The pronunciation of Ancient Greek is a fascinating story that stretches from the epic Homeric legends through Classical Greece and Rome to the modern era. How did the sound of Greek change from early to late antiquity to the Mediaeval period to the present? In this series of videos, I will answer those questions, and many more! 🇬🇷 🏺 Lucian Pronunciation of Ancient Greek: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/etpprZh429aXfYE.html 📄 Ancient Greek Pronunciation Guide: bit.ly/ranierigreekpronunciationguide ▶️ Ancient Greek Pronunciation playlist: kzfaq.info/sun/PLQQL5IeNgck0hFZ5oEfTV1Zhp_xksAgCz 🗞 My newsletter/blog discussing the importance of pronunciation in working with ancient languages like Ancient Greek: lukeranieri.com/newsletter_2021-02-11/ 🐢 Learn Ancient Greek with my Comprehensible Input video series Ancient Greek in Action! kzfaq.info/sun/PLU1WuLg45SixsonRdfNNv-CPNq8xUwgam 👨‍🏫 Luke Ranieri presents (in Latin! subtitles in English) his research on Latin & Greek Pronunciation Evolution 500 BC to 500 AD "Vōcēs quae per saecula inmūtantur" (Living Latin & Ancient Greek in New York City 2020): kzfaq.info/get/bejne/mcV3nNyQsa6lnIk.html​ 🕰 Ranieri's Greek Pronunciation Chronology Spreadsheet: bit.ly/ranierigreekpronunciation​ 📺 Dialect VS Language (polýMATHY video): kzfaq.info/get/bejne/sLucgcukndiuj5s.html • Free Ancient Greek audio in Lucian Pronunciation • 👨‍🌾 Athenaze www.patreon.com/posts/36186862 🏺 Polis www.patreon.com/posts/45481663 🕵️‍♂️ Kataskopos www.patreon.com/posts/42738514 References used in this video: Vox Graeca by W. Sydney Allen: amzn.to/3qFL0IK Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers by Horrocks: amzn.to/3qNzAmj Social Variation and the Latin Language by J.N. Adams: amzn.to/2ZC4an4 Spell It Out, history of English orthography by David Crystal: amzn.to/3pJpHVl Occurrences of “Alexandrēa” in Roman Latin literature: latin.packhum.org/search?q=alexandrea Occurrences of “Alexandrīa” in Roman Latin literature: latin.packhum.org/search?q=alexandria And by Cicero: latin.packhum.org/search?q=%5Bcic%5D+alexandrea latin.packhum.org/search?q=%5Bcic%5D+alexandria @Paleogloss Raphael Turrigiano's channel: kzfaq.info/love/_rRxsAwe9nNvI-bHcXraQw Join this channel to get access to perks: kzfaq.info/love/Lbiwlm3poGNh5XSVlXBkGAjoin 🦂 Support my work on Patreon: www.patreon.com/LukeRanieri ☕️ Support my work with PayPal: paypal.me/lukeranieri 📚 Luke Ranieri Audiobooks: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com 🏛 Ancient Greek in Action · Free Greek Lessons: kzfaq.info/sun/PLU1WuLg45SixsonRdfNNv-CPNq8xUwgam 👨‍🏫 My Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata playlist · Free Latin Lessons: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/oJ2Yl5pqnq_enok.html 🦂 ScorpioMartianus (my channel *entirely* in Latin & Ancient Greek) kzfaq.info 🎙 Luke Ranieri ASMR in Latin: kzfaq.info 🌍 polýMATHY website: lukeranieri.com/polymathy/ 😊 polýMATHY on Facebook: facebook.com/lukepolymath 🐦 polýMATHY on Twitter: twitter.com/LukePolymath/ 🎮 Join the Discord community: discord.gg/u4PN2u2 🌅 polýMATHY on Instagram: instagram.com/lukeranieri/ 🦁 Legio XIII Latin Language Podcast: kzfaq.info 🎙 Hundreds of hours of Latin & Greek audio: lukeranieri.com/audio 👕 Merch: teespring.com/stores/scorpiomartianus 🦂 www.ScorpioMartianus.com 🦅 www.LukeRanieri.com ☕️ Supported in part by LanguageMugs.com : languagemugs.com/shop/?wpam_id=11 📖 My book Ranieri Reverse Recall on Amazon: amzn.to/2nVUfqd 00:00 Intro 00:32 ρ in Modern Greek 01:13 Difference between single R and double RR 02:20 Learn how to roll your Rs! 04:17 Why distinguishing single R and double RR is *so important* 04:49 How to trill the R 06:30 Don't trill your R too much! 10:17 Initial R 12:28 Latin rh, rhh for Ancient Greek ῥ, ῤῥ 14:22 Difference between voiced and voiceless consonants 19:22 The marking of ῤῥ 21:00 Portuguese comparison 22:49 Why this matters 24:45 stinger

