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. The gram stain detects peptidoglycan, and since Gram positive bacteria have a thick, multilayered peptidoglycan layer, they retain the crystal violet dye. Gram-negative bacteria do not retain the dye for two reasons - they have an outer membrane getting in the way of the crystal violet and they lack peptidoglycan to retain the stain.
Although both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria can be pathogenic, gram negative bacteria are more resistant to antibodies because of their impenetrable cell wall. Unfortunately, these bacteria also develop resistance more quickly.
Not all bacteria can be reliably classified through Gram staining. Acid-fast bacteria or Gram-variable bacteria for example, do not respond to Gram staining. Acid-fast bacteria have cell walls that retain stains particularly well. Although they aren’t closely related to gram-positive bacteria, they can appear purple after the gram stain test. Gram-variable bacteria show a mix of pink and purple cells when stained.
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Пікірлер: 373
@mananyadav3567
@mananyadav3567 3 жыл бұрын
any body from india like it...
@wllm4785
@wllm4785 3 жыл бұрын
I'm a lab tech. The depiction of the bacteria as happy or depressed is PRICELESS!!! From now on I will always think of this when doing my Gram stains!
@Nina-jc3be
@Nina-jc3be 3 жыл бұрын
I always wondered - do you ever get genuinely disgusted when you do your everyday work?
@DX-d
@DX-d 3 жыл бұрын
Comment for the channel: there's a mistake at the 0:10 mark, lower concentration outside the cell, instead of " higher concentration outside the cell".
@mohamedelsawy7788
@mohamedelsawy7788 2 жыл бұрын
anybody knows the treatment of klebsiella bacteria in lungs
@bushrach7483
@bushrach7483 2 жыл бұрын
Lab technologist or technician?
@Jase-L
@Jase-L 2 жыл бұрын
@@bushrach7483 What difference does it make? MT and MLT both do stains. So....who cares?
@robertrosenthal7264
@robertrosenthal7264 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for an explanation to "What is a Gram Positive or Gram Negative Bacteria?" question without giving a biology lecture on the chemistry of the contents of the cell walls.
@markrobinson9676
@markrobinson9676 4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzfaq.info/get/bejne/irmpmtBq3p-xcqs.html
@CelenaMorgan
@CelenaMorgan 2 жыл бұрын
@April Gonzaga that one is no longer available. Do you have another suggestion?
@One-qq8of
@One-qq8of 3 жыл бұрын
This 3:09 mins video has helped me more than my teacher discussing it for hours. Lol
@beingfijian1855
@beingfijian1855 2 жыл бұрын
I can relate to this.
@user-vo3wv2kh2b
@user-vo3wv2kh2b 2 ай бұрын
Hahahaha literally
@ywsl2407
@ywsl2407 4 жыл бұрын
Although I'd studied profoundly the difference between Gram plus and Gram negative bacteria, it was quiet a while ago and sometime it's so nice ,to go back to the basic.The same goes for DNA synthesis, Avogadro's number, T cells vs B cells and so on.
@swap_agrawal
@swap_agrawal Жыл бұрын
This is the cutest educational animation I've seen...... those bacterias were so cute and this animation helped me a lot to visualise them and now i don't need to mug up the differences between them I got crystal clear like I've physically met those bacteria
@-psithur
@-psithur 2 жыл бұрын
whenever i read up on bacteria on wikipedia, i always wondered what the difference was. thank you for enlightening me ♥
@alexanderfrenkel2783
@alexanderfrenkel2783 Жыл бұрын
1 - Crystal Violet, 2 - Iodine, 3 - Alcohol, 4 - Purple Fuchsia.
@robertbostrom9529
@robertbostrom9529 3 жыл бұрын
This has really helped me with my 4000 word essay
@lizhang2849
@lizhang2849 3 жыл бұрын
I am doing a 6000 words one
@thoracicformula
@thoracicformula 3 жыл бұрын
My God... Mine is only a 100... How can you make this that long
@yhungstorm9121
@yhungstorm9121 3 жыл бұрын
@@thoracicformula college..
@kirankendre6156
@kirankendre6156 3 жыл бұрын
?
@robertbostrom9529
@robertbostrom9529 3 жыл бұрын
The IB takes another victim once dreaming of the prospects of doing a Biology EE before dreams being shattered at barley surpassing 1,200 words
@Savhanna17
@Savhanna17 3 жыл бұрын
Omg THANK YOU! I needed this! ❤️🙏🏽
@monkixx9986
@monkixx9986 2 жыл бұрын
God this is so helpful, I'm studying food science and my major depend on a simple explaining like this!! you way more better than most of my professor, thank you very much keep going
@comfortonoigboria
@comfortonoigboria Жыл бұрын
Wow I'm studying food science too. Nice to meet you. What country are you from?
