Layering is the burial of a branch or part of it in an appropriate medium so that the branch remains connected to the parent plant and is not separated from it until after the roots are formed on it and after it is a new independent plant. Layering is considered as one of the vegetative propagation methods suitable for multiplying many vegetable fruit assets, as well as multiplying some important types of fruits such as grapes, pomegranates and olives.
Benefits of propagating by lying: -
1- Ensuring the success of root formation on the branches lying down, because the branches remain attached to the mother plant until the roots are formed on them.
2- This method is used in the propagation of plants that are difficult to propagate by other vegetative methods, especially pens and grafting, such as some origins of pears and some varieties of grapes.
3- An easy and simple way, because the branches lying do not need special soil and specific climatic factors, as in the multiplication of the mind.
4- You do not need experience and skill, as in other vegetative propagation methods, especially vaccination and composition.
5- Plants resulting from laying have roots in a relatively short period when compared to other vegetative methods.
6- The laying method can be used in patching grape orchards from nearby vines by selecting long reeds that lie in place of dead vines.
Disadvantages of reproduction by decapitation: -
1- It is difficult to use this method on a large commercial scale due to the need for a large number of mother plants from which the branches are taken for the purpose of their resting.
2 - The fallen branches may impede the conduct of agricultural service operations, especially hoeing (removal of bushes) and fertilization around the mother plant.
3- It is considered a stressful process for the mother plant because the fallen branches get food and water from them until they are independent roots and branches.
Date of registration procedure: -
The branches attached to the mother plants of the deciduous fruit trees rest during the dormant period (autumn - winter) until the start of growth, while the mother plants of the evergreen fruit trees lie in the spring to early autumn period. The rooted sackings are to be separated in the early spring of next spring, that is, a year after they were laid.
Registration methods: -
The methods of recording plants are divided into two main parts:
1- Ground laying, in turn, includes the following types: -
A- Terminal Layering # (Tip_Layering): It is used in the multiplication of plants that have many branches close to the surface of the soil, where they hang down and are buried inside the soil to a depth (7.5-10 cm) so that the top of the branch grows first to the bottom, then it is folded to the top and the bend is near the top The lying branch on which the roots are formed. This method is used to propagate (Blackberry #) plant.
B- Simple_Layering #: one of the simplest and most used types of clustering, in which the branch to be laid is folded into the soil and part of it is covered so that its top remains outside the soil surface and the roots are formed in the area of ​​curvature inside the soil. This method is used to propagate grapes.
C- Compound laying (#Compound_Layering): In this type, part of the branch is buried in the soil and the other part remains visible over it and the process is repeated until roots are formed on the buried parts and vegetative growth on the exposed parts. This type is used in the propagation of Muskadin grapes to form long, easy-to-bend stems.
D- Trench_Layering (#Trench_Layering): a trench is made close to the mother plant with a depth of (5-8 cm). The branches lie in it horizontally and are fixed in many places by wire pieces in the form of a number eight. The branches lying are covered with a layer of soil 2 cm thick. Soil is added to the trench gradually as the length of the growths increases, until the thickness of the soil layer reaches (12 - 15 cm).
C- Next laying (#Mound_Layering): This method is followed in the multiplication of assets that are difficult to multiply by means of pens, including the origins of shortened and semi-shortened apples, the origins of quince and pears. Seedlings are planted in the winter on lines apart from each other (200 - 240 cm) and the plants are far from each other (30 cm). In the first year, service operations are carried out for the purpose of forming many strong growths with a strong and deep root system. In the spring and before the start of growth, prune the plants. Unjust by cutting it at a height (2.5 cm) from where the stem is connected to the root, meaning that the plants are very low and begins to cover the new growth when its length is (10-15 cm