Your English accent is perfect

For Finnish children, when learning to speak the letter "R" (Rolled) is often the most difficult. The way to get them motivated is to tell them they're allowed to say a swear word once (Perkele) lf they can roll the R. 😇

I can't believe it! I'm a native greek speaker, I'm learning ancient greek at school and I'm watching a video in english about how to pronounce a letter I learned when I was 2!!! Thank you!!

Me seeing the thumbnail: "that's no ordinary rho. That's an aspirate!" *dramatic and foreboding music cues.

Just as classics departments are killed in colleges and universities all over the country and indeed all over the world we see this incredible refinement in educational skills exemplified by your excellent videos.

“The distinction between /s/ and /z/ is extremely common.” *Spanish crying in the corner*

Luke: *says “ara ara” Weebs: you rang? One interesting thing I noticed is that the italian word “caro” is similar to the Irish word “cara” meaning “friend”. Might be a false cognate tho

I have something to share about the r/rr differences. My native language is Brazilian Portuguese, and we usually do have an aspirated "h" sound instead of strong r, in case of rr. However, my inlaws speak a German dialect as a native language. It is from a ancient German settlements in Southern Brazil. They do speak Portuguese fluenty, but they cannot differ r/rr sounds. Sometimes there are funny stories here due their accent.

21:33 Thanks for acknowledging the dialectal variation of Portuguese, much appreciated. :)

Spanish native speaker here. The [r] sound was the last one I acquired, even after learning to read (incidentally, the first word I read "publicly" was Retiro, a Buenos Aires metro station, and I pronounced it wrongly; in (Argentinian, and I believe everywhere) Spanish, the word initial R is always geminated.

I've caught myself accidentally trilling the "did" in a quick, relaxed "how did I...?" leading to a pronunciation like ['haʊraɪ ].

Great video! As a native Spanish speaker I would still make a geminated trill in the phrase "La Romana". I even recall being taught in school that the initial R is always geminated trill regardless of what comes before, but that was many MANY years ago 😅

I'm Greek and studying engineering (so completely unfamiliar with this level of linguistics), but I find these videos so so fascinating. I was thinking about buying Horrocks' book that you've mentioned before, but I don't know whether it is suitable for a beginner. Όπως και να'χει, καλή συνέχεια!

First seeing the title :"OK, it's about rho, I'm greek I have nothing more to learn about it. Then comes the" rh" sound and I'm like 🤪

I’m reminded of a story my dad told me from his semester abroad in Rome during college. His friend tried to order “linguine con carne” but due to his heavy Boston accent he asked for “linguine con cane” and got a very distraught look from the waiter. Pronunciation matters

After 47 years on this planet, I finally learned how to roll my Rs thanks to this video! Who knew it was so easy?

Actually, I didn't need to learn the voiceless trill because at first I could *only* trill without voicing. I guess I was subconsciously following in the Greeks' footsteps.

Interesting that you mentioned Brazilian Portuguese phonology, the older generation of speakers in São Paulo (mostly of italian descent) actually would pronunce the r just as in Italian or Spanish. Sadly this pronunciation is almost lost nowadays.

A special thumbs up for the ASMR whispering thing. 🤣🤦 A double thumbs up for such a good comprehension of Brazilian pronunciation. I'm native and at the age of 41 I learnt something from my own pronunciation.

As a native German speaker, relaxing my tongue enough to do the geminated alveolar trill is definitely very hard. I manage sometimes, but not very consistently

I noticed the voiceless "r" sound in turkish when it's at the end of the word. Like "hayır" ( which means "no") . I always found it interesting. I didn't know other languages had that sound.