@yeahyeah190
@yeahyeah190 9 ай бұрын
​@@comfortonoigboriauk
@dabootyt8207
@dabootyt8207 Жыл бұрын
Biotech 1000 student here, thank you so much! This is a great primer for intro to the unit, and reminder for the end of the unit
@beingfijian1855
@beingfijian1855 2 жыл бұрын
This is an excellent video. So much time must have gone in doing it. Thank you so so much. Would you please be able to make a video on what happens when different types/ classes of antibiotics are taken by us and so what happens to these gram +ve, gram -ve , acid fast and gram variable bacteria.
@klattalexis
@klattalexis Жыл бұрын
Yes, my vet used to test the bacteria first, in order to prescribe the correct antibiotics for my cats.
@pharmacop
@pharmacop Жыл бұрын
A beautiful video. Made a clear differentiation between gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
@dentalhygiene3300
@dentalhygiene3300 3 жыл бұрын
Peptidoglycan! I just finished my college micro class and that is my fav word from that class. I finished with an A!
@pkoriya2074
@pkoriya2074 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you you make videos of biological science in a ultimate different way than others make
@salvadorhirth1641
@salvadorhirth1641 4 жыл бұрын
Hello, nice video and since you asked for suggestions, here it goes: I'd like to suggest a video about bacteriophages therapy, the restriction enzymes that bacteria produce that often attack palindromic segments of bacteriophages genomes and the palindromic repeats in the human genome. Don't hurry, it's a lot! And thanks!
@tlili3990
@tlili3990 3 жыл бұрын
this video explains it so much more interestingly than my prof does
@2BackPacks55
@2BackPacks55 5 жыл бұрын
Very helpful...easy and short. Thanks
@biologyexams4u
@biologyexams4u 3 жыл бұрын
Interesting explanation, bacteria cartoon pics really interesting. Concise, interesting in 4 minutes..Great job. Thank you so much
@nicolearmstrong7560
@nicolearmstrong7560 4 жыл бұрын
Great video! The visuals are so helpful! Can you do a video on exotoxins vs endotoxins?
@markrobinson9676
@markrobinson9676 4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzfaq.info/get/bejne/irmpmtBq3p-xcqs.html
@rameshmahajan366
@rameshmahajan366 3 жыл бұрын
Short but packed information with wonderful illustrations.
@medicaldoctorsacademy8595
@medicaldoctorsacademy8595 2 жыл бұрын
Hey there kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y9eia7ajtN2ZpWg.html Shapes of bacteria
@medicaldoctorsacademy8595
@medicaldoctorsacademy8595 2 жыл бұрын
Hey there kzfaq.info/get/bejne/jLBkddRqzbXcdJ8.html Bacteria
@Electroblade360
@Electroblade360 2 жыл бұрын
I Love How The Gram-Positive Bacteria Is Joyful And Happy And The Gram-Negative Bacteria Is Depressed, Nice Touch
@sumonipuri3964
@sumonipuri3964 3 жыл бұрын
Which software do you use to make these animations? 😊Very nice work! 😊
@eliasidris5316
@eliasidris5316 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for ur demonstration of the differences of the 2 types of bacteria.
@tanyachaurasia1930
@tanyachaurasia1930 3 жыл бұрын
Its amazing ... i had studied the same topic in my tution today ... but this is only cleared by ur super amazing video...thank u ..😁👍👍👍👍
@honey8784
@honey8784 3 жыл бұрын
Great effort. Good job. Much appreciated
@yoon2917
@yoon2917 3 жыл бұрын
i do not neeeed to see this rn just when i am abt to sleep i swear every waking moment i think abt micro
@anushkarawat7054
@anushkarawat7054 3 жыл бұрын
Wow ! what a great explanation .... really Appreciable
@exploreyourweb
@exploreyourweb 3 жыл бұрын
Wow you have explained this so well. I'm learning about doterra douglas fir essentialoil, Bacillus species. (Andrew et al., 1980; Uribe et Al., 1985). So interesting about the diff cell walls of - & +. You are an Absolute LEGEND. Thank you Have subbed & 'All notifications' 👍🙂
@davidgreenee7895
@davidgreenee7895 4 жыл бұрын
Please do one on krebs cycle, glycolysis
@Dizzifizz
@Dizzifizz 5 жыл бұрын
Great video - thanks a million!
