Total time elapsed in this sequence of rocks is 2.7 billion years. Several have asked about high vs low-energy deposits. I should have expanded on the use of these terms. Larger grain sizes require more energy to transport and deposit than do low energy deposits. Clay-size particles are the lowest energy in that they can float in calm water for long distances before depositing. Very high-energy deposits like cobbles or boulders require a lot of energy to transport and are deposited quickly as energy is dissipated (water or wind velocity slowing down). There is a full range in particle size and energy required to transport them.

The geological david attenborough!

Hey Myron! My daughter will be 7 in 10 days. She LOVES your videos. Your teaching style has captured her attention and she is really beginning to show an interest in geology and is already contemplating time in a manner that I’ve never seen a child consider. You went and sucked ME in as well, and I am grateful for that. I haven’t been this interested in a subject since I first got into emergency medicine about 25 years ago. Thank you for all of this!

Wow! Another great video from Myron! He explains things so well. Thank you Myron, we appreciate all the effort you put into sharing your knowledge with us!

I watch a lit of geology videos on KZfaq, but what I absolutely love about Myron is that he focuses on the field evidence. I really appreciate his insights and how he explains principles plainly and with good reasoning. Thank you, Myron. You'll never fully how how much your videos impact others and bless them. You are appreciated, Sir!

So someone asks, "how do you know that?" And he explains it perfectly. And now I can also explain it to others as well.

Not only have I seen time, partially due to your excellent videos, I've also heard the colors, tasted the sounds and smelled the light! 🙏💚💜💚🙏

Myron, I have watched many of your videos. So many good videos. I was out hiking today in some bentonite hills; recalling your videos on erosion. I see things of the past, now so much clearer.

Old school channel 13 public television vibes. It gives me the warm and fuzzy feelings of a time gone by.

Myron, it struck me when you compared contemplating time in geological formations with staring into to unimaginable depths of a clear night sky. As I've aged and am better able to ponder things beyond survival for myself and family, which we know we spend most of our adult life doing. I'm not able to escape the light and pollution clouded sky's where we live nearly as much as I'd like. I share to feeling of insignificance when looking into a canyon walls as well as the infinite sky's. Thanks for taking the time to create these wonderful lessons!😊

Love your use of the drone. Epic photography that really allows the rest of us to see what you do!

Where has this guy been all my KZfaq life! The sonorous voice, the clean crisp videography and inspired editing. Mr. Cook could film paint drying and I’d watch for an hour

Thanks great uncle Cliff; what you put in that boy enriched many of our lives.

I wish I had had Myron teaching my geology classes some 60 years ago. Myron’s geology videos are absolutely the best.

This video is just incredible. You keep getting better and better with your editing, footage, and explanations!

It is nice to hear that not all Americans believe the world is not 6000 years old.

Hello Myron. I travel all over the Midwest as a pilot car. Almost on a daily basis I am in awe with the nature I see. And as I would pass by the mountains with all the exposed layers, I would always Ponder what has happened to create these layers. So when I found you, I found a treasure trove of answers to my questions. It's like reading a book now as I drive down the road with the information you have given me. And Myron, I can't express how grateful I am for the opportunity to know you through these videos. You are a delightful human being to say the least.And this world is a better place having had you here. Godspeed

Myron, I have thoroughly enjoyed your videos. I have learned so much and I love your calm, quiet voice as you teach. You are a natural and I can tell how much you truly love what you do. Thank you for all your marvelous videos.

Love your channel. Peaceful and educational. I enjoy your real life examples and your whiteboard explanations.

I will never see the world the same way. Very well done. Thank you!

I have creationists in my life trying to convince me that the earth is only a few thousand years old. But when I see evidence like this then I can't help but believe that the earth is very, very old

Another fabulous lesson! I've hiked a few of those areas and was thrilled to learn so much about them. Can't wait to hike them again now, with a keener eye ❤️

I love your videos SOOO Much! Thank you for introducing me to geology, and a big thank you to your great uncle Cliff, too. P.S. I enjoyed it immensely.

Wonderful episode, Myron! I love geology for those stories, telling me what it is that I'm seeing, how it came about. The time dimension puts things into perspective as you said on a personal level, much like astronomy with its astronomical distances and time scales :) Thank you for making and sharing these amazing videos with us.

Thank you Myron for your wonderful videos explaining deep time. I have a greater appreciation for understanding just how long the formations around us that we often take for granted took to form. Please consider this a compliment, but to me you are the Bob Ross, or Mr. Rogers of the geology world :)

Myron bless you. My husband is a geologist by training but has had other careers since. I recently got curious about geology but could not stick with some of the KZfaq channels on this incredible subject. Too sterile. We have been captivated by your joy and your passion. I am deeply curious about many subjects but this has become addictive lately. I work in mental health and I am convinced that if this was part of our general education, compulsory, the world would be saner, wiser and less stupid! We quite plainly love life, our blue dot and you! 👏🙏🐬🌹🌻

Outstanding production. Love your enthusiasm. Thanks for sharing.