You have real gift of explaining linguistics. I love your videos! Btw I'm from Poland and I still don't know if we pronounce initial r as [r] / [ɾ] or [r̥]

Czech here. We use that alveolar tap plentifully in my language, however until I was 15 years old, I suffered from rhotacism - and I really mean suffered since it made me extremely introverted for the fear of being made fun of. There's even a movie for children about the speech impediment, link down below. The trick that is often used by speech therapists (I went to multiple) first is taking a word of which the second letter is "R" and substituting it with the letter "D". It's recommended to start with words starting on the letter "T" (e.g. trnka, tramvaj, trouba, etc.) since "D" and "T" require a similar tongue placement. After getting proficient at all combinations, you move onto the next letter, like "K" (král, krysa, krumpáč, etc.) or "M" (mrak, mrož, mrně, etc.). Not sure how this would translate to English, but it could work. As for the alveolar trill, that's a tough one to crack. I can do it on its own, but my rendition doesn't have the frequency I most often hear - my tongue perhaps isn't relaxed well enough. Thankfully we don't use it often, maybe just for show :) There's also a fun letter found only in the Czech alphabet - the almighty "Ř" - raised alveolar non-sonorant trill. It can be both voiced and unvoiced. This one is probably the toughest to learn, since no other language uses it, although Polish and Kashubian have a similar-sounding digraph "rz", which is a voiced retroflex fricative. Here's the film I mentioned: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/hdCTqc2GrMeRj6c.html Compare Czech "řeka" and Polish "rzeka" (both mean river): upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Cs-%C5%99eka.ogg upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Pl-Rzeka.ogg

As a choral teacher who teaches songs in other languages, as well as a fluent Spanish speaker, I have also used the "Bitter butter battle" / "Wetter water waddle" to help develop the flipped / trilled R to my students. :)

Love the use of Starrr Trrrek.

The devoiced geminate reminds me of Greenlandic where medial [v l ɣ ʁ] contrast (and sometimes alternate) with [f: ɬ: ç: χ:].

I grew up with a tongue tie as did my dad and sister. So as native Spanish speaker, we couldn’t roll our rr’s properly. Yet we adapted and never had an issue being understood. R and RR were different even with out limited tongues. It’s so interesting how accents can form.

Un pozzo di scienza, come sempre.

I don't know if trilling the r's or alveorar tapping is hard but for me as a Greek little infant it was the very first letter or sound if you like that I made. Great video once again, greetings and much love from Greece

Try this spanish tongue twister: _El perro de San Roque no tiene rabo, porque Ramón Ramírez se lo ha cortado_

Beautifully done. Congratulations.

Thank you! Enjoyed the comparisons between different languages. Great series!

In Portuguese, in my dialect, at least, R has a huge amount of pronunciations, french r, German ch, English h, Spanish r, and no sound at all

this channel never ceases to amaze me,every episode has quality and love for what you do πολυμαθής και φιλομαθής ευχαριστώ πολύ

When you said “just air passing” near the minute 18:30, I remembered the letter ح in Arabic, which I could not pronounce until now. Your explanation using whispering has been luminous! Great video, thanks.

Woo! Something I know about! I learned the alveolar trill when I was 2 years old. I still remember feeling very proud that day and my dad giving me tongue twisters and recording me saying them. This was speaking Slovak, but I grew up in Belgium and had to learn Dutch starting in preschool. My Rs were very "exaggerated", they said, for a long time. It took checking out Japanese and finding out the alveolar tap exists to correct myself. And turns out I had been saying it wrong in Slovak too. Now I knew about the initial rho in Ancient Greek not being voiced, but I had no idea until now that any language differentiated between r and rr like that. It just sounds like another case of a double consonant making the consonant sound longer. Still, I seem to perceive a difference between an "r-like" alveolar tap and a "d-like" alveolar tap. The American dialect words you said were d-like, Japanese's R is d-like, and all others are r-like. The r-like ones don't sound like a single tap, though when pronouncing them I can't feel my tongue tapping multiple times, unlike when saying a proper trilled R. Last point, what about a regular, non-geminated alveolar trill? You didn't mention it at all, but it seems like there must be a reason why the "geminated" is always included.

Additional tongue release exercises I've heard suggested as a singer: massaging along the hyoid, sticking the tongue out for approx. 7 second increments, moving the tongue along the inside of the gums can also be of use.