@markrobinson9676
@markrobinson9676 4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzfaq.info/get/bejne/irmpmtBq3p-xcqs.html
@akshayadiaries5144
@akshayadiaries5144 4 жыл бұрын
Yes really nice
@anapopovic899
@anapopovic899 3 жыл бұрын
Hvala .. lepo objasnjeno 😊😊
@imo6553
@imo6553 4 жыл бұрын
Muchas gracias por el video, realmente me ayudó!
@markrobinson9676
@markrobinson9676 4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzfaq.info/get/bejne/irmpmtBq3p-xcqs.html
@JK-zc6uz
@JK-zc6uz 4 жыл бұрын
nice explanation, thanks
@nirupammaity403
@nirupammaity403 4 жыл бұрын
Nice and charmful lecture.. Sir will you please upload a video on biomolecul
@GROWWITHBIOLOGY
@GROWWITHBIOLOGY 3 жыл бұрын
Best one..nicely explained # Grow With Biology
@aryansingh2960
@aryansingh2960 3 жыл бұрын
It was amazing!!! **thank you man for helping me out**
@User-ko3un
@User-ko3un 3 жыл бұрын
2:09 don't both cells retain the violet dye first, and when the alcohol/decolorizer is added, in gram negative bacteria outer phospholipid bilayer is removed first, and that the single layer peptidoglycan stretches, creating holes to allow Iodine-Violet complex(after adding iodine) to flow out? Not because the phospholipid bilayer is present?
@kaleavarvel7901
@kaleavarvel7901 4 жыл бұрын
Wait if bacteria can swell how does that help determine true bacillus from cocco or rounded bacillus??? 😖 😖 I realize there are more factors/ tests than gram stains but sometimes it's hard to tell under the scope
@amgoudman
@amgoudman 2 жыл бұрын
My way of remembering what kinds of bacteria live where is to remember that Gram negative bacteria exist INSIDE a thick membrane and primarily live INSIDE the body. (Gram positive bacteria live mostly outside the body, such as on the skin.)
@norbertocarrizo7707
@norbertocarrizo7707 2 жыл бұрын
Hola patan Urkullu la hora *gs ! nq o
@norbertocarrizo7707
@norbertocarrizo7707 2 жыл бұрын
nq
@rg_nald6894
@rg_nald6894 4 жыл бұрын
Here for revision and you killed it 🤞
@markrobinson9676
@markrobinson9676 4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzfaq.info/get/bejne/irmpmtBq3p-xcqs.html
@TheRealMake-Make
@TheRealMake-Make 8 ай бұрын
I love you, man! Awesome video!
@nermeenashour5676
@nermeenashour5676 Жыл бұрын
You really helped me a lot thank you 💖
@Geezeimhungry
@Geezeimhungry 3 жыл бұрын
Wow! This video was so clear!
@aberaabdeta9837
@aberaabdeta9837 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you very. Please prepare a video on antibiotics history
@saymakhan9872
@saymakhan9872 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you for easy explanation
@royaljatti
@royaljatti 3 жыл бұрын
Explained really well!!
@ayubayusuf5238
@ayubayusuf5238 3 жыл бұрын
I love this video it give me insight..
@user-il7yh8kk8i
@user-il7yh8kk8i 10 ай бұрын
So helpful..this cleared my concepts
@manasmayank5082
@manasmayank5082 2 жыл бұрын
Brilliant explanation Love from India 🙏🇮🇳🙏
@omaimaelshamy6680
@omaimaelshamy6680 Жыл бұрын
This is amazing I am medical student and I am have learned a lot 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
@Akhi_Binalei
@Akhi_Binalei 3 жыл бұрын
thanks, helpful content.
@alanrecinos2368
@alanrecinos2368 4 жыл бұрын
ahora si entendí, muchas gracias wuapo.
@user-in7xq7lw8r
@user-in7xq7lw8r 4 жыл бұрын
Please can you speak about the physiology and the anatomy of the body
@maryaugustine3365
@maryaugustine3365 2 жыл бұрын
Very helpful...Thank you!!!
@AakashKumar_29
@AakashKumar_29 4 жыл бұрын
0:07 the 3rd image labelling is wrong; It should be written as "Lower conc outside cell"
@Yunanuu
@Yunanuu 4 жыл бұрын
the 1st and 3rd images are also wrong
@markrobinson9676
@markrobinson9676 4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzfaq.info/get/bejne/irmpmtBq3p-xcqs.html
@sujatharavi2012
@sujatharavi2012 4 жыл бұрын
Awesome video... Thank you so much..... 🙌🙌
@BeautyIsWithin
@BeautyIsWithin 4 жыл бұрын
plz make a video on "ultrastructure andstructure of bacteriophage?"