Myron, Wow! this was an amazing video full of really awesome material; I love how you organized the information; thank you!

Thanks Myron! Wyoming is breathtakingly beautiful! It’s so nice to get a better understanding of the formations and how they’ve formed over time. The modern day examples and photos are extremely helpful to imagine what it was like when the layers were created! 👌🌟🌟🌟

That was an amazing journey across Wyoming over time and rocks professor.

I thoroughly enjoyed this video and the drone footage makes it even clearer and more awe-inspiring. I kept pausing it while I tried to imagine all the periods when the layers were being formed, when the lifting and lowering and eroding took place, and marveling at how the planet has gone through so many cycles of change. When the layers eroded, where did the dust and soil go? Part of the various periods of ancient to more recent Wyoming must have flowed or blown to the rest of the continent and vice-versa and maybe even somewhere else. It really makes you think about time and connection. Thank you for explaining it so well and showing up close how amazing it all is, Mr. Cook. I'm looking forward to the next video and hope to see these formations for myself in the near future. :)

I got a deeper appreciation for geological from Randell Carlson to begin with. I live on a mountain in the foothills of the Appalachian mountains. Everywhere around here once you get 2 feet deep you hit sandrock, to learn that this mountain was at one time was a river delta blue my mind. Your channel is fantastic, to me, for a deeper dive into geological processes. Thanks for the info, you do a great job.

I'm studying archaeology, so experiencing time through one's surroundings is something I find extremely valuable and fascinating. But the time scales involved in geology are just incomprehensible. Thank you so much for making this video and being such a great educator!

My husband and I love watching your videos and get so excited when we get a notification that you put a new one out! Great content, narration, and beautiful scenes. We are learning so much!

What a great pleasure to watch this and hear this long story told so seamlessly.

Thank you so much for this really phenomenal educational video; we have gained tremendous insight from your education and often find ourselves pointing out information on rocks around us that we learned from you. This latest video is really wonderful, it's organized beautifully; thank you!

Another great easy to understand video explanation of the geology around us. Thanks Myron!

Amazing story. Lovely video. I'm in complete awe of the depths of time, your meditation on 1" of deep sea ooze deposition as a life lived - really resonated with me. The cycles within and changes between so many different environments, over such unimaginably vast swathes of time, just incredibly humbling. Thank you for taking us on this journey.

WOW, I just subscribed and turned on all notifications and 2 minutes later i get my girst new video. What great timing! Thanks for teaching us something interesting with every video.

I get so excited when I see a new video from Myron.

Your videos are, as you should know, first class! I love the drone shots and google earth and for sure the whiteboard. I'd sure give you a metaphor award as yours are so helpful. Especially the one about dust, with which I plan to use when my wife wants me to vacuum or dust the house. Thanks again, Jim

Excellently presented and we really appreciate your interspersed drone views as it greatly assist in the overall structures. Thanks for sharing and the best of luck!

This is making me so much more excited for my incoming trip to the Bardenas desert in Spain, thank you for all the great content you're putting out Myron, you've singlehandedly rekindled my childhood interest in geology.

Thank you so much Myron. Another beautiful explanation of our geological processes at work. I just struggle to comprehend how just one location can go through so many different changes, its mind boggling. I reckon your Great Uncle Cliff would be so proud of you. Best wishes, Geoff (Perth, Western Australia)

Impressive, i'm hard to impress. You did an excellent work putting this out here. Showing us time upon time upon time. 1 Billion years or more, showing perfect examples. Plus, 2 - 4 snowball earths to boot.

You are very good and patient in explaining how Geology is done thanks

Well boggled mind. Question time in a few thousand years. Need to watch the video several hundred more times. Thank you Myron for putting it all together and showing it in a quiet enjoyable manner.

This channel contains some of the best geology stuff on the Internet.

This video is amazing. I've never seen someone (and a professional in the field) take the time and put in the effort to systematically go through such a huge section of formations and explain each one. I didn't even know that so many layers can be read in turn and insitu across an enormous basin like this. Mind blowing and wonderful! And all presented in such an enthusiastic but kind and mild manner. Hats off to you good sir!

My local preacher said 6000 years old 😂😂 I put that book in recycle bin 😁. Thanks for your video Your explanations and drone views are amazing 👍👍

This is so well done Myron’s teaching is comprehensible. What a gift. I am astonished by this vast depositional interpretation. Thank you for such a pleasant tone of style.

Excellent film Myron more please.