The pronunciation of the letter R varies so much in Brazil that I wouldn't be surprised to come across serious papers about it. In regions of Italian immigration, the sound of the double R is that of the alveolar trill, just like in Italian. In most regions the sound is that of the uvular fricative, BUT when we speak faster, we tend to make it easier by pronouncing the glottal, as you mentioned (when we talk slowly, though, the uvular is very audible). The R in the beginning of words is always geminated; even when alone in the beginning of syllables, if not preceded by vowel, it is so (it's rare, but it happens, like in the word "melro", which means "blackbird"). Now, the R in the end of syllables is the one that varies the most. It is sometimes a tap (south and a bit of the center), sometimes uvular / glottal (east and north-east regions), and sometimes approximant, very similarly to English in words like "word" (west and, I believe, north-west). But it doesn't end there! If one goes deeper into the countryside, one can find the geminated R being pronounced like a tap, with no difference from the single R, and probably more variants which I never came across. PS: your videos are incredible. I've watched quite a load. Thank you for the excellent material!

Portuguese had originally the same sounds for single, double and initial rs as Spanish and Italian, and they can still be heard in the more conservative areas of both Portugal and Brazil. In the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries initial and double rs became gutural, and as a later development they became fainter in Brazil, but still they are stronger than the letter h in English. They can be seen as its voiced variation, and that is a clear clue to spot Brazilians who might have an otherwise good pronunciation.

Great video! I enjoyed it just as much as the one on "ει"! Please do this on all ancient greek sounds. I am particularly curious regarding the following: 1) How to pronounce the iota subscriptum in classical Greek - does an omega (which has two morai) receive a third mora with the iota subscriptum? How long is the syllable? 2) How to pronounce the ξ ("x") sound in classical Greek - Attic inscriptions from the classical age often render is as "χσ" - does that mean that is was somehow "voiced"? 3) Did the neutral ending -ον lose its "n" when spoken, much like the "m" in the Roman ending -um? In modern Greek, the ending has been shortened to -o; when did this process begin?

this vid, and the previous one, is hella useful, thank you!

I think that Spanish (and in general, Iberian languages) has a stronger distinction in manner of articulation between r and rr compared to Italian. I think Italian single r is often a flap, as opposed to a tap: it starts cycling like for a trill, and just stops before the second cycle. Iberian single r is a more rigid tap, kind of like in Japanese though not as extreme

Some varites of "Caribbean Spanish" have that type of voiceless, double r.

I love these videos! Keep 'em up.

Your videos are excellent! I look forward to more!!!!

The symbol of aspirate "δασεία" means that there is the semivowel digamma (F) which initially was the letter S and then after becoming a semivowel it was pronounced as "H" and according to Hesehious dictionary it replaced vowels and consonants on the Greek dialects.

I have a Spanish minor, which included a Spanish linguistics course solely dedicated to pronunciation. I was able to get everything, including the proper "v" sound for Spanish. The trilled "rr" I just never could. I had given up years ago, but perhaps at 33 I am an old dog that can still learn a new trick with this new method to practice. Native speakers of Spanish generally know from context what I mean, since "pero" shouldn't have "el', "un", or 'mi" in front of it where "perro" almost always does, but I'd prefer for them not to need to do that. Thankfully, one of the best things about learning Spanish is native speakers tend to be among the most patient and supportive folks you can hope to find of anyone trying to learn their language.

Thank You, this is very necessary for me! 😊

This was very helpful. I've always had a hard time rolling my r's, but realized it's because I was trying to get my tongue to do something - which inherently meant tensing it. Derp. Hearing that I needed to relax the tongue was the linchpin for me. Thank you!!!

Depending on the region in Portugal, you can have the voiced alveolar trill "r" or a voiced uvular fricative "ʁ" for intervocalic "rr", depending on the region and other factors. Only in parts of Brazil a softer aspirated sound similar to the English 'h" (voiceless glottal fricative) can be found

Great video! Something of my own experience: Μy late grandma, born in Symi, Dodecannese, was pronouncing all double consonants, rr, ss, tt, nn, mm, etc. And I believe that the Cypriots keep doing this till today.

Thanks, always wanted to get better at this!

As a Brazilian myself I pronounce carro and Roma, with this h sound but also vibrating my vocal chords.

This was an amazing video and worth subscribing! I study Ancient Greek and Latin in university (also did it in highschool) and when I saw this video in my recommended, I only clicked on it out of curiosity if I'd learn anything new. I'm a native Dutch (Flemish) speaker and we do have a rhotic r, but not a geminated r, so I only know that sound from my ventures into other languages and I knew it was phonemic in Latin. (It was never explicitly stated in my Greek courses, but I'm not surprised.) I stayed for the engaging explanation and I even learned something new because I'd never considered the r could be voiceless. Coincidentally, I learned just yesterday that the aspiration on the rho comes from a PIE s (like Gr. ῥέω < PIE *srewe/o), so now I have the full picture, pronunciation included.

before i took any formal spanish classes i taught myself how to roll my rs incorrectly, so when i got into college my professors always commented on it. although i could hear a clear difference i was never totally sure what i was doing wrong physically, but now thanks to this video i know its because i accidentally taught myself the voiceless alveolar trill! im still trying to fully unlearn it, hopefully ill get some mileage out of that vocal cord tip. super informative!!

Can i just say i love how relaxed *and* engaging your videos are, & how perfect a frame that is to start doing weird mouth actions (looking at you, welsh LL 17:57) - the sort of which so often intimidate new learners, unfortunately!

Holy crap Luke, I've learned how to pronounce so many sounds in languages like the alveolar tap in Japanese, and the uvular trill in Welsh, but I was never able to figure out how to produce the alveolar trill, UNTIL NOW. That tip about trying to say "Per-ro" separated literally NO JOKE instantly made me able to produce it pretty convincingly. I'm gonna keep practicing so it becomes second nature, THANK you so much for the help, seriously!

I'm italian, and the trilled r is difficult to pronounce for some of us too: since I was a kid I have pronounced it as an alveolar approximant or something similar. It took me a lot of time just to pronunce the alveolar tap! We call this defect "erre moscia", "soft R".

Nice touch with the Mozart at the end, Amadeo.

The aspirated ῥ is still present in Byzantine chant. It truly does sound different from the simple “r” sound.

Wow! Thank you so much! Finally I understand how to pronounce rh in Latin!!!

I really enjoy this one :D I am waiting for more videos of Greek & More Languages Pronunciation.

Ευχαριστούμε για όλες τις πληροφορίες που ούτε εμείς οι Έλληνες πολλές φορές δε γνωρίζουμε για τη γλώσσα μας. :)

Voiceless sonorants are fascinating! Loved practicing their pronunciation when I was learning Welsh. I've been creating a conlang and there is and voiced-voiceless alveolar trill phonemic distinction. :)

Oh thank you for this! I’m trying to learn Armenian and there are a few sounds that are hard for me to make. Mainly խ, ղ, and ռ. Which are kh, gh, and rr respectively. Kh wasn’t too bad but I still over-pronounce it sometimes, gh took me FOREVER to figure out, and rr I didn’t even know where to start until I saw this. So again thank you!

A bit of pedantry: the Welsh is not a voiceless lateral approximant /l̥/, it's a voiceless lateral fricative: /ɬ/ which has a separate voiced complement: /ɮ/.

Ro Laren and Admiral Cain used in the right moments, thank you for making this geek happy :D

The stuff about the alveolar tap in intervocalic 't' is US English has reminded me of my favourite ever observation about English pronunciation around the world. If you're American, and you say "space ghettoes" in your own accent, you've just said "Spice Girls" in a Scottish accent. Try it!

I'm from the UK and I have an advanced (or almost advanced) level of Spanish and I still struggle with the double r pronunciation. Thanks for your video Luke- your British accent is quite accurate compared to most North Americans.

Great video Luca, Sicilian has developed an interesting developments of the trill r. It's has become a retroflex sound.!

In most parts of Brazil that have italian or spanish heritage we actually pronounce that rolled R. It is much more common to elder people do that, but I like the way it sounds. You might be seen as a hilbilly if you speak like that. We are told here that the"H" pronounciation of r is due to portuguese aristocracy in colonial times trying to sound fancy, by imitating the heavy gutural r we see in french, which soon spread among the common people and now we have this breathy h sound.