@marcosgonzalez4697
@marcosgonzalez4697 4 жыл бұрын
Genio! Saludos By Argentina! / Genius! Regards By Argentina!
@tharanya7133
@tharanya7133 Жыл бұрын
Great video .This is so helpfu
@SevyBrich
@SevyBrich 5 жыл бұрын
I love that. Its very helpful!!
@shrib.9024
@shrib.9024 3 жыл бұрын
Ooo...k
@user-jz2nx6xt3t
@user-jz2nx6xt3t 3 жыл бұрын
Very useful.. thanks !
@christinevakas92
@christinevakas92 2 ай бұрын
Oh thank you so much. Now I understand.
@rajeswariroy5264
@rajeswariroy5264 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you.It helped a lot 🖤
@tazsciences613
@tazsciences613 4 жыл бұрын
Greatttttt suprrrbbb understand easilyy thank uu soo much sir
@yeehaa6144
@yeehaa6144 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! :)
@NehaMishra-ih6zd
@NehaMishra-ih6zd 3 жыл бұрын
Best understanding video 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍really
@dr.jagmohangupta8359
@dr.jagmohangupta8359 3 жыл бұрын
Awesome video thanks a lot
@educationplatform1805
@educationplatform1805 10 ай бұрын
Hello bro I am Indian thanks to make this video you cleared my doubts I will pray to lord Krishna to grow your channel
@rgameplays27
@rgameplays27 3 жыл бұрын
Best videos; thanks bro
@rumamondal6046
@rumamondal6046 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks sir...from India...very helpful...keep uploading video on immunology ...etc
@user-yv4mq6ex2z
@user-yv4mq6ex2z 3 жыл бұрын
From Where u ? I m also from india
@labiologiapertutti
@labiologiapertutti 3 жыл бұрын
Beautiful!
@rosepetal3854
@rosepetal3854 3 жыл бұрын
can you do a video on cell differentiation ...that is cassification of cells on the basis of differentiation..undifferentiated differentiated dedifferentiated and redifferentiated....
@sreelalsreedhar4179
@sreelalsreedhar4179 2 жыл бұрын
Do a video on complete human physiology 💝💝
@jamiarusmiahshefa6156
@jamiarusmiahshefa6156 3 жыл бұрын
I like it. It solves my condusions.
@klenmn
@klenmn 3 жыл бұрын
Confused about the statement “Although both gram positive and gram negative bacteria can be pathogenic, gram negative bacteria are are more resistant to antibodies because of their impenetrable cell wall.” The gram POSITIVE bacteria are the ones with the thick cell wall, right?
@jasonbourne2264
@jasonbourne2264 3 жыл бұрын
Incorrect. The outer LPS layer of the gram negative bacterium gives it inherent resistance to antibiotics. That is why the peptidoglycan layer in gram negative prokaryotes is much thinner. The 2nd bilayer is made up of porins and tightly packed LPS molecules. Together it is able to restrict access of antibiotics thus allowing the bacteria to be unaffected.
@OnlyNo1Videos
@OnlyNo1Videos 4 жыл бұрын
Great lecture
@mohdjaved-eh7qe
@mohdjaved-eh7qe 4 жыл бұрын
Good video
@yesiercaro
@yesiercaro 3 жыл бұрын
Good job. I think this would be helpful for my microbiology classes. However, I believe acid fast cells do not retain dyes well, but only phenol- fuchsin mixture. Actually, they will not retain any of the dyes used normally because of the very hydrophobic mycolic acid. That last part might confuse students, sorry. Otherwise, good job.
@MiaKiki535
@MiaKiki535 2 жыл бұрын
Nicely presented..
@thejoyfulsound
@thejoyfulsound 2 жыл бұрын
You didn't explain why the gram-negative bacteria was said to be more anti-body resistant because of its "impenetrable" cell wall though the gram-positive bacteria is the one with the "thick multi-layered peptidoglycan" membrane. Can you clarify?
@aadil4007
@aadil4007 4 жыл бұрын
Yes correct man....... Iodine(KI solution) works as moderator for crystal voilet....... and when the bacteria is washed with alchohal and water the Lipopolysacride layer dissolves in it.... Leaving the colour.... i.e GRAM -ve bacteria......
@sinasour3452
@sinasour3452 4 жыл бұрын
very useful
@catmom1322
@catmom1322 Жыл бұрын
Where was all these oh-so-many years ago when I was struggling with microbiology?