We are contemporaries and I've enjoyed hundreds of hours of classroom time, on both sides of the desk. I am very impressed with your approach to the material. Thank you.

It's a lot easier for me to grapple with 4.5 Billion years than it is from me to grapple with $34 Trillion national debt.

Your visual explanation helps me so much. Thank you for starting your channel to show the rest of us "how it all came to be".

Myron: you hit the ball out of the park with this video! Your drone shots and diagrams bring the geologic time scale to life. Thanks!

Well done, MC. I can read about this stuff and kind of get it , but when it’s presented in this form it becomes clear and succinct enough even for this highschool dropout to figure out. You do us a good service.

This is just unbelievable and hard work, what with all the efforts that's gone into the recordings with drones and what not and not mentioning the travel and traversing of places far afield; I feel like I'm on a field trip and actually experiencing the locale and its geologic history firsthand. A million thanks from Azerbaijan!

Thanks for sharing your knowledge! I live in Norway and I'm surrounded by amazing and beautiful landscapes. I don't have the knowledge to decode their mysteries, but thanks to your videos I've started to get a somewhat clearer perspective.

These videos are so well done. And super fascinating. Thank you for making them!

These are absolutely mind boggling time scales for these series of formations, and your video makes it really clear. You just kept zooming out in scale 🤯🤯🤯! Thank you for your video, this is fantastic and fun to watch and learn.

Sat like glued and watched this video -as always! And just like You said, I too get the same feelings, when I look at the nightsky, as thinking about our beautiful planet. Total awe! It is so incredibly mindblowing and humbling that we even exist! ? And the Time it has taken … ? ! I can not deal with that really. What I Can do, is deal with Today! So I will go out, try my best to appreciate my insignificance and pick up some littering in my neighbourhood! Thank You Myron! Also a thankful thought to your Uncle !🙌🏼

As I watched this very thought provoking video, I realized how much time and effort you put into your videos. The way you present the material is very logical and easy to understand, thank you for being a great teacher. I would be willing to bet that you have raised awareness of geology in countless individuals, and perhaps inspired many to pursue a career in the field.

Amazing video. My grandparents lived up in Buffalo Wy and other family in Cody and Greybull. I have been all through the areas in the video and really had no clue or appreciation of what I was looking at. Thank you for explaining! The awe of it all is staggering.

Thanks Myron. This summary has helped me to put the field trip in context.

Great video once again, Myron. Your passion for geology is really amazing. Thank you so much.

Fun watching again! Blows my mind to think of the deep time

I really enjoyed this perspective on geological time. I especially liked the superimposing of the actual environments over the geological formations. Your presentations offer great clarity on a very complex subject.

Thank you Myron! Such an overwhelming sense of awe from this video. I have been slowly going through your channel over the last couple of months and I have learned so much.

Sure have. The most hitting to me was when I was in Loreto Mexico . We were out fishing and could see the water lines on rock formations . The captain said that was the water line from millions of years of ago. The water line was 100 feet over our heads. Makes you humble

As usual, an incredible, easy to understand explanation of deep time. You are an amazing teacher.

You are still the best! I read books and listen to other geologists but you make it so real. I understand ater I've heard you explain things so carefully. Thank you so much for giving us your time!

Fascinating perspective of time, so humbling, so peaceful. Brings a great perspective of time, alive. Thank you and your uncle.

What a wonderful trip through time. Thanks for making these greatly insightful video’s. Greetings from the flat Netherlands!

Another great lesson in geological formation, thanks 👍🙏

Well, I watched the whole video and you did a great job💯 I am very impressed by it. You taught us a lot about the different rock layer types and showed how they appear visually and texturally. I love how you presented things in the "How the Earth Was Made!" pictorial way so that we could see what types of environments created those rock layers. I guess that must be how geologists present things generally. I loved so much your excellent use of drone film footage to give us a bird's eye view of each rock layer❣My father was a pilot so I know he would have appreciated that❗I like especially how you showed us all of those biological fossils peculiar to each rock layer❗I am extremely interested in paleontology so that connection interested me so much❣ 💯💯💯

Beyond intelligent!!! Thank you so much. You have answered my questions without me having to ask!!!😮😮😮😮😮

Thank you Myron, for taking all this time and effort to visit and explain all the layers right down to the great unconformity. If I could go all the way to your country, I surely would do this drive and take in the sheer enormity, and especially the time scales that divide each region. I am in awe, truly.

I wish more people were able to see time at the scale of geologists.

Thank you. One of your videos came on to my feed and now I'm subscribed to your channel and spending my weekend learning more about Geology. I also a fan of Nick Zentner.

Alway, we always enjoy watching your shows Myron. We learn a lot, we're awed and amazed, and we're inspired. I have to agree with you that physically walking, or even watching you do that, through these tangible records of time, each with such varied details, really drives home the enormous passage of time much more keenly than just "hey, here's big number".