I've been able to roll my rs since about November after using this technique

I am German, yet I have somehow been able to roll an R as long as I can remember. Just tapping it though is something a had to actively learn and which I initially forced by closing my jaws until there was no room for my tongue left to swing with the R.

the explanation of the diff between s and z was brilliant. i think that was the first time in my life I pronounced s correctly lol Many thank for all these awesome vids Luke!

A good and simple example of how just changing the intensity or presence of a sound in English can completely change the meaning are the words “hold” and “old”. If one does not pronounce the aspirated “h” sound, it can get confusing. Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, etc, do not have this soft aspirated “h” sound. (Spanish does have a strong aspirated “h” sound with the sounds of the letters “j” and sometimes with the letter “g”. Thanks so much for this video. This will greatly help me with my Portuguese as a foreign language classes.

Well done!

you have just answered a question (about the pronounciation of the aspirated ρ in the beginning of words) I had since I was 12 and for which none of my teachers could help me! Thank you!

You got all us Greek hooked.

Great job

Como você falou sobre o Brasil, vou deixar aqui os meus parabéns pelo excelente vídeo escrevendo em português. Realmente, a prosódia é a manifestação espiritual de uma língua, é a poesia viva, é o som verdadeiro das notas que estão presas na pauta da escrita e que produzem a música da língua falada. Dizem que grego antigo era uma lingua cantada, com modulações de tonalidades altas e baixas. Isso não seria impossível, pois hoje temos o mandarim e o tibetano que usam vários contornos tonais.

I can use this guy's voice as ASMR all day long! So soothing!

Its verry easy for me to pronounce every word. Hello from Poland!

a Canadian coffee shop chain (Tim Horton's) used to have a promotion that used a Scotsman saying "rrrroll up the rrrim". It introduced many Canadians to making the trill r sound.

fascinated!!!

THANK YOU!!

My Latin/Ancient Greek highschool teacher told me that every Mediterranean language (Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese) tends to a very soft pronounciation (to palatalization ) of the consonants. That helps me understand better the romance languages using my knowledge of the Classical languages. Your tips - extremely usful (Besides tha fact that I am macedonian native speaker and I know the difference betwen r and rr). Thank you Luke!

In my native language (Dutch), especially in the region where I'm from people usually trill the "R" as a voiced dental trill. I've never actually been able to do it even after help for a speech therapist, I'm stuck on a voiced uvular trill. Never heard of these perticular techniques though, I will try them out! Who knows maybe after practice I can actually sound like someone from the region I'm from after 29 years.

In Portugal when we use the double r but we usually pronounce it /R/ and we simply do not pronounce h's at all, it's one of the main differences between Portugal's portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese

I absolutely love the thumbnail.

While in Russian, my native, they use to pronounce taping R in quick everyday language, but easily can go to rolling R, especially when they want to emphasize or distinctly say some word.

The comment about the British pronunciation of better etc made me chuckle. You're much more likely to hear it with a glottal stop here (although our glottalisation is slightly more widespread than US tapping, as it also often affects coda t as well as intervocalic t)

I'm bilingual, my other first language is Norwegian, we have the alveolar tap in "kjøre" (drive) and the trill in "prøve" (the infinitive form of attempt), I feel like that has helped me learn new phonemes from additional languages. That said, my favorite phrase is from Czhech - "Strč prst skrz krk"

Never would've thought you were a Trekkie!!

Could you make a video about the “pl-/fl-” in Latin that became “ch” /ʃ/ in Portuguese. Like Latin _pluvia_ that became Portuguese _chuva_ and Portuguese _chão_ from Latin _plānum_ Like, how does “pl” became “ch”? It's “weird” and different lol.

Thank you so much for this. Haha, I’ve been put off learning Italian for this reason. The Rs are like hitting a brick wall. I feel like a distressed animal trying to pronounce the Rs. I’ve learnt so much else. Blessings to you :)

“I swear this is not ASMR” 🤣🤣🤣

Ur absolutely brilliant

Whispering!!! THAT was the way to the voiceless /ɾ:/ Wow, Luke!

In brazilian portuguese, at least the carioca accent, we completly lost the germinated rr (even though we use the single r a lot). The rr sounds like the french r. I've always had a hard time saying perro in spanish. Your tips helped, i'm trying to practice it.