@amaankhan5109
@amaankhan5109 4 жыл бұрын
Mechanism of biotechnology
@gunapandiyan3555
@gunapandiyan3555 4 жыл бұрын
Tell about Perisplasmic space
@user-eu1qr1rl3q
@user-eu1qr1rl3q 5 жыл бұрын
Awesome
@SPINNINGMYWHEELS777
@SPINNINGMYWHEELS777 2 жыл бұрын
@1:02 you state The Gram positive has the 30 layer thick Peptidoglycan - yet the NEgative has 1 layer - but flanked with layers of Diderms - then @2:24 you state the Gram Negative has an 'impenetrable' cell wall - so what makes the Negative with the 'thinner' walls impenetrable?
@bikalkunwar5260
@bikalkunwar5260 2 жыл бұрын
Its because of the cell wall sandwiched in between two phospholipid bilayer
@dhafajunior0117
@dhafajunior0117 2 жыл бұрын
Keren banget videonyah mantap kak
@tiffanyj2170
@tiffanyj2170 Жыл бұрын
Very helpful !
@lovedahlin93
@lovedahlin93 Жыл бұрын
Very good video!
@drhouse392
@drhouse392 3 жыл бұрын
Nicely explained
@kevinreyes6818
@kevinreyes6818 Жыл бұрын
I need help! I'm doing an unknown microbe in lab and I stained it with Crystal Violet, Mordant, Decolorizer then Safranin. The inside of the cell stayed purple but the outer part was pink. Is that a gram positive or negative??
@Oretal
@Oretal 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks man.
@crystalkulabako8180
@crystalkulabako8180 3 жыл бұрын
may you please teach anti microbial thank you
@northeastrisingstar.4371
@northeastrisingstar.4371 2 жыл бұрын
I never thought that bacteria can be that cute. 😂😂
@angie3999
@angie3999 5 жыл бұрын
Wait a minute. You said the Gram + bacteria have more layers of peptidoglycan leading to a thicker cell wall. But then you said that Gram negative are more resistant to antibiotics because of their thick cell wall. Someone please explain!
@cukcadvancedtopics2889
@cukcadvancedtopics2889 4 жыл бұрын
The space between the outer membrane and cell membrane of Gram negative bacteria (where the peptidoglycan can be found) is called the 'periplasmic space'. It enables the bacteria to do something called 'xenobiotic metabolism' (drug metabolism). Not only does the outer membrane make them less susceptible to peptidoglycan-damaging substances like lysozyme, the periplasmic space can contain enzymes like beta-lactamases which digest antibiotics before they can reach their targets. Because of the variety of drug digesting enzymes found in the periplasm, and the protection provided by the outer membrane, Gram negative bacteria are generally much more intrinsically resistant to antibiotics.
@lotuselise8777
@lotuselise8777 4 жыл бұрын
Noooo
@mattc2795
@mattc2795 4 жыл бұрын
Yeah I completely agree with Angelique...the science may be right but the video just switches (2:17) from focussing on how thick the layers of Gram + are to saying actually Gram - has an impenetrable cell wall without giving any indication of why Gram - cell wall is more impenetrable vs +. Liked the rest of the video but this one lack of explanation confuses the video a lot
@ikli7710
@ikli7710 4 жыл бұрын
CUKC Advanced Topics Thankyouuu, I finished my lab report because of you😂
@roadkings4665
@roadkings4665 Жыл бұрын
Great videos. But some details are needed to fix because gram positive bacteria are prone to antibiotics because common antibiotics target peptidoglycan, which makes up bacterial cell wall.On the other hand, gram negative bacteria have outer membrane above the cell wall, which common antibiotics don't usually target.That's why gram negative is naturally resistant to antibiotics.
@vinaytripathi9124
@vinaytripathi9124 4 күн бұрын
Thanks
@shinramen1940
@shinramen1940 5 жыл бұрын
it was great! thank youuuuuuu
@markrobinson9676
@markrobinson9676 4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzfaq.info/get/bejne/irmpmtBq3p-xcqs.html
@lucillebennet4233
@lucillebennet4233 3 жыл бұрын
When I got diagnosed with HSV 2 it was hell for me, had the worst days, Mental breakdown, crying not eating or sleeping either. I was restless looking for alternatives to get rid of this virus in my system, not until I stumbled upon a video on KZfaq about Dr. Aloha’s Herbal Medication and how effective they are. I reached out to him through his email: Alohaherbalhome@gmail.com and followed the instructions given on how to use the Herbal Medication. To my greatest surprise. it worked perfectly and today makes it a month and two weeks of testing Negative for HSV 2 after making use of his Organic Herbal Medication. It’s so amazing regaining my health back to normal and ridding my body of Herpes. Thank you so much 🙏 You can as well Contact Dr. Aloha through his email: Alohaherbalhome@gmail.com or WhatsApp +1(202)871-3222
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