Myron, thank you so much for your fantastic Videos! Montana ist so beautyful ❤. My highest gratitude for your Work. All the best for you and many Greetings from Bavaria! 👍👍👍👍

great videos Myron. the geology is surprisingly easy to follow, and the delivery totally relaxing- a cross between slow TV and Bob Ross. its hard to not calm down watching these, harder still to not learn something. therapeutic as well as educational.

Yet another fine romp through the geology of beautiful Wyoming. Thank you.

Indeed, I HAVE thoroughly enjoyed watching this video! Thank you, sir! Very cool stuff! And I especially appreciate the ways in which you captured drone footage. Top notch.

Tick, Tick, Tick the clock is a ticking. The study of Geology is more a study of erosion and time, all this is mind blowing. And the time of man, the erosion continues, and time seem to stand still, but Tick, Tick, Tick. Thank you ALL stay safe

I sit here now knowing the depth and the ages it took to deposit some of these layers for it only to still be unfathomable. Thank you Myron, wonderful video

I wish you were my neighbor. Just a few minutes listening to your calm soothing voice is worth a million years of peace.

Thank you very much for sharing your wealth of knowledge and your enthusiasm with all of us! You put so much work into each video, and they are excellent!

This is my new favourite geologist channel by far 👍 Covering everything anyone wants to learn

Dear Prof Cook - I so much appreciate your knowledge, academic expertise, and generous manner in which you deliver new knowledge to me and others! I drove from Phoenix, up the west side of Nevada, then through the northern Sierra. Each represent incredibly different geological provinces. Volcanics everywhere. The into the southern Cascades, Lassen and its fumaroles, the. Over to Susanville and Alturas, just because I’d never been to that corner of California. Next, driving into the serious Cascades, Shasta and north. Hiked down to Crater Lake, amazed at the violent removal of the upper part of Mt Mazuma only perhaps 7000 years ago. And the rest of the Oregon cascades, Thiessen is especially interesting. My point is that I had planned an epic circuit that included Wyoming, and the possibility to meet you. I’m already 1300 miles into my trip and nearly halfway through my PTO 😞. I still need to get to the Scablands. Don’t think I could make it to Wyoming and then back home in the time remaining. Next time!

Amazing video! Deep Time sequences are some of my favorite to think about. Just imagining all the sea level change through this video and how that effected the rest of the world and influenced geology elsewhere and the changes in climate we see from the desert coasts to the coal producing swamps blows my mind. I mapped a much smaller but similar sequence near Ely Nevada for my Bachelors Field Camp Project

Once again, thank you for sharing what you love. Your knowledge and understanding and sense of wonder, compound the delight I feel in my meager understanding of geology and geological time.

Superb work. Your drone shots really amplify the geologic magnificence. The videos I have done in the 40 Mile Desert of Nevada have been greatly greatly enhanced since I started getting GoPro views from the outside of my airplane. Northern Nevada is considered the dullest country to drive through. But the geology seen from 2,000 feet is wonderous.

Thank you for such a wonderful and complete informative video. Time is simply mind=boggling. I'm totally in awe of this planet we call home.

Thank you. Once again you had given us a clear, easy to understand explanation that we can take to our own backyards as amateur geologists!

Mind blowing stuff Myron. And before I comment, Much thanks for the priceless contribution! I like to think about the relationship between evolutionary geology and biological evo. Think of all the accidental incidents in geology that influenced bio evolution. Especially when you factor in the great extinctions including snowball earth. What an extremely rare chance that advanced primates like us could have evolved. And like the identity of a DNA molecule or a personal finger print, any evolved life form has it's own unique identity. So when you factor in the immense scale of time, we are like an intelligent form of bacteria that will come to pass forever after just a few hours on the cosmic calendar. That is how small we really are. We are an incredible gift from the stars! imo

Myron I'm thankful your uncle Cliff introduced you to geology, you have such an amazing talent for showing us the Earth's history through geology. I can definitely relate to wanting just 1 more day with a loved one that inspired us to become what we are today.

You are truly an amazing man Myron. God bless your uncle & ❤ your shows. Gonna show my kids 🎉

So much beauty and so much information! Im going to have to watch this a bunch of times to take it all in. Thinking of deep time and space...feeling "insignificant" is a rather strange choice of words. I feel pretty good about being among the first (in a history of the universe and earth perspective) to take this all in, just to think about this stuff. That so much has happened, from stars dying to create the materials to all the life thats struggled and died that led to us, to us standing here contemplating it all - for it all to now (kind of) fit in and live in our heads instead of just being an unappreciated process. I feel pretty significant to be the product of